DS Tucanae explained

DS Tucanae (HD 222259) is a binary star system 144 light years away in the constellation of Tucana. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.5, and is a RS Canum Venaticorum variable.[1] The system is notable for being young as a member of the 45 Myr old Tucana-Horologium moving group[2] and for the primary star hosting the confirmed exoplanet DS Tucanae Ab, discovered by THYME, using TESS.[3] [4] [5] [6]

Stellar system

DS Tucanae is a visual binary.[7] The binary consists of a G6V primary and a K3V secondary separated by .[8] Based on radial velocity measurements it was suggested that the secondary itself is a binary, but later studies could not find evidence for this claim.

Together with the red dwarf 2MASS J23321028–6926537, DS Tucanae might be a triple stellar system. This star shares a similar distance and similar proper motions. It is separated 113,000 astronomical units from DS Tuc.[9]

Physical properties

High levels of magnetic activity, a strong 6708Å lithium line, and the position on the color-magnitude diagram, slightly above the main sequence, strongly support a young age of the system. The primary star is emitting a frequent and powerful (up to 5-8×1034 ergs) X-ray flares.

Both components of the binary are main sequence stars. The primary has a mass very similar to the Sun, but slightly cooler and smaller, meaning it is only 72% as luminous as the Sun. The secondary is only 84% as massive as the Sun and only 33% as luminous.

Planetary system

DS Tuc Ab is one of the few transiting planets with an age smaller than 100 Myrs. Other examples are K2-33b, V1298 Tauri b and AU Microscopii b. Of these systems DS Tuc is the brightest and it is a good target for atmospheric characterization with JWST. The planet is a super-Neptune or sub-Saturn. The planet might be an inflated planet with an upper mass limit of 20 . DS Tuc Ab will be observed by ESA's CHEOPS mission to characterize the planet.[10]

The planet DS Tucanae Ab has a low orbital obliquity (λ = or λ =). This means that the orbital plane of this planet aligns with the stellar equator of the star. This is unusual for a short period planet. Many short period planets show high orbital obliquity, which was taken as a sign of the scattering of the planet into this short period orbit. It can also be interpreted as the formation of a planet in an inner disk with an axial tilt. But these previous measurements of orbital obliquity were made for giant planets around mature stars. DS Tucanae Ab is a relatively small young planet. This suggests that DS Tucanae Ab formed in a smooth disk that was not perturbed by the stellar companion DS Tucanae B.[11] [12] DS Tucanae Ab might therefore be a good target to study in-situ planet-formation of short-period planets.

