Guangzhou F.C. Explained

Clubname:Guangzhou
Upright:0.70
Fullname:Guangzhou Football Club
Founded:[1]
Nickname:South China Tigers (华南虎)[2]
Ground:Huadu Stadium
Capacity:13,394
Chairman:Xu Jiayin
Manager:Salva Suay
Mgrtitle:Head coach
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Guangzhou F.C.
S:广州足球俱乐部
T:廣州足球俱樂部
P:Guǎngzhōu Zúqiú Jùlèbù
Y:Gwóngjāu zūk kaù lokh bouh
J:Gwong2 zau1 zuk1 kau4 keoi1 lok6 bou6
Showflag:jyp

Guangzhou Football Club, previously Guangzhou Evergrande, is a Chinese professional football club based in Guangzhou, Guangdong, that competes in . Guangzhou plays its home matches at the Huadu Stadium, located within Huadu District. The club's majority shareholders are the now bankrupt Evergrande Real Estate Group (56.71%) and the e-commerce company Alibaba Group (37.81%),[3] [4] [5] [6] while the rest of the shares are traded in the Chinese OTC system.

The club was founded in 1954, and won several second tier titles before turning professional in 1993. Their results improved, leading to a runners-up spot in China's top tier. Unable to improve upon these results, the club went through a period of stagnation and decline before they experienced a brief revival, when they won the 2007 second division. In 2009, the club was embroiled in a match-fixing scandal and was subsequently relegated. In 2010, the Evergrande Real Estate Group decided to purchase the club and pumped significant funds into the team. They immediately won promotion and gained their first top tier title in the 2011 season. Guangzhou are the most successful Chinese football club in continental competitions, winning the AFC Champions League twice, in 2013 and 2015, and participating in the FIFA Club World Cup in both years as a result. Between 2011 and 2017, Guangzhou won seven consecutive Chinese Super League titles, and after winning another Chinese Super League title in 2019, Guangzhou were relegated after the 2022 season.

According to a Forbes report from 2016, the team was valued at US$282 million, the highest out of all Chinese football teams, with a reported operating loss of over US$200 million in 2015.[7]

History

Early history

In June 1954, the local Guangzhou sports body founded Guangzhou Football Team to take part in the newly formed Chinese national football league.[1] They entered the club in the 1955 league season and named Luo Dizhi as their first manager. He guided them to an eighth spot finish in their debut campaign.[8] The league had grown to incorporate a second tier and their debut season performance final standing relegated them to the second division. Guangzhou won the division championship, however the Chinese Football Association decided to restructure the league at the beginning of the 1957 season and Guangzhou were denied promotion.[9] Despite this, Luo Rongman managed the team to win the 1958 second division title; however, the club were unable to gain promotion because this time they went into receivership. They were not re-established until April 1961 and were allowed to take part in the top tier. Back within the top division Guangzhou often struggled within the league and were again relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1963 league season. They remained there until 1966 when the Cultural Revolution halted football in China.[10]

Back-to-back promotions and sponsorship deal

When the Chinese football league restarted, Guangzhou took the unusual step of abstaining from the competition and instead on 26 October 1977 brought Luo Rongman to manage their youth team.[11] The team played within the National Youth League until 1980 when it was decided that they were mature enough to play in the senior football league pyramid. They started in the recently established third division. The club's youth team development immediately paid off and players such as Mai Chao, Zhao Dayu and later Wu Qunli all rapidly rose into Chinese international footballers. Guangzhou gained successive promotions until they reached the top tier. At the end of the 1982 league season Guangzhou were relegated again. They returned to the top division at the end of the 1984 season via the Chinese FA Cup. Guangzhou also became the first Chinese team to gain sponsorship when the Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Factory signed a $200,000 annual deal with the club.[12]

