HIF3A explained

Hypoxia-inducible factor 3 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIF3A gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 subunit of one of several alpha/beta-subunit heterodimeric transcription factors that regulate many adaptive responses to low oxygen tension (hypoxia). The alpha-3 subunit lacks the transactivation domain found in factors containing either the alpha-1 or alpha-2 subunits. It is thought that factors containing the alpha-3 subunit are negative regulators of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. At least three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[3]

In rats, it plays a negative role in the adaptation to hypoxia, because the inhibition of HIF-3α expression leads to an increase in physical endurance.^[4]

Clinical significance

DNA methylation in the introns of HIF3A is associated with BMI an adiposity.^[5]

See also

• Hypoxia inducible factors

References

Further reading

• Gu YZ, Moran SM, Hogenesch JB, Wartman L, Bradfield CA . Molecular characterization and chromosomal localization of a third alpha-class hypoxia inducible factor subunit, HIF3alpha. . Gene Expr. . 7 . 3 . 205–13 . 1998 . 9840812 . 6151950 .
• Makino Y, Kanopka A, Wilson WJ, Tanaka H, Poellinger L . Inhibitory PAS domain protein (IPAS) is a hypoxia-inducible splicing variant of the hypoxia-inducible factor-3alpha locus. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 36 . 32405–8 . 2002 . 12119283 . 10.1074/jbc.C200328200 . free .
• Maynard MA, Qi H, Chung J, Lee EH, Kondo Y, Hara S, Conaway RC, Conaway JW, Ohh M . Multiple splice variants of the human HIF-3 alpha locus are targets of the von Hippel-Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 13 . 11032–40 . 2003 . 12538644 . 10.1074/jbc.M208681200 . free .
• Maynard MA, Evans AJ, Hosomi T, Hara S, Jewett MA, Ohh M . Human HIF-3alpha4 is a dominant-negative regulator of HIF-1 and is down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma. . FASEB J. . 19 . 11 . 1396–406 . 2006 . 16126907 . 10.1096/fj.05-3788com . free . 86404533 .
• Jang MS, Park JE, Lee JA, Park SG, Myung PK, Lee DH, Park BC, Cho S . Binding and regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by the inhibitory PAS proteins. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 337 . 1 . 209–15 . 2005 . 16182248 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.038 .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Li QF, Wang XR, Yang YW, Lin H . Hypoxia upregulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-3alpha expression in lung epithelial cells: characterization and comparison with HIF-1alpha. . Cell Res. . 16 . 6 . 548–58 . 2006 . 16775626 . 10.1038/sj.cr.7310072 . free .
• Kollers S, Musilova P, Rubes J, Rocha D . Comparative mapping reveals multiple rearrangements between pig chromosome 6 and human 19q13. . Anim. Genet. . 37 . 6 . 595–6 . 2007 . 17121608 . 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01516.x .

Notes and References

1. Hara S, Hamada J, Kobayashi C, Kondo Y, Imura N . Expression and characterization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-3alpha in human kidney: suppression of HIF-mediated gene expression by HIF-3alpha . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 287 . 4 . 808–13 . Sep 2001 . 11573933 . 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5659 .
2. Makino Y, Cao R, Svensson K, Bertilsson G, Asman M, Tanaka H, Cao Y, Berkenstam A, Poellinger L . Inhibitory PAS domain protein is a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible gene expression . Nature . 414 . 6863 . 550–4 . Dec 2001 . 11734856 . 10.1038/35107085 . 2001Natur.414..550M . 4389117 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: HIF3A hypoxia inducible factor 3, alpha subunit.
4. Drevytska T, Gavenauskas B, Drozdovska S, Nosar V, Dosenko V, Mankovska I . HIF-3α mRNA expression changes in different tissues and their role in adaptation to intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise . Pathophysiology . 19 . 3 . 205–14 . 2012 . 22884965 . 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.06.002 .
5. Dick KJ, Nelson CP, Tsaprouni L, Sandling JK, Aïssi D, Wahl S, Meduri E, Morange PE, Gagnon F, Grallert H, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Erdmann J, Hengstenberg C, Cambien F, Goodall AH, Ouwehand WH, Schunkert H, Thompson JR, Spector TD, Gieger C, Trégouët DA, Deloukas P, Samani NJ . DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis. . Lancet . 383 . 9933 . 1990–1998 . 2014 . 24630777 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62674-4 . 18026508 . free .