Gwinnett County, Georgia Explained

County:Gwinnett County
State:Georgia
Flag:Flag of Gwinnett County, Georgia.webp
Seal:Seal of Gwinnett County, Georgia.svg
Founded Date:December 15
Seat Wl:Lawrenceville
Largest City Wl:Peachtree Corners
Area Total Sq Mi:437
Area Land Sq Mi:430
Area Water Sq Mi:6.4
Area Percentage:1.5%
Census Yr:2020
Pop:942627
Pop Est As Of:2023
Population Est:983526
Density Sq Mi:2123
Time Zone:Eastern
Ex Image:Gwinnett County Justice and Administrative Building.jpg
District:6th
District2:7th
District3:9th

Gwinnett County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia.[1] It forms part of the Atlanta metropolitan area, being located about northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020, the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County).[2] Its county seat is Lawrenceville.[3] The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.[4]

Gwinnett County is the most ethnically-diverse county in Georgia,[5] [6] [7] with significant populations of Black, Hispanic, and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census, no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population.[8]

History

In 1813, Fort Daniel was created during the War of 1812 in territory that would become Gwinnett County.[9] The county was created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County) and from lands gained through the cession of Creek Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the first county election was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the first Superior Court was held in his barn. The county seat was later placed at Lawrenceville.[10]

In 1831, a group of white men were tried and found guilty in Lawrenceville for violating Georgia law by living in the Cherokee Nation without a valid passport from the Governor. Two of the men appealed to the US Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, which resulted in a ruling stating that only the federal government had jurisdiction over native lands, a decision which still stands.[11]

In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County's representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, Union troops foraged in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta Campaign.The Freedmen's Bureau was active in Gwinnett County during Reconstruction. In 1871, the courthouse in Lawrenceville was burned by the Ku Klux Klan in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their crimes, which included the shooting of a Black election manager in Norcross.[12]

Early in the county's history, gold mining was a minor industry. The Gwinnett Manufacturing Company, a cotton textile factory, operated in Lawrenceville in the 1850s through 1865, when it burned. The Bona Allen Company in Buford, Georgia produced saddles, harnesses and other leather goods from 1873 to 1981.

The northeastern part of Gwinnett County was removed in 1914 to form a part of the new Barrow County.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (1.5%) is water.[13] The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state.

It is located along the Eastern Continental Divide. A portion of the county to the northwest is a part of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area chain.

Allocation of water from the regional reservoir, Lake Lanier, at the extreme north of the county, has been subject to the Tri-state water dispute.

The southern and central portions of Gwinnett County are located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Most of the county's northern edge, from south of Peachtree Corners to north of Buford, is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's eastern edge, north and south of Dacula, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin.[14]

Adjacent counties

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Demographics

Gwinnett County is often cited as one of the counties in the US that has demographically changed the most rapidly. As recently as 1990, over 90% of Gwinnett County's population was white. By 2007, the county was considered majority-minority county.[16] [17]

Gwinnett County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
!Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)!Pop 2000[18] !Pop 2010[19] ![20] !% 2000!% 2010!
White alone (NH)394,164354,316style='background: #ffffe6; 310,58344.00%style='background: #ffffe6;
Black or African American alone (NH)76,837184,122style='background: #ffffe6;257,124style='background: #ffffe6;
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)1,0571,535style='background: #ffffe6;1,532style='background: #ffffe6;
Asian alone (NH)42,18084,763style='background: #ffffe6;126,526style='background: #ffffe6;
Pacific Islander alone (NH)211343style='background: #ffffe6;387style='background: #ffffe6;
Other race alone (NH)1,0992,489style='background: #ffffe6;6,489style='background: #ffffe6;
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)8,76315,718style='background: #ffffe6;33,961style='background: #ffffe6;
Hispanic or Latino (any race)64,137162,035style='background: #ffffe6;220,460style='background: #ffffe6;
Total588,448805,321style='background: #ffffe6;957,062100.00%100.00%style='background: #ffffe6;100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 957,062 people, 301,471 households, and 230,960 families residing in the county.

In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $63,219 and the median income for a family was $70,767. Males had a median income of $48,671 versus $39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.[21]

Economy

Government and politics

See also: Gwinnett County Police Department. Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions.

Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The Chair of the Board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The board hires a county administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. Some of the local Gwinnett city budgets have recently come under increasing scrutiny of the General Funds allocated to police services. Cities such as Duluth have allocated as much as forty percent of their city budgets, reaching some of the highest levels in the nation.[35] Solutions to high spending being discussed include additional “investment in mental health, housing, youth development and living wages would stabilize communities and prove more effective than policing.”[36]

In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges.

Gwinnett County has the largest public school system in the state of Georgia. Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county.

For most of the time from 1964 to 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only Democrat to carry the county in this period was former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who carried Gwinnett County during his sweep of every county in the state. However, the Republican edge narrowed, and then eventually was eliminated, in the 2010s as the county, as well as the rest of the Atlanta metro area, became larger and more diverse. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in 40 years and the first non-Georgian Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960, doing so by 5.9 points. This was due to changing demographics, with white college educated voters as well, as a white flight out of the county. In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide. The Democratic trend became even more apparent in 2020, when Joe Biden won the county by 18.2 points, the best showing for a non-Georgian Democrat since Kennedy's 73.50%.

Raphael Warnock earned 62.8% of the vote here in the 2022 Senate runoff election, substantially improving upon Biden's result.

Gwinnett County is one of six "reverse pivot counties", counties that voted Republican in 2008 and 2012, and voted Democratic in 2016 and 2020.[37]

Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners

District Name Party First elected Incorporated Cities of Gwinnett County represented[38]
 At-Large (Chair)Nicole Love HendricksonDemocratic2020All
 1Kirkland CardenDemocratic2020Duluth, Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Suwanee, Norcross
 2Ben KuDemocratic2018Lilburn, Unincorporated Tucker, Unincorporated Stone Mountain, Unincorporated Norcross, Unincorporated Lawrenceville
 3Jasper Watkins IIIDemocratic2020Auburn, Braselton, Dacula, Lawrenceville, Grayson, Loganville, Snellville
 4Matthew HoltkampRepublican2022Buford, Lawrenceville, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee

United States Congress

SenatorsNamePartyFirst ElectedLevel
 Senate Class 2Jon OssoffDemocratic2021Senior Senator
 Senate Class 3Raphael WarnockDemocratic2021Junior Senator
RepresentativesNamePartyFirst ElectedArea(s) of Gwinnett County represented
 District 6Rich McCormickRepublican2022Sugar Hill, Buford, Suwanee
 District 7Lucy McBathDemocratic2018Peachtree Corners, Duluth, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Suwanee, Loganville, Snellville, Norcross, Grayson, Dacula
 District 9Andrew ClydeRepublican2020Buford, Suwanee, Sugar Hill, Lawrenceville

Georgia General Assembly

Georgia State Senate

DistrictNamePartyFirst ElectedArea(s) of Gwinnett County represented
 5Sheikh RahmanDemocratic2018Peachtree Corners, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Norcross
 7Nabilah IslamDemocratic2022Norcross, Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Suwanee, Lawrenceville
 9Nikki MerrittDemocratic2020Grayson, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Loganville, Mountain Park, Snellville
 40Sally HarrellDemocratic2018Peachtree Corners, Norcross
 41Kim JacksonDemocratic2020Mountain Park
 45Clint DixonRepublican2020Auburn, Braselton, Buford, Lawrenceville, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee, Dacula
 46Bill CowsertRepublican2006Dacula
 48Shawn StillRepublican2022Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Lawrenceville, Norcross, Suwanee
 55Gloria ButlerDemocratic1998Grayson, Loganville, Mountain Park, Snellville

