H.R. 1 (short for House of Representatives 1[1]) is an identifier for a bill of the United States House of Representatives. Historically, H.R. 1 indicated the first bill introduced in a given Congress (as the numbering system restarts every two years with each new Congress). However, since the start of the 106th Congress in 1999,[2] each Congress's rules have called for reserving numbers 1 through 10 for assignment by the Speaker of the House.[3] H.R. 1 is thus generally reserved for a major piece of legislation.
| Title | Congress introduced | Outcome | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gold Standard Act of 1900 | 56th | Enacted as | Established the gold standard as the only currency standard in the United States, ending bimetalism with silver. |
| Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 | 71st | Enacted as | Established the Federal Farm Board. |
| Ethics in Government Act of 1978 | 95th | Related bill, S. 555, enacted as [4] | Increased government transparency in the wake of the Watergate scandal. |
| Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 | 103rd | Enacted as | Requires employers to grant unpaid leave for family and medical reasons. |
| Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 | 104th | Related bill, S. 2, enacted as,[5] the first bill passed by the Congress. | Extends certain workers' rights laws to Congress. |
| No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 | 107th | Enacted as . Replaced in 2015 by the Every Student Succeeds Act. | Implemented nationwide standards-based education reform. |
| Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 | 108th | Enacted as | Overhauled Medicare. |
| Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 | 110th | Enacted as | Implemented some of the reforms recommended by the 9/11 Commission. |
| American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 | 111th | Enacted as | Stimulus package in response to the Great Recession. |
| Office of Compliance Administrative and Technical Corrections Act of 2015 | 114th | Enacted as | Amendment to the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995, also an H.R. 1. |
| Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 | 115th | Enacted as | Reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals. |
| For the People Act | 116th (2019) | Passed the House. Never brought to a vote in the Senate. | Would reform voting law, campaign finance law, and ethics rules for federal officials. |
| 117th (2021) | Passed the House., pending before the Senate. |