Becoming fully professional and match-fixing scandal

Throughout the 1990s, the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from their football teams. Guangzhou was one of the first fully professional football clubs in China after the Apollo Group took over the club on 8 January 1993. The investment aided the manager Zhou Sui'an to help create a competitive squad. Hu Zhijun won the top goalscoring award. Guangzhou were able to gain a runners-up spot in the 1994 league season.[13] The following season Zhou Sui'an left the team after having twice guided the club to a runners-up position within the league and a runners-up spot against Shanghai in the 1991 Chinese FA Cup. After his exit, the club were unable to replicate the same results. When influential international footballers Peng Weiguo and Hu Zhijun left the club, the team went into free fall and were relegated at the end of the 1998 league season.[14] With the management concerned about the team's performance, an investigation was launched which discovered that Wen Junwu and three other players were in collusion with gambling groups and were immediately expelled from the club.[15] In 2001, the Guangzhou Sports Bureau took over the club again. With significant investment coming from the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd it was hoped that the club could push for promotion. The division was rocked by a match-fixing scandal involving Changchun Yatai, Chengdu Wuniu, Jiangsu Sainty, and Zhejiang Greentown. Guangzhou's new sponsors Geely immediately pulled their funding from the team to distance themselves from the bad publicity.[16] The club went through a tough transitional period until the Sunray Cave Group took over the club in 2004 and started to invest money in hopes of pushing for promotion.[17] When the Guangzhou Pharmaceuticals group took over the club in 2006, they were able to realize the ambition of gaining promotion. The club won the 2007 second division title and entry to the Chinese Super League.[18] In February 2010, Guangzhou was relegated back to the China League One in the fallout of a match-fixing scandal despite having achieved a ninth-place finish in the 2009 season.[19] The match in question was the 19 August 2006 league game against Shanxi Wosen Luhu, which Guangzhou won 5–1 when they were still playing in the China League One. It was discovered by the police that the Guangzhou general manager Yang Xu paid ¥200,000 to the opposing general manager Wang Po to secure a win at home and that Guangzhou's vice presidents Wu Xiaodong and Xie Bin knew about it.[20] With the offending participants sentenced to jail for fraud, the club was put up for sale.[21] On 28 February 2010, Evergrande Real Estate Group took over the club for a fee of ¥100 million. Xu Jiayin, chairman of Evergrande Real Estate Group, said that they would pump more funds into the transfer market.[22] His first act was to sign in Chinese national team striker Gao Lin from Shanghai Shenhua for a reported fee of ¥6 million. Then, he replaced the head coach Peng Weiguo with former Beijing Guoan manager Lee Jang-soo with no indication. In the 2010 summer transfer window, the club signed Sun Xiang, the first Chinese footballer to play in the UEFA Champions League with PSV Eindhoven, and the Chinese national team captain Zheng Zhi on 28 June 2010. On 30 June 2010, Guangzhou confirmed that they had signed Muriqui on a four-year deal from Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Atlético Mineiro with a domestic record fee of ¥23 million.[23] On 30 October 2010, Guangzhou became League One champions for the second time and returned to the Super League after a 3–1 win against Hunan Billows.[24]

Domestic domination and international success

During the 2011 season, Guangzhou Evergrande further strengthened its squad with the purchase of Argentinean Dario Conca and Brazilian Cléo.[25] Although the team was promoted to the Super League in the first year, they clinched the league title in late September 2011 although there were four games yet to play.[26] In March 2012, Guangzhou played and won their first-ever AFC Champions League match, defeating South Korean champions Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 5–1.[27] In addition, Paraguayan Lucas Barrios left the German champions Borussia Dortmund in summer 2012 to join Guangzhou Evergrande.[28] Marcello Lippi replaced Lee Jang-soo as the head coach and brought in South Korean defender Kim Young-gwon and Chinese midfielder Huang Bowen.[29] Guangzhou was knocked out of the 2012 AFC Champions League when they lost 5–4 on aggregate to Al-Ittihad in the quarter-finals.[30] They became the first Chinese side to reach the quarter-finals since 2006. During the 2012 season, Guangzhou won the league for the second time in a row, becoming the first team in China to win the Super League title twice in a row, while also securing the Chinese FA Cup to become double winners for 2012.[31]

In the 2013 season, Guangzhou Evergrande strengthened their squad by signing Chinese goalkeeper Zeng Cheng and Brazilian Elkeson.[32] [33] This proved to be beneficial to Guangzhou as they became the first team in China to win the Super League three times in a row.[34] The club also won the 2013 AFC Champions League by defeating FC Seoul in the final on the away goals rule, after drawing 2–2 in the first leg in Seoul and 1–1 in the second leg in Guangzhou, becoming the first Chinese side to win the tournament since 1990.[35] By winning the AFC Champions League, Guangzhou was assured a place in the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup, entering in the quarter-finals, beating the African champions Al-Ahly 2–0.[36] In the semi-finals, they were defeated by the European champions Bayern Munich 3–0.[37] In the third place match, the club lost against the South American champions Atlético Mineiro 3–2 and finished in fourth place.[38] Guangzhou won its fourth and fifth consecutive Chinese Super League titles in 2014 and 2015, respectively.[39] On 21 November 2015, the club won its second continental championship, defeating Al-Ahli 1–0 on aggregate in the 2015 AFC Champions League Final.[40] In the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, Guangzhou won 2–1 against Club América in the quarter-finals before losing 3–0 against Barcelona in the semi-finals.[41] [42] Guangzhou also lost the third place match 2–1 against Hiroshima Sanfrecce, ending up in the same position as in the 2013 edition.[43] By 2020, Guangzhou Evergrande won a total of eight Super League championships, including seven consecutive titles from 2011 to 2017.[44] [45]

