HIV salivary gland disease explained

Human immunodeficiency virus salivary gland disease (abbreviated to HIV-SGD,^[1] and also termed HIV-associated salivary gland disease),^[2] is swelling of the salivary glands and/or xerostomia in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.__TOC__

Signs and symptoms

• Gradual enlargement of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful.
• Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications.

HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection.^[3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome.

Epidemiology

HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults,^[4] at about 19% and 1% respectively.^[1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.

Notes and References

1. Book: Burket LW. Greenberg MS. Michael Glick. Jonathan A Ship. Burket's Oral Medicine. 2008. PMPH-USA. 978-1-55009-345-2. 207–208.
2. Jeffers. L. Webster-Cyriaque. JY. Viruses and salivary gland disease (SGD): lessons from HIV SGD.. Advances in Dental Research. April 2011. 23. 1. 79–83. 21441486. 3144046. 10.1177/0022034510396882.
3. Book: Witt RL. Salivary Gland Diseases: Surgical and Medical Management. 1 January 2011. Thieme. 978-1-60406-537-4. 60–61.
4. Schiødt. M. HIV-associated salivary gland disease: a review.. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. February 1992. 73. 2. 164–7. 1549310. 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90189-w.