Gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron explained

Type:	Canonical polyhedron Johnson
Faces:	20 triangles 30 squares 12 pentagons
Edges:	120
Vertices:	60
Symmetry:	C _{5v}
Vertex Config:	\begin{align} & 10 x ( 3 x 4 ^{2} x 5 ) + \\ & 4 x 5 + 3 x 10 x ( 3 x 4 x 5 x 4 ) \end{align}
Net:	Johnson solid 72 net.png

In geometry, the gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids . It is also a canonical polyhedron.

Construction

The gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron can be constructed similarly as rhombicosidodecahedron: it is constructed from parabidiminished rhombicosidodecahedron by attaching two regular pentagonal cupolas onto its decagonal faces. As a result, these pentagonal cupolas cover its dodecagonal faces, so the resulting polyhedron has 20 equilateral triangles, 30 squares, and 10 regular pentagons as its faces. The difference between those two polyhedrons is that one of two pentagonal cupolas from the gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is rotated through 36°. A convex polyhedron in which all faces are regular polygons is called the Johnson solid, and the gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is among them, enumerated as the 72th Johnson solid

J _{72} .

Properties

Because the two aforementioned polyhedrons have similar construction, they have the same surface area and volume. A gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron with edge length has a surface area by adding all of the area of its faces:$$\backslash left(30+5\backslash sqrt+3\backslash sqrt\backslash right)a^2\; \backslash approx\; 59.306a^2.$$Its volume can be calculated by slicing it into two regular pentagonal cupolas and one parabigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron, and adding their volumes:$$\backslash fraca^3\; \backslash approx\; 41.615a^3.$$

The gyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is one of the five Johnson solids that do not have Rupert property, meaning a polyhedron of the same or larger size and the same shape as it cannot pass through a hole in it. The other Johnson solids with no such property are parabigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron, metabigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron, trigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron, and paragyrate diminished rhombicosidodecahedron.

See also

Alternative Johnson solids, constructed by rotating different cupolae of a rhombicosidodecahedron, are:

J _{73} where two opposing cupolae are rotated;J _{74} where two non-opposing cupolae are rotated; J _{75} where three cupolae are rotated