Financial troubles and relegation

Ahead of the 2021 season, the team was renamed Guangzhou FC due to the Chinese Football Association's request for "neutral" names that would omit references to the investors and companies that own the club.[46] In the same year, the Chinese financial crisis and the problems of the Evergrande Group caused the financial collapse of the club.[47] After losing several key players, the team was relegated from the Super League in 2022, ending their twelve-season stay in the top flight.[48]

Stadiums

See main article: Yuexiushan Stadium, Tianhe Stadium, Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium, Huadu Stadium and Guangzhou Football Park. Before the start of the 2023 China League One season, Guangzhou moved to Yuexiushan Stadium, the former ground of Guangzhou City.[49] Previously, they played their home games at Tianhe Stadium with a capacity for 54,856 spectators. In April 2020, construction work began on the new 100,000-capacity Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium. Completion was scheduled for December 2022, in time to host the opening ceremony of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.[50] However, due to the Chinese property sector crisis, sparked by the Evergrande Group, the project was cancelled in mid-2022.[51] On 29 February 2024, Guangzhou announced a move to the Huadu Stadium.[52]

Ownership and naming history

YearOwnerClub nameSponsored team name
1954–55Central and Southern China Institute of SportsCentral and Southern China Sports Institute Football TeamCentral and Southern China White
1955Guangzhou
1956Central and Southern China White
1956–57Guangzhou Institute of SportsGuangzhou Institute of Sports Football Team
1958Guangzhou Football Team
1959–61Guangzhou Public Security BureauGuangzhou Vanguard Football Team
1962–66Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football Team
1977–79Guangzhou Youth Football Team
1980–84Guangzhou Football Team
1985–89Guangzhou Baiyun
1989–93Guangzhou Football Club
1993–00Guangdong Apollo GroupGuangzhou Apollo Football Club
2001–02Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football ClubGuangzhou Geely
2002–03Guangzhou Xiangxue
2004–05Sunray Cave GroupGuangzhou Sunray Cave
2006–07Guangzhou Pharmaceutical HoldingsGuangzhou GPC Football Club
2008Guangzhou GPC Zhongyi
2009Guangzhou GPC Baiyunshan
2010Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football Club
2010Evergrande Real Estate GroupGuangzhou Evergrande Football ClubGuangzhou GAC
2011–2014
2014–2015Evergrande Real Estate Group (50%→60%)
Alibaba Group (50%→40%)
Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club
2016–2020Evergrande Real Estate Group (56.71%)
Alibaba Group (37.81%)
Other shareholders in NEEQ (5.48%)
2021–Guangzhou Football Club

Sponsorship

Kit manufacturers

PeriodKit manufacturer
1994Umbro
1995Reebok
1996Diadora
1997Reebok
1998–2005Ucan
2006–2007Godedke
2008–2023Nike
2024–Kelme

Rivalries

See main article: Guangzhou derby. When professionalism was established within the Chinese football leagues in 1994, it allowed more than one team to play within each region. This saw the establishment of Guangzhou Matsunichi which used to be the youth academy of Guangzhou FC before being sold to Matsunichi Digital Holdings Limited.[53] Direct ties between these two teams also saw them share the Yuexiushan Stadium. In their first meeting in the first round of the 1995 Chinese FA Cup, Matsunichi beat Guangzhou FC 4–3 on aggregate.[54] For a brief period during the 1998 season, both teams were in the top tier with Matsunichi finishing higher than Guangzhou FC; however, the rivalry would reach its peak and subsequent conclusion during the 2000 season with both clubs in the second tier fighting relegation. On 15 July 2000, Guangzhou FC won 3–1 against Matsunichi which inevitably helped lead to Matsunichi's relegation, causing Matsunichi to disband at the end of the season.[55] [56]

