Gynomonoecy Explained

Gynomonoecy is defined as the presence of both female and hermaphrodite flowers on the same individual of a plant species. It is prevalent in Asteraceae but is poorly understood.[1]

It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with monoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy.[2]

Occurrence

This sexual system occurs in about 2.8% of flowering plants.[3] It is present in 3% of Silene species[4] and 23 families of flowering plants, but is most common in the daisy family, Asteraceae.[5] Of the approximately 23000 species in the Asteraceae[6] about 200 are gynomonoecious.[7]

Evolution

Gynomonoecy may be an intermediate evolutionary state between monoecy and hermaphroditism.[8] It is also postulated to be the ancestor to trimonoecy.

Gynomonecy evolved once in Hawaiian Tetramolopium.[9]

In families like Compositae or Chenopodiaceae, gynomonoecy is considered leading path to monoecy from hermaphroditism and vice versa.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Martínez-Gómez, Pedro. Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding. 2019. MDPI. 978-3-03921-175-3. 442. en.
  2. Torices. Rubén. Méndez. Marcos. Gómez. José María. 2011. Where do monomorphic sexual systems fit in the evolution of dioecy? Insights from the largest family of angiosperms. New Phytologist. en. 190. 1. 234–248. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03609.x. 21219336. 1469-8137. free.
  3. BERTIN. ROBERT I.. GWISC. GREGORY M.. 2002-11-01. Floral sex ratios and gynomonoecy in Solidago (Asteraceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77. 3. 413–422. 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00137.x. 0024-4066. free.
  4. Casimiro-Soriguer . Inés . Buide . Maria L. . Narbona . Eduardo . 2015-01-01 . Diversity of sexual systems within different lineages of the genus Silene . AoB Plants . 7 . plv037 . 10.1093/aobpla/plv037 . 2041-2851 . 4433491 . 25862920.
  5. Jannathan . Mamut . Dun-Yan . Tan . 2014 . Gynomonoecy in angiosperms: phylogeny, sex expression and evolutionary significance . Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology . 38 . 1 . 76–90 . 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00008 .
  6. Book: Walter S.. Judd. Christopher S.. Campbell . Elizabeth A. . Kellogg . Peter F. . Stevens . Michael J. . Donoghue . Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach . 2 . 2002 . Sinauer Associates Inc. . Sunderland MA, USA . 0-87893-403-0 .
  7. Book: Avise, John C.. Hermaphroditism: A Primer on the Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Dual Sexuality. 2011. Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-52715-6. 52–53. en.
  8. Book: Ainsworth, Charles. Annual Plant Reviews, Flowering and its Manipulation. 2008-04-15. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-4051-7240-0. 14. en.
  9. Book: Stuessy. Tod F.. Evolution and Speciation of Island Plants. Ono. Mikio. 2007. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-04832-3. 63. en.
  10. Casimiro-Soriguer. Inés. Buide. Maria L.. Narbona. Eduardo. 2015. Diversity of sexual systems within different lineages of the genus Silene. AoB Plants. 7. plv037. 10.1093/aobpla/plv037. 25862920. 4433491. 2041-2851.

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