HIST2H4A explained

Histone H4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST2H4A gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. This gene is one of four histone genes in the cluster that are duplicated; this record represents the centromeric copy.

Further reading

• Green L, Van Antwerpen R, Stein J, etal . A major human histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 . Science . 226 . 4676 . 838–40 . 1984 . 6494913 . 10.1126/science.6494913 . 1984Sci...226..838G .
• Pelicci G, Lanfrancone L, Salcini AE, etal . Constitutive phosphorylation of Shc proteins in human tumors . Oncogene . 11 . 5 . 899–907 . 1995 . 7675449 .
• Díaz-Jullien C, Pérez-Estévez A, Covelo G, Freire M . Prothymosin alpha binds histones in vitro and shows activity in nucleosome assembly assay . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1296 . 2 . 219–27 . 1996 . 8814229 . 10.1016/0167-4838(96)00072-6.
• Rodriguez P, Munroe D, Prawitt D, etal . Functional characterization of human nucleosome assembly protein-2 (NAP1L4) suggests a role as a histone chaperone . Genomics . 44 . 3 . 253–65 . 1997 . 9325046 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4868 .
• Albig W, Doenecke D . The human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus . Hum. Genet. . 101 . 3 . 284–94 . 1998 . 9439656 . 10.1007/s004390050630 . 38539096 .
• El Kharroubi A, Piras G, Zensen R, Martin MA . Transcriptional activation of the integrated chromatin-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 18 . 5 . 2535–44 . 1998 . 9566873 . 10.1128/mcb.18.5.2535. 110633 .
• Kimura A, Horikoshi M . Tip60 acetylates six lysines of a specific class in core histones in vitro . Genes Cells . 3 . 12 . 789–800 . 1999 . 10096020 . 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00229.x . free .
• Deng L, de la Fuente C, Fu P, etal . Acetylation of HIV-1 Tat by CBP/P300 increases transcription of integrated HIV-1 genome and enhances binding to core histones . Virology . 277 . 2 . 278–95 . 2001 . 11080476 . 10.1006/viro.2000.0593 . free .
• Seo SB, McNamara P, Heo S, etal . Regulation of histone acetylation and transcription by INHAT, a human cellular complex containing the set oncoprotein . Cell . 104 . 1 . 119–30 . 2001 . 11163245 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00196-9 . 11144887 . free .
• Deng L, Wang D, de la Fuente C, etal . Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA . Virology . 289 . 2 . 312–26 . 2001 . 11689053 . 10.1006/viro.2001.1129 . free .
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, etal . Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus . Curr. Biol. . 12 . 1 . 1–11 . 2002 . 11790298 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . 14132033 . free . 2002CBio...12....1A .
• Weinmann AS, Yan PS, Oberley MJ, etal . Isolating human transcription factor targets by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation and CpG island microarray analysis . Genes Dev. . 16 . 2 . 235–44 . 2002 . 11799066 . 10.1101/gad.943102 . 155318 .
• Marzluff WF, Gongidi P, Woods KR, etal . The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes . Genomics . 80 . 5 . 487–98 . 2003 . 12408966 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(02)96850-3 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Hovhannisyan H, Cho B, Mitra P, etal . Maintenance of open chromatin and selective genomic occupancy at the cell cycle-regulated histone H4 promoter during differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 4 . 1460–9 . 2003 . 12556504 . 10.1128/MCB.23.4.1460-1469.2003 . 141140 .
• Yoon HG, Chan DW, Huang ZQ, etal . Purification and functional characterization of the human N-CoR complex: the roles of HDAC3, TBL1 and TBLR1 . EMBO J. . 22 . 6 . 1336–46 . 2003 . 12628926 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg120 . 151047 .
• Pivot-Pajot C, Caron C, Govin J, etal . Acetylation-dependent chromatin reorganization by BRDT, a testis-specific bromodomain-containing protein . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 15 . 5354–65 . 2003 . 12861021 . 10.1128/MCB.23.15.5354-5365.2003 . 165724 .
• Coleman MA, Miller KA, Beernink PT, etal . Identification of chromatin-related protein interactions using protein microarrays . Proteomics . 3 . 11 . 2101–7 . 2004 . 14595808 . 10.1002/pmic.200300593 . 23471253 .

Notes and References

1. Pauli U, Chrysogelos S, Stein G, Stein J, Nick H . Protein-DNA interactions in vivo upstream of a cell cycle-regulated human H4 histone gene . Science . 236 . 4806 . 1308–11 . Jul 1987 . 3035717 . 10.1126/science.3035717 . 1987Sci...236.1308P .
2. Sierra F, Stein G, Stein J . Structure and in vitro transcription of a human H4 histone gene . Nucleic Acids Res . 11 . 20 . 7069–86 . Dec 1983 . 6314274 . 326439 . 10.1093/nar/11.20.7069 .
3. Braastad CD, Hovhannisyan H, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS . Functional characterization of a human histone gene cluster duplication . Gene . 342 . 1 . 35–40 . Nov 2004 . 15527963 . 10.1016/j.gene.2004.07.036 .
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: HIST2H4A histone cluster 2, H4a.