Hōtoku Explained

was a after Bun'an and before Kyōtoku. This period spanned the years from July 1449 through July 1452.^[1] The reigning emperor was .^[2]

Change of era

• 1449 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in 1449 (Bun'an 6.)

The first year of Hotoku began on the 28th day of the 7th month. On the 10th day, the era name would still have been Bun'an 6.^[3]

Events of the Hōtoku era

• May 8, 1449 (Hōtoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month): Shōgun Yoshinari^[4] is honored by the emperor with the gift of a sword.^[5]
• 1451 (Hōtoku 3, 7th month ): A delegation from the Ryukyu Islands arrives for the first time in Heian-kyō (Kyoto).^[6] Mention of this diplomatic event is among the first of its type to be published in the West in an 1832 French version of by Hayashi Shihei.^[7]
• 1451 (Hōtoku 3, 8th month ): Sogun Yoshihori causes a letter to be sent to the Emperor of China.^[6]

Appreciation for the waka poetry of Shōtetsu and Shinkei was noteworthy during this era.^[8]

References

• Hayashi, Shihei. (1786). . Edo: Manuscript. OCLC 44014900
• Klaproth, Julius. (1832). San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 2563166; OCLC 561284561
• Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

External links

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Notes and References

1. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hōtoku" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 360; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
2. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
3. Tonomura, Hitomi. (1992).
4. In 1453 (Kyōtoku 2, 6th month), Shogun, Yoshinari changed his name to Yoshimasu, by which name he is better known in modern times -- Titsingh,
5. Titsingh,
6. Titsingh, ; Satow, Ernest. (1882) "Notes on Loochoo" in, citing Arai Hakuseki
7. http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Sangoku+Ts%C5%ABran+Zusetsu&qt=results_page Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu
8. Ramirez-Christensen, Esperanza U. (1994).