| Gwiin Jo 귀인 조씨 | |
| Succession: | Royal Noble Consort of the First Junior Rank |
| Reign: | 1649 – 24 January 1652 |
| Reign-Type: | Tenure |
| Religion: | Korean Buddhism |
| Dynasty: | House of Yi (by marriage) |
| House-Type: | Clan |
| Father: | Jo Gi |
| Mother: | Han Ok, Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan |
| Spouse: | Injo of Joseon |
| Issue: | Princess Hyomyeong Prince Sungseon Prince Nakseon |
| Birth Date: | 1619 |
| Birth Place: | Joseon |
| Death Date: | 24 January 1652 (aged 34–35) |
| Death Place: | Hanseong, Joseon |
| House: | Okcheon Jo clan (by birth) Jeonju Yi clan (by marriage) |
| Consort: | yes |
| Hangul: | 귀인 조씨 |
| Rr: | Gwiin Jossi |
| Mr: | Kwiin Chossi |
| Korean name | |
Jo (; 1619 – 24 January 1652)[1] of the, widely known as Jo, was a concubine of King Injo of Joseon. She is one of the best-known femme fatales in Korean history.[2]
She was initially arranged to become the maid of a lord's daughter, but instead became a palace woman. She used to serve Queen Inryeol's brother-in-law, and the Queen was the one who arranged for her to enter the palace.
She caught King Injo's eye, and became his favourite consort overnight; her rank also changed rapidly, from the lowest to,,, and was finally declared as a royal consort of the first junior rank, .[3]
No one could beat her in terms of receiving the King’s affection; both Queen Jangryeol of the Yangju Jo clan and Jang failed to receive Injo’s love.
Her personality was described as that of a sensual but cunning woman, and those who were in her bad book would not be safe in front of the King. Because of this, people inside the palace were very afraid of her. It was rumored that Lady Jo disturbed the relationship between Injo and Queen Jangryeol, with the intention to tear them apart.
Lady Jo harbored hatred towards the family of Yi Wang, Crown Prince Sohyeon, particularly Crown Princess Minhoe. Since the day she reached the rank of, she would badmouth them in front of Injo and it became a common thing for her to slander them with false accusations. Although there was no record of her involvement with Crown Prince Sohyeon’s death, her slanders did not stop after the prince passed away. Because of that, Crown Princess Minhoe suspected Jo of poisoning her husband.[4]
Lady Jo accused the Crown Princess of attempting to poison Injo, leading to the princess’ execution. The acupuncturist who treated Prince Sohyeon before his death was Yi Hyeong-ik, who was rumored to be in a relationship with Lady Jo's mother. There was even a record about this.
After Injo's death, she was discovered to be involved in an attempt to put a curse on Queen Jangryeol and on the Queen's niece. Kim Ja-jeom was her accomplice and was executed. King Hyojong decided to spare the life of Princess Hyomyeong, his half-sister, since she was not involved in the incident. Lady Jo was sentenced to death by poisoning and her mother, who was also an accomplice, died before she could receive her punishment. There were officials suggesting for Jo to be stripped of her position as a royal consort but out of respect for his father, who treasured her, King Hyojong did not go through with the idea.[5]
She had a daughter and two sons with King Injo.