When Guangzhou R&F moved to the city of Guangzhou, a local derby, often referred to as the Canton derby, was born.[57] The first Canton derby was at Yuexiushan Stadium on 16 March 2012 as Guangzhou Evergrande lost 2–0 against Guangzhou R&F.<ref>Web site: 张烁张远联袂发威 富力再爆冷2–0恒大 . sports.sohu.com. 16 March 2012. 17 November 2015. Relations between the two club owners remain cordial off the pitch and club owners Xu Jiayin and Zhang Li were seen enjoying a meal together instead of watching the second derby in 2012, which Guangzhou R&F also won.[58] [59]

Players

First-team squad

[60]

Coaching staff

PositionName
Head coach Salva Suay
Assistant coach Niu Zhenning
Assistant coach Zhao Yuxiang
Goalkeeping coach Marc Franquesa Puig
Fitness coach Sergio Manuel Pou Rodriguez
Source:[60]

Managerial history

Amateur period (1954–1993)

 
ManagerPeriod
Luo Dizhi1954–1956
Zeng Peifu1956
Zheng Deyao1956
Luo Rongman1956–1961
Li Wenjun1964
Lin Xiaocai1966–1976
Luo Rongman1977
Feng Meilu1977
 
ManagerPeriod
Luo Rongman1978–1982
Cai Tangyao1983–1984
Chen Yiming1985
Qi Wusheng1986–1988
Xie Zhiguang1989
Chen Yiming1990
Zhou Sui'an1991–1993

Professional period (1994–present)

ManagerPeriodHonours
Zhou Sui'an[61] 1994 – 7 June 1995
Zhang Jingtian[62] 8 June 1995 – 28 December 1995
Xie ZhiguangJanuary 1996 – 15 April 1996
Xian Dixiong[63] 16 April 1996 – December 1996
Chen Yiming[64] January 1997 – 13 August 1997
Mai Chao[65] 13 August 1997 – 12 June 1998
Chen Xirong[66] 12 June 1998 – 4 May 1999
Zhao Dayu[67] 5 May 1999 – December 1999
Gildo Rodrigues[68] January 2000 – 19 April 2000
Zhou Sui'an19 April 2000 – 23 September 2000
Edson Tavares (caretaker)[69] 13 November 2000 – 11 December 2000
Liu Kang[70] 11 December 2000 – 25 July 2001
Zhou Sui'an25 July 2001 – 2 September 2002
Wu Qunli[71] 2 September 2002 – 19 December 2002
Zhou Sui'an19 December 2002 – 18 February 2003
Mai Chao18 February 2003 – 31 October 2005
Drago Mamić (caretaker)[72] 25 November 2005 – 25 February 2006
Qi Wusheng[73] 25 February 2006 – 31 December 2006
Shen Xiangfu[74] 4 January 2007 – 30 November 20092007 China League One
Peng Weiguo (caretaker)[75] 1 December 2009 – 25 March 2010
Lee Jang-soo[76] 25 March 2010 – 16 May 20122010 China League One
2011 Chinese Super League
2012 Chinese FA Super Cup
Marcello Lippi[77] 17 May 2012 – 2 November 20142012 Chinese Super League
2012 Chinese FA Cup
2013 Chinese Super League
2013 AFC Champions League
2014 Chinese Super League
Fabio Cannavaro[78] 5 November 2014 – 4 June 2015
Luiz Felipe Scolari[79] 4 June 2015 – 5 November 20172015 Chinese Super League
2015 AFC Champions League
2016 Chinese FA Super Cup
2016 Chinese Super League
2016 Chinese FA Cup
2017 Chinese FA Super Cup
2017 Chinese Super League
Fabio Cannavaro[80] 9 November 2017 – 28 September 20212018 Chinese FA Super Cup
2019 Chinese Super League
Zheng Zhi (caretaker)[81] 7 December 2021 – January 2022
Liu Zhiyu[82] 4 May 2022 – 14 August 2022
Zheng Zhi[83] 14 August 2022 – 30 March 2023
Liu Zhiyu[84] 30 March 2023 – 5 June 2023
Salva Suay[85] 6 June 2023 – present

Honours

All-time honours list, including those achieved during the club's semi-professional period.[86] [87]

Domestic

League

Cups

International

Results

All-time league rankings

[88] [89]