Georgia House of Representatives

DistrictNamePartyFirst ElectedArea(s) of Gwinnett County represented
 30Derrick McCollumRepublican2022Braselton
 48Scott HiltonRepublican2016Peachtree Corners
 88Billy MitchellDemocratic2002Peachtree Corners, Lilburn
 94Karen BennettDemocratic2012Mountain Park
 95Dar'shun KendrickDemocratic2018Snellville
 96Pedro MarinDemocratic2002Peachtree Corners, Duluth, Norcross
 97Ruwa RommanDemocratic2022Norcross, Berkeley Lake, Peachtree Corners, Duluth
 98Marvin LimDemocratic2020Lilburn, Norcross
 99Matt ReevesRepublican2022Sugar Hill, Duluth, Suwanee
 100David ClarkRepublican2022Buford, Suwanee, Sugar Hill, Rest Haven
 101Gregg KennardDemocratic2018Lawrenceville, Suwanee
 102Gabe OkoyeDemocratic2022Lawrenceville
 103Soo HongRepublican2022Buford, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
 104Chuck EfstrationRepublican2012Auburn, Dacula, Lawrenceville
 105Farooq MughalDemocratic2022Buford, Lawrenceville, Dacula
 106Shelly HutchinsonDemocratic2022Snellville
 107Sam ParkDemocratic2016Lawrenceville
 108Jasmine ClarkDemocratic2018Lilburn, Mountain Park
 109Dewey McClainDemocratic2016Lilburn
 110Segun AdeyinaDemocratic2022Grayson, Loganville
 111Rey MartinezRepublican2022Dacula

Hospitals

Media

The county's main newspaper is the Gwinnett Daily Post.

The Spanish language newspaper El Nuevo Georgia has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.[39] [40]

Telemundo Atlanta and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are both based in Gwinnett.

Parks

Gwinnett County Parks and Recreation operates and maintains parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, golf courses and recreation centers in the county. The department also runs recreational and educational programs.[41] The parks system has won many awards such as the gold medal in 2008 from American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration and National Recreation and Park Association. They were also finalists in 1999, 2006, and 2014.[42] The system has also been cited to use STEM by NRPA.[43]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Gwinnett County Public Schools operates the public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District. There are 143 schools in the district—21 high schools, 29 middle schools, 80 elementary schools and 13 specialty schools, making it the largest school district in Georgia.

There is a charter school in Peachtree Corners, International Charter Academy of Georgia.

Private education

Closed

Colleges and universities

Sports

Minor-league affiliates of the NHL Nashville Predators and the MLB Atlanta Braves play home games and talent scout in the area.

In 2016, the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League relocated from Minnesota and began playing games at Infinite Energy Arena. The team won the league championship in 2017.

Georgia Force of Arena Football League had also played at Arena at Gwinnett Center before the team folded in 2012.

ClubSportLeagueVenueFoundedTitles
Atlanta GladiatorsIce hockeyalign=center ECHLGas South Arenaalign=center 19950
Gwinnett StripersBaseballalign=center International LeagueCoolray Fieldalign=center 20090
Georgia SwarmLacrossealign=center National Lacrosse LeagueGas South Arenaalign=center 20041

Gwinnett also hosts the Gwinnett Lions Rugby Football Club, a Division 3 Men's Rugby Team competing in the Georgia Rugby Union.[48]

Transportation

Airport

The county maintains a regional airport under the name Gwinnett County Airport, formerly Briscoe Field. The closest major airport serving the region is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

Major roads and expressways

See main article: Ronald Reagan Parkway.

Transit systems

Pedestrians and cycling

In 2015, Peachtree Corners conducted a Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) survey which indicated public desire for more multi-use trails. Beginning in 2016, Peachtree Corners has been in the process of constructing 11.5 miles of multi-use trails within the city limits.

In 2016, Suwanee unveiled the first Bike Share program in Gwinnett County.[57]

