CENTG2 explained

Arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AGAP1 gene.^[1]

Function

CENTG2 belongs to an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating (ARF-GAP) protein family involved in membrane traffic and actin cytoskeleton dynamics (Nie et al., 2002).[supplied by OMIM]

HACNS1

HACNS1 is located in an intron of the gene CENTG2 (also known as Human Accelerated Region 2). HACNS1 is hypothesized to be a gene enhancer "that may have contributed to the evolution of the uniquely opposable human thumb, and possibly also modifications in the ankle or foot that allow humans to walk on two legs". Evidence to date shows that of the 110,000 gene enhancer sequences identified in the human genome, HACNS1 has undergone the most change during the evolution of humans following the split with the ancestors of chimpanzees.^[2]

Further reading

• Kikuno R, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Research . 6 . 3 . 197–205 . Jun 1999 . 10470851 . 10.1093/dnares/6.3.197 . free .
• Nie Z, Stanley KT, Stauffer S, Jacques KM, Hirsch DS, Takei J, Randazzo PA . AGAP1, an endosome-associated, phosphoinositide-dependent ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein that affects actin cytoskeleton . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 50 . 48965–75 . Dec 2002 . 12388557 . 10.1074/jbc.M202969200 . free .
• Xia C, Ma W, Stafford LJ, Liu C, Gong L, Martin JF, Liu M . GGAPs, a new family of bifunctional GTP-binding and GTPase-activating proteins . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 23 . 7 . 2476–88 . Apr 2003 . 12640130 . 150724 . 10.1128/MCB.23.7.2476-2488.2003 .
• Nie Z, Boehm M, Boja ES, Vass WC, Bonifacino JS, Fales HM, Randazzo PA . Specific regulation of the adaptor protein complex AP-3 by the Arf GAP AGAP1 . Developmental Cell . 5 . 3 . 513–21 . Sep 2003 . 12967569 . 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00234-X . free .
• Meurer S, Pioch S, Wagner K, Müller-Esterl W, Gross S . AGAP1, a novel binding partner of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 47 . 49346–54 . Nov 2004 . 15381706 . 10.1074/jbc.M410565200 . free .
• Wassink TH, Piven J, Vieland VJ, Jenkins L, Frantz R, Bartlett CW, Goedken R, Childress D, Spence MA, Smith M, Sheffield VC . Evaluation of the chromosome 2q37.3 gene CENTG2 as an autism susceptibility gene . American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B . 136B . 1 . 36–44 . Jul 2005 . 15892143 . 10.1002/ajmg.b.30180 . 3858998 .
• Nie Z, Fei J, Premont RT, Randazzo PA . The Arf GAPs AGAP1 and AGAP2 distinguish between the adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-3 . Journal of Cell Science . 118 . Pt 15 . 3555–66 . Aug 2005 . 16079295 . 10.1242/jcs.02486 . free .
• Oh JH, Yang JO, Hahn Y, Kim MR, Byun SS, Jeon YJ, Kim JM, Song KS, Noh SM, Kim S, Yoo HS, Kim YS, Kim NS . Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer . Mammalian Genome . 16 . 12 . 942–54 . Dec 2005 . 16341674 . 10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2 . 69278 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: CENTG2 centaurin, gamma 2.
2. http://www.sciencecodex.com/gene_enhancer_in_evolution_of_human_opposable_thumb HACNS1: Gene enhancer in evolution of human opposable thumb