YearDivPtsPos.FA CupSuper CupLeague CupAFCOther
1955 1 10 3 1 6 12 33 −21 7 8
1956 2 5 4 1 0 13 1 +12 14 bgcolor=gold1 DNQ
1957 2 5
1958 2 5 4 1 0 13 5 +8 14 bgcolor=gold1
1961 1
1962 1 7 1 4 2 4 5 –1 6 25
1963 1 8 0 3 5 4 14 –10 3 20
1964 2 7
1965 2 6
1980 3 8 3 4 1 13 4 +9 10 bgcolor=silver2
1981 2 30 24 6 48 bgcolor=gold1
1982 1 30 9 21 23 53 −30 18 15
1983 2 15 11 4 22 bgcolor=silver2
1984 2 3 8th
1985 1 15 8 7 +6 17 7 4th DNQ
1986 1 14 6 4 4 14 13 +1 16 7 DNE DNQ
1 14 5 1 8 14 19 −516 7 DNQ
1 25 10 10 5 32 19 +13 43 7 DNQ
1 14 1 5 8 8 22 −14 10 8 DNQ
1990 2 22 8 11 3 27 15 +12 35 bgcolor=silver2 R1 DNQ
1 14 4 7 3 16 13 +3 16 4 bgcolor=silverRU DNQ
1 14 8 2 4 19 15 +4 18 bgcolor=silver2 R1 DNQ
1 6 2 0/3 1 8 7 +1 4 8 DNQ
1 22 11 5 6 36 27 +9 27 bgcolor=silver2 DNQ
1 22 7 7 8 28 27 +1 28 5 R1 DNQ DNQ
1 22 7 8 7 26 25 +1 29 7 R16 DNQ DNQ
1 22 5 10 7 14 20 −6 25 8 R16 DNQ DNQ
1 26 4 8 14 25 41 −16 20 14 R1 DNQ DNQ
1999 2 22 6 8 8 26 30 −4 26 8 R2 DNQ DNQ
2000 2 22 6 7 9 27 27 0 25 10 R1 DNQ DNQ
2001 2 22 11 7 4 31 16 +15 40 4 R1 DNQ DNQ
2002 2 22 4 9 9 23 30 −7 21 11 R1 DNQ DNQ
2003 2 26 13 9 4 40 20 +20 48 3 R1 DNQ DNQ
2004 2 32 12 16 4 47 29 +18 52 4 R1 DNQ DNQ
2005 2 26 15 7 4 50 22 +28 52 4 R2 DNQ DNQ
2006 2 24 15 3 6 45 25 +20 48 3 R2 DNQ
2 24 19 4 1 65 15 +50 61 bgcolor=gold1 DNQ
1 30 10 10 10 41 42 −1 40 7 DNQ
1 30 9 10 11 38 38 0 37 9 DNQ
2 24 17 6 1 61 21 +40 57 bgcolor=gold1 DNQ
1 30 20 8 2 67 23 +44 68 bgcolor=gold1 R2 DNQ
1 30 17 7 6 51 30 +21 58 bgcolor=gold1 bgcolor=goldW bgcolor=goldW
1 30 24 5 1 78 18 +60 77 bgcolor=gold1 bgcolor=silverRU bgcolor=silverRU bgcolor=goldW 4th
1 30 22 4 4 76 28 +48 70 bgcolor=gold1 R4 bgcolor=silverRU
1 30 19 10 1 71 28 +43 67 bgcolor=gold1 R3 bgcolor=silverRU bgcolor=goldW 4th
1 30 19 7 4 62 19 +43 64 bgcolor=gold1 bgcolor=goldW bgcolor=goldW
1 30 20 4 6 69 42 +27 64 bgcolor=gold1 SF bgcolor=goldWQF
1 30 20 3 7 82 36 +46 63 2 R5 bgcolor=goldW
1 30 23 3 4 68 24 +44 72 bgcolor=gold1 QF DNQ
1 14 11 1 2 31 12 +19 34 bgcolor=silverRU R2 Cancelled
1 22 13 5 4 47 17 +30 44 3 R4
1 34 3 8 23 24 63 –39 17 17 R3
2 30 8 6 16 31 43 –12 30 12 R3 DNQ DNQ
NotesNo league games in 1959, 1966–1972, 1975, and 1976; Guangzhou did not enter the league in 1960, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, and 1979.
No promotion. In final group stage. In Changsha Group (first round). Drawn matches were decided on penalties after 90 minutes. Relegated for match-fixing scandal.
In Group A. Lost in the CSL championship final. Not played due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Key
  China top division
  China second division
  China third division
W  Winners
RU  Runners-up
  Relegated

International results

See main article: Guangzhou F.C. in international competitions.

Records and statistics

See main article: List of Guangzhou F.C. records and statistics.