Notable people

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: About Gwinnett. Gwinnettcounty.com. en. May 26, 2017. July 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170701205539/https://www.gwinnettcounty.com/portal/gwinnett/AboutGwinnett. live.
  2. Web site: Population estimates, July 1, 2018, (V2018). Census.gov. en. June 22, 2019. June 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622200731/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/gwinnettcountygeorgia/IPE120217. live.
  3. Web site: City of Lawrenceville, Georgia - Home Page. Lawrencevillega.org. June 29, 2016. June 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110623202216/http://www.lawrencevillega.org/. live.
  4. Book: The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States . Govt. Print. Off. . Gannett, Henry . 1905 . 146.
  5. Web site: Journal . Matt Vasilogambros, National . April 2, 2015 . The Most Diverse County in the Southeast Is Run Almost Entirely by White Politicians . November 24, 2023 . The Atlantic . en.
  6. Web site: Most diverse counties in Georgia . November 24, 2023 . Stacker . en.
  7. News: 2023 Most Diverse Counties in Georgia . November 24, 2023 . Niche . en.
  8. Web site: Explore Census Data . November 24, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  9. Web site: D'Angelo. James J.. July 15, 2011. Fort Daniel. October 23, 2020. New Georgia Encyclopedia. en. October 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023210006/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/fort-daniel. live.
  10. Web site: History of Gwinnett County. Gwinnetths.org. Gwinnett Historical Society. December 19, 2014. December 23, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223062123/http://www.gwinnetths.org/history.html. live.
  11. Book: Gagnon, Michael. Gwinnett County: A Bicentennial Celebration. Gwinnett Historical Society. 2018. Gwinnett Historical Society.
  12. Holman. Tyler. 2018. A Destructive Conflagration. Georgia Backroads. 17. 4. 39–43.
  13. Web site: US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990. United States Census Bureau. April 23, 2011. February 12, 2011. July 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220716004148/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html. live.
  14. Web site: Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience . Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission . November 18, 2015 . October 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181003004639/http://www.gaswcc.org/maps/ . live .
  15. Web site: Gwinnett County man files lawsuits to stop new City of Mulberry . June 11, 2024 .
  16. News: Estep. Tyler. November 24, 2017. In deeply diverse Gwinnett, white residents confront minority status. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. June 8, 2020. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608224643/https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/deeply-diverse-gwinnett-white-residents-confront-minority-status/BQXjuWUwGW0tMQNyf4hQTO/. live.
  17. News: April 12, 2017. Gwinnett's transformation: Just 14 percent white by 2050?. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. June 8, 2020. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608224644/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/deeply-diverse-gwinnett-still-has-its-racial-tensions/qK5w5uyur5yGBVcDcf22rO/. live.
  18. Web site: P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Gwinnett County, Georgia. United States Census Bureau.
  19. Web site: P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gwinnett County, Georgia . United States Census Bureau.
  20. Web site: P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gwinnett County, Georgia . United States Census Bureau.
  21. Web site: DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . December 29, 2015 . . https://archive.today/20200213033457/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US13135 . February 13, 2020. dead .
  22. "Contact Us ." American Megatrends. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.
  23. News: Environmental technology nonprofit relocating to Peachtree Corners . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution / Cox Media Group . April 15, 2019 . Huppertz . Karen . July 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100120/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/environmental-technology-nonprofit-relocating-peachtree-corners/Ao2A7vL1tmtfQYdxQ3fInK/ . live .
  24. News: Huppertz. Karen. New Comcast headquarters will bring 150 new jobs to Peachtree Corners. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. October 25, 2017. March 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200325054604/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/new-comcast-headquarters-will-bring-150-new-jobs-peachtree-corners/XFacQ44lTxYthUyjUllw3J/. live.
  25. Web site: Economic Development. peachtreecornersga.gov. City of Peachtree Corners. October 23, 2017. December 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212205632/https://www.peachtreecornersga.gov/businesses/economic-development. live.
