Gyrodyne RON Rotorcycle explained

The Gyrodyne RON Rotorcycle (originally designated HOG) was a tiny, single-seat helicopter designed under contract for the United States Navy. in the mid-1950s. It later was redesigned for a U.S. Marine Corps requirement for a small personal helicopter that would fulfill an array of roles, including observation, liaison, small unit tactical maneuvers, and which could be dropped to downed airmen behind enemy lines to facilitate their escape.^[1]

Development

Gyrodyne purchased the assets of Bendix Helicopters in 1949, including the Model 2C coaxial helicopter which provided the technology for the XRON-1. In 1951 the Model 2C was demonstrated to the Navy with shortcomings noted in autorotation control. The XRON-1 was demonstrated under a new Navy contract NOas 55-388-c for a lightweight single man helicopter.

Design

Gyrodyne's design was an open-framework helicopter with coaxial rotors, which was evaluated with three different power plants (two reciprocating, one turbine).

The XRON-1 used a manually started 40 hp two-cycle engine with a gross weight capability of 500 lb. The fuselage is a simple box-beam construction. The rotor uses co-axial blades which alleviate the need for an anti-torque tail rotor. Yaw control is provided by rotor tip mounted "tip brakes" providing differential torque between the rotors. Gyrodyne patented the control on 24 October 1954 Patent No. 2,835,331.^[2] There is a small inverted V-tail for control at forward speeds. The rotors are laminated wood construction. The mast is pressure lubricated and becomes a cooling surface for oil inflight. The landing gear consists of three small wheels.^[3]

Operational history

The first flight was in November 1955. The two-cycle engine was prone to overheating and other engines were added to the program for testing. The Marine Corps also tested one XRON-1, and three YRON-1 prototypes.^[4]

The Marine Corps eventually concluded that both the RON, and the competing Hiller ROE were too heavy and too difficult to fly and abandoned the project. The United States Navy, however, had noticed the compact size and high load-carrying capacity of the RON, and in 1960 awarded a contract to Gyrodyne to produce a radio-controlled drone version of the Rotorcycle, to be used as an Anti-Submarine Warfare platform. Using the dynamic components of the RON, this was eventually developed as the Gyrodyne QH-50.

The Rotorcycle went on to win the prize for most maneuverable helicopter at the Paris Air Show in 1961, and was selected for a 1964 trade fair in Morocco by the United States Department of Commerce.

A two-place enclosed "gyrocycle" commercial variant was proposed after initial tests.^[5]

Variants

XRON-1:Prototype

YRON-1:

• Powered by a 4-stroke Porsche YO-95-2 model Model GP-702/1 600cc variant with diameter rotors.

• Powered by a Solar YT62 turbine model with diameter rotors.

• Powered by a 4-stroke Porsche YO-95-6 engine variant - Rotor diameter increased to, 5 units built and tested at NAS Patuxent River and Camp Pendleton.

• Powered by a Solar T62 gas turbine engine and diameter rotors.^[6]

• Powered by a 4-stroke Porsche YO-95-8 DSN-1/QH-50A engine. ^[7]

• Powered by a Electric Engine with 50 Min endurance. ^[8]

Surviving aircraft

Australia

• 4008 – XRON airworthy with Coax Helicopters of Parramatta, New South Wales.^[9]
• 4015 – XRON airworthy with Coax Helicopters of Parramatta, New South Wales.^[10]

United States

• 4005 – XRON-1 on static display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.^[11]
• 4012 – YRON-1 on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.^{[12] [13]}
• 4013 – YRON-1 on static display at the Hickory Aviation Museum in Hickory, North Carolina.^[14]
• 4014 – XRON-1 on static display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in New York, New York.^{[15] [16]}
• XRON-1 in storage at the Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park in Buffalo, New York.^[17]
• XRON-1 on static display at the National Museum of Transportation in Saint Louis, Missouri.^[18]
• RON on static display at Patriots Point in Charleston, South Carolina.^[19]

References

Bibliography

• Book: The Rotorcycle . Gyrodyne Company of America .
• Book: Rawlins, Eugene W. . Marines and Helicopters 1946–1962 . 1976 . Washington, D.C. . History and Museums Division Headquarters, United States Marine Corps . 89 .
• Book: Simpson, Rod . Airlife's Helicopters and Rotorcraft . 1998 . Shrewsbury, UK . Airlife Publishing . 220 . 438025217 . 9781853109683.
• Book: Taylor, John W. R. . John W. R. Taylor

. John W. R. Taylor . 1961 . Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1961–62 . London . Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd..

• Book: Taylor, Michael J. H. . 1989 . Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation . London . Studio Editions . 455 .

Further reading

• • Book: Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59 . Bridgman . Leonard . 1958 . Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. . London . 312.

External links

• XRON History – Gyrodyne Helicopter Historical Foundation

Notes and References

1. Popular Mechanics. July 1956.
2. Web site: XRON history. 7 June 2011.
3. Sport Aviation. November 2011.
4. Book: Historic naval aircraft: from the pages of Naval history magazine. registration. Norman Polmar. 2004. Brassey's. 9781574885729.
5. Sport Aviation. December 1958.
6. Helicopters of the World . Flight International AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, MISSILES . 27 May 1960 . 77 . 2672 . p.p.711–718, 725–730.
7. Web site: GYRODYNE XRON - YRON. 25 Oct 2022.
8. Luminati Creates Vertically Integrated VTOL Development Business. Vertiflite. Kenneth I Swartz. January 2020.
9. Web site: Aircraft Register [VH-XRN] ]. Civil Aviation Safety Authority . Australian Government . 14 July 2024.
10. Web site: Aircraft Register [VH-YRN] ]. Civil Aviation Safety Authority . Australian Government . 14 July 2024.
11. Web site: Gyrodyne XRON-1 'Rotorcycle' . New England Air Museum . 14 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160402003811/http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135 . 2 April 2016.
12. Web site: Gyrodyne YRON-1 Rotorcycle . Pima Air & Space Museum . 14 July 2024.
13. Web site: Airframe Dossier - Gyrodyne YRON-1 Rotorcycle, s/n 4012 USN . Aerial Visuals . 14 July 2024.
14. News: Aguiari . Moreno . A de Havilland Otter Arrives at The Hickory Aviation Museum . 14 July 2024 . Vintage Aviation News . 17 January 2024.
15. Web site: Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle . Cradle of Aviation Museum . 14 July 2024.
16. Web site: Airframe Dossier - Gyrodyne XRON-1 Rotorcycle, s/n 04014 USN . Aerial Visuals . 14 July 2024.
17. Web site: Outdoor Exhibit Yard . Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park . 14 July 2024.
18. Web site: Gyrodyne XRON-1 Rotorcycle . National Museum of Transportation . 14 July 2024.
19. Web site: Location Dossier - Patriots Point Naval and Marine Museum (USS Yorktown) . Aerial Visuals . 14 July 2024.