Notes and References

  1. Samus'. N. N.. Goranskii. V. P.. Durlevich. O. V.. Zharova. A. V.. Kazarovets. E. V.. Kireeva. N. N.. Pastukhova. E. N.. Williams. D. B.. Hazen. M. L.. July 2003. An Electronic Version of the Second Volume of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with Improved Coordinates. Astronomy Letters. en. 29. 7. 468–479. 10.1134/1.1589864. 1063-7737. 2003AstL...29..468S. 16299532.
  2. Zuckerman. B.. Webb. R. A.. 2000-06-01. Identification of a Nearby Stellar Association in theHipparcos Catalog: Implications for Recent, Local Star Formation. The Astrophysical Journal. en. 535. 2. 959. 10.1086/308897. 0004-637X. 2000ApJ...535..959Z. astro-ph/0002461. 2485534.
  3. Web site: Dartmouth Astronomer on Leading Discovery of a New Planet Dartmouth News. Albright. Charlotte. 14 August 2019. news.dartmouth.edu. 2022-01-30.
  4. 1. Newton. Elisabeth R.. Mann. Andrew W.. Tofflemire. Benjamin M.. Pearce. Logan. Rizzuto. Aaron C.. Vanderburg. Andrew. Martinez. Raquel A.. Wang. Jason J.. Ruffio. Jean-Baptiste. Kraus. Adam L.. Johnson. Marshall C.. Thao. Pa Chia. Wood. Mackenna L.. Rampalli. Rayna. Nielsen. Eric L.. Collins. Karen A.. Dragomir. Diana. Hellier. Coel. Anderson. D. R.. Barclay. Thomas. Brown. Carolyn. Feiden. Gregory. Hart. Rhodes. Isopi. Giovanni. Kielkopf. John F.. Mallia. Franco. Nelson. Peter. Rodriguez. Joseph E.. Stockdale. Chris. Waite. Ian A.. Wright. Duncan J.. Lissauer. Jack J.. Ricker. George R.. Vanderspek. Roland. Latham. David W.. Seager. S.. Winn. Joshua N.. Jenkins. Jon M.. Bouma. Luke G.. Burke. Christopher J.. Davies. Misty. Fausnaugh. Michael. Li. Jie. Morris. Robert L.. Mukai. Koji. Villaseñor. Joel. Villeneuva. Steven. De Rosa. Robert J.. Macintosh. Bruce. Mengel. Matthew W.. Okumura. Jack. Wittenmyer. Robert A.. July 2019. TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME): A Planet in the 45 Myr Tucana-Horologium Association. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. en. 880. 1. L17. 10.3847/2041-8213/ab2988 . 1906.10703 . 0004-637X. 2019ApJ...880L..17N. 1721.1/124722. 195658207. free . free .
  5. Benatti. S.. Nardiello. D.. Malavolta. L.. Desidera. S.. Borsato. L.. Nascimbeni. V.. Damasso. M.. D'Orazi. V.. Mesa. D.. Messina. S.. Esposito. M.. Bignamini. A.. Claudi. R.. Covino. E.. Lovis. C.. Sabotta. S.. October 2019. A possibly inflated planet around the bright young star DS Tucanae A. Astronomy & Astrophysics. en. 630. A81. 10.1051/0004-6361/201935598. 0004-6361. 2019A&A...630A..81B. 1904.01591. 102486551.
  6. Web site: DS Tuc A b. exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. 2019-12-18.
  7. Torres. G.. August 1988. Visual Measurements of Southern Double Stars - Part Three. Astrophysics and Space Science. en. 147. 2. 257–266. 10.1007/BF00645670. 0004-640X. 1988Ap&SS.147..257T. 116982206.
  8. Torres. C. a. O.. Quast. G. R.. Silva. L. da. Reza. R. de la. Melo. C. H. F.. Sterzik. M.. 2006-12-01. Search for associations containing young stars (SACY) - I. Sample and searching method. Astronomy & Astrophysics. en. 460. 3. 695–708. 10.1051/0004-6361:20065602. 0004-6361. 2006A&A...460..695T. astro-ph/0609258. 16080025.
  9. González-Payo . J. . Multiplicity of stars with planets in the solar neighbourhood . 2024-07-29 . 2407.20138 . Caballero . J. A. . Gorgas . J. . Cortés-Contreras . M. . Gálvez-Ortiz . M.-C. . Cifuentes . C..
  10. Web site: AO-1 Programmes - CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme - Cosmos. www.cosmos.esa.int. 2019-12-18.
  11. Montet. Benjamin T.. Feinstein. Adina D.. Luger. Rodrigo. Bedell. Megan E.. Gully-Santiago. Michael A.. Teske. Johanna K.. Xuesong Wang. Sharon. Butler. R. Paul. Flowers. Erin. Shectman. Stephen A.. Crane. Jeffrey D.. The Young Planet DS Tuc Ab has a Low Obliquity. The Astronomical Journal. en. 159. 3. 112. 1912.03794. 10.3847/1538-3881/ab6d6d. 2020AJ....159..112M. 2020. 208920990 . free .
  12. Zhou. G.. Winn. J. N.. Newton. E. R.. Quinn. S. N.. Rodriguez. J. E.. Mann. A. W.. Rizzuto. A. C.. Vanderburg. A. M.. Huang. C. X.. Latham. D. W.. Teske. J. K.. A well aligned orbit for the 45 Myr old transiting Neptune DS Tuc Ab. The Astrophysical Journal. 2020. en. 892. 2. L21. 10.3847/2041-8213/ab7d3c. 1912.04095. 2020ApJ...892L..21Z. 208910672 . free .

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