  26. News: MassMutual moves from Perimeter to Peachtree Corners . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution / Cox Media Group . April 15, 2019 . Huppertz . Karen . August 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200803215558/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/massmutual-moves-from-perimeter-peachtree-corners/Iqmd9itUYoanJQrP9esLjO/ . live .
  27. Web site: Mason . Mike . Peachtree Corners Continues to Prosper . https://web.archive.org/web/20190715045925/https://files.constantcontact.com/08b27db1401/e08fa0c2-6d51-4825-bc8c-76db351a4803.pdf . July 15, 2019 . live . files.constantcontact.com . Peachtree Corners, GA . July 15, 2019. July 2019.
  28. Web site: United Arab Shipping Company Relocates North American Headquarters Creating 160 Jobs in Gwinnett County. Cresa.com. March 25, 2020. July 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054657/https://www.cresa.com/united-arab-shipping-company-relocates-north-american-headquarters-creating-160-jobs-in-gwinnett-county. dead.
  29. Web site: Hapag-Lloyd and UASC complete merger. hapag-lloyd.com. Hapag-Lloyd. October 23, 2017. August 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170819060814/https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/news-insights/transition/2017/05/hapag-lloyd-and-uasc-complete-merger.html. dead.
  30. Web site: Praised for Quality: High Distinctions for Hapag-Lloyd - Hapag-Lloyd received a number of prestigious awards in September. In addition to being praised for its quality and products as a carrier, the company was also honored for rescuing people stranded at sea. . hapag-lloyd.com . Hapag-Lloyd AG . December 12, 2019 . December 12, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191212202624/https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/news-insights/insights/2016/10/high-distinctions-for-hapag-lloyd.html . live .
  31. "Contact Us ." Primerica. Retrieved on January 5, 2010.
  32. Web site: GET TO KNOW THE USTA SECTIONS. usta.com. United States Tennis Association. October 25, 2017. March 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200325054555/https://www.usta.com/en/home/about-usta/who-we-are/national/get-to-know-the-usta-sections.html. live.
  33. "Contact Us ." Waffle House.that doesent make sense Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  34. Woods, Mark. "If this is what it gets to, it's bad ." The Florida Times-Union. May 3, 2009. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  35. Web site: CITY OF DULUTH GEORGIA : ANNUAL BUDGET REPORT : FISCAL YEAR 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052408/https://www.duluthga.net/departments/1budget_and_finance/docs/FY%202017%20budgetfinal.pdf . June 18, 2018 . live. Duluthga.net. July 12, 2018.
  36. Web site: How Much Do U.S. Cities Spend Every Year On Policing? [Infographic]]. Niall. McCarthy. Forbes.com. June 18, 2018. June 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180618025934/https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/08/07/how-much-do-u-s-cities-spend-every-year-on-policing-infographic/#4ce45f91e7b7. live.
  37. Web site: Reverse-Pivot Counties: The counties that voted McCain-Romney-Clinton from 2008-2016 . May 29, 2020 . November 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201105072046/https://ballotpedia.org/Reverse-Pivot_Counties:_The_counties_that_voted_McCain-Romney-Clinton_from_2008-2016 . live .
  38. Web site: Commission District Map . August 23, 2019 . August 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190823172752/https://www.gwinnettcounty.com/web/gwinnett/departments/boardofcommissioners/districtmap . live .
  39. "Contáctenos ." El Nuevo Georgia. Retrieved on September 18, 2012.
  40. "Media Kit 2011." (Archive) El Nuevo Georgia. p. 7. Retrieved on September 18, 2012. "5855 Jimmy Carter Blvd. Norcross, GA 30071"
  41. Web site: Parks and Recreation . 2024-05-09 . Gwinnett . en-US.
  42. Web site: gwinnettdailypost.com . Curt Yeomans curt yeomans@ . 2023-05-01 . Gwinnett is a finalist for title of nation's top parks and recreation department . 2024-05-09 . Gwinnett Daily Post . en.
  43. Web site: STEM in Parks and Recreation National Recreation and Park Association . 2024-05-09 . www.nrpa.org . en.
  44. "Map" (Map). Seigakuin Atlanta International School. Retrieved on January 11, 2012. "5505 Winters Chapel Road, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA"
  45. "Relocating school has Japan ties ." Atlanta Journal-Constitution. September 29, 2002. JJ1. Retrieved on January 11, 2012.
  46. "History ." Seigakuin Atlanta International School. Retrieved on January 11, 2012.
  47. Web site: Trevecca to offer adult, graduate degree programs in Atlanta area . Church of the Nazarene . February 2018 . January 15, 2020 . January 15, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200115023545/https://nazarene.org/article/trevecca-offer-adult-graduate-degree-programs-atlanta-area . live .
  48. Web site: About – Gwinnett Lions Rugby . June 26, 2022 . en-US . January 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220127234546/http://gwinnettrugby.com/about/ . live .
  49. Web site: Norcross GA Bus Station - Greyhound. locations.greyhound.com. May 29, 2018. May 29, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180529225918/http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/US/Norcross/bus-station/bus-station-410784. live.
  50. News: Gwinnett's transit plans now include running heavy rail into county. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Estep. Tyler. April 13, 2018. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010707/https://www.myajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/gwinnett-transit-plans-now-include-running-heavy-rail-into-county/GtTNVMqO67qYJR5uddnIiL/. live.
  51. Web site: Gwinnett County officials proposing MARTA-style heavy rail line. Curt Yeomans. Gwinnettdailypost.com. April 12, 2018 . April 13, 2018. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109210212/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/local/gwinnett-county-officials-proposing-marta-style-heavy-rail-line/article_afebc992-43f8-51e6-ba40-3981beeebf52.html. live.
  52. Web site: Gwinnett Considers Adding heavy Rail to Transit. Bizjournals.com. July 12, 2018. February 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206071821/https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2018/04/13/gwinnett-considers-adding-heavy-rail-to-transit.html. live.
  53. Web site: Gwinnett County officials proposing MARTA-style heavy rail line. Curt Yeomans. Gwinnettdailypost.com. April 12, 2018 . April 13, 2018. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102030521/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/local/gwinnett-county-staff-proposing-marta-style-heavy-rail-line/article_afebc992-43f8-51e6-ba40-3981beeebf52.html. live.
  54. News: Gwinnett transit plan includes heavy rail connection to Doraville. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Estep. Tyler. April 13, 2018. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010858/https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/gwinnett-transit-plan-includes-heavy-rail-connection-doraville/fCfyOtiNNjXnVMzZm84LTP/. live.
  55. News: New Camp Creek Greenway bridge opens in Lilburn. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Huppertz. Karen. April 24, 2018. April 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180425032103/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/new-camp-creek-greenway-bridge-opens-lilburn/E7uP49hc7j3trvWW4VTmmI/. live.
  56. News: Gwinnett trails master plan unveiled for review. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Huppertz. Karen. April 8, 2018. April 4, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134737/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/gwinnett-trails-master-plan-unveiled-for-review/9vSWnaYS8WspKG6cXz6D9I/. live.
  57. Web site: Suwanee unveils new bike sharing stations. Curt Yeomans. Gwinnettdailypost.com. October 23, 2016 . July 22, 2017. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102030516/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/local/suwanee-unveils-new-bike-sharing-stations/article_7d80e74a-885d-581f-a73a-a8cf92ab6e86.html. live.
  58. Web site: David Andrews. May 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160821231102/http://www.georgiadogs.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/david_andrews_742365.html. August 21, 2016. dead.
  59. Web site: Gwinnett Alumni on 2020 NFL Rosters. April 15, 2021. April 16, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416002250/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/sports/gwinnett-alumni-on-2020-nfl-rosters/collection_6bfbab4a-f200-11ea-9672-8f8d43082b23.html. live.
  60. News: Gwinnett's Maya Moore to miss another WNBA season in campaign for prisoner's release. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 15, 2021. Streeter. Kurt. April 16, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416002453/https://www.ajc.com/sports/basketball/gwinnett-maya-moore-miss-another-wnba-season-campaign-for-prisoner-release/tBKxCnkoYt4Iv5tHEDNlcO/. live.
  61. Web site: Peachtree Corners' Chandler Massey Nominated for Emmy. May 15, 2013. Peachtree Corners, GA Patch. August 14, 2020. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102030521/https://patch.com/georgia/peachtreecorners/chandler-massey-nominated-for-emmy. live.
  62. Web site: Wesleyan grad Ramsey named nation's top player. www.gwinnettdailypost.com. January 28, 2015. September 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031003/http://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/news/2012/jun/26/wesleyans-ramsey-named-nations-top-player/?march_madness. live.
  63. Web site: Wesleyan grad Thompkins staying at UGA . Gwinnett Daily Post . April 14, 2010 . August 14, 2020 . March 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318203202/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/archive/wesleyan-grad-thompkins-staying-at-uga/article_49374ae3-09fe-57cc-8554-418f55b891c1.html . live .
  64. Web site: Cowboys' trade with Oakland for Brice Butler finalized. November 2, 2015. Irving, TX ESPN.com. August 14, 2020. November 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104455/https://www.espn.com/blog/dallas-cowboys/post/_/id/4746674/cowboys-trade-with-oakland-for-brice-butler-finalized. live.
  65. Web site: Jodie Meeks is Wizards latest shot to help beleaguered bench. July 13, 2017. Washington, DC The Washington Times. August 14, 2020. April 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210417100050/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jul/13/wizards-officially-announce-signing-free-agent-gua/. live.

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