International players

Names in bold indicate players who had international appearances for their countries while playing for Guangzhou.[90]

Angola

Australia

Belarus

Brazil

Cameroon

Canada

China PR

Colombia

DR Congo

Honduras

Hong Kong

Italy

Korea Republic

Nigeria

Paraguay

Peru

Romania

Serbia

Trinidad and Tobago

Uruguay

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History . gzfc.evergrande.com . Guangzhou F.C. . 23 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200225215655/https://gzfc.evergrande.com/english/about.aspx?target=text&ftid=297 . 25 February 2020.
  2. Web site: Thacker . Gary . The chaos that turned Guangzhou Evergrande into one of the biggest superpowers outside of Europe . These Football Times . 15 November 2020 . 20 January 2020.
  3. Web site: http://sports.sohu.com/20100302/n270523462.shtml. zh:恒大一亿元买断广足 管理工作仍由广州足协负责. sports.sohu.com. 2 March 2010 . 24 November 2014. zh.
  4. Web site: Alibaba buys half of Chinese soccer club for $192 mln. Reuters. 5 June 2014 . 24 November 2014.
  5. Web site: http://sports.163.com/15/0625/10/ASUSR8NU0005227R.html. zh:恒大集团增资俱乐部 股权比例由50%生至60%. sports.163.com. 25 June 2015. 1 July 2015. zh. 12 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143033/http://sports.163.com/15/0625/10/ASUSR8NU0005227R.html. dead.
  6. Web site: 2016 Half Yearly Report. 24 August 2016. 8 January 2016. National Equities Exchange and Quotations. zh.
  7. Web site: China's Ten Most Valuable Soccer Teams Are Led By Guangzhou Evergrande At $282 Million. Forbes. 18 November 2020. 10 August 2016. Sergei. Klebnikov.
  8. Web site: China 1955. RSSSF. 7 July 2013. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140607124048/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chinahist.html#55 . 7 June 2014.
  9. Web site: China 1957 . RSSSF. 7 July 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140607124048/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chinahist.html#57 . 7 June 2014.
  10. Web site: China 1963 . 8 July 2013. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140607124048/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chinahist.html#63. 7 June 2014. RSSSF.
  11. Web site: http://news.dayoo.com/sports/200901/19/53870_5217670.htm. zh:广州白云队卅年纪念赛 快乐足球忆光辉岁月. news.dayoo.com. 19 January 2009. 9 July 2013. zh. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120119102906/http://news.dayoo.com/sports/200901/19/53870_5217670.htm. 19 January 2012.
  12. Web site: http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2007-10/07/content_60853.htm. zh:广州足球冷暖五十年. gzdaily.dayoo.com. 7 October 2007. 9 July 2013. zh. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235021/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2007-10/07/content_60853.htm. 3 March 2016.
  13. Web site: China League 1994. https://web.archive.org/web/20140727150541/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/china94.html. RSSSF. 27 July 2014. 18 November 2020.
  14. Web site: China League 1998. RSSSF. 18 November 2020.
  15. Web site: Soccer-Former China player sentenced to death for murder . . en . 27 November 2008. 19 November 2020.
  16. Web site: 30年合同八个月终止 广州吉利无奈退出到底为哪般. sports.sina.com.cn. 15 December 2001. 10 July 2013. zh.
  17. Web site: 日之泉1元承接俱乐部70%股权 广州足球转让内幕. sports.sina.com.cn. 20 January 2004. 10 July 2013. zh.
  18. Web site: 广药集团正式入主广州足球 戚务生要冲超. https://web.archive.org/web/20131007072804/http://news.dayoo.com/sports/gb/content/2006-02/25/content_2419301.htm . 7 October 2013. news.dayoo.com. 25 February 2006. 10 July 2013. zh.
  19. Web site: Chengdu Blades demoted. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105100718/https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1172760.html. 5 November 2013. fifa.com. FIFA. 23 February 2010. 7 July 2013.
  20. Web site: 广州足协官员接受调查 公安部督办恐与赌球有关. https://web.archive.org/web/20091108051446/http://sports.163.com/09/1104/05/5N8J2PTA00051C88.html. 4 November 2009. sports.163.com. 8 November 2009. 11 July 2013. zh.
  21. Web site: List of individuals, clubs punished by CFA for soccer fraud. news.xinhuanet.com. 18 February 2013. 11 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20141103202046/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2013-02/18/c_132176529.htm. 3 November 2014.
  22. Web site: 广州足球新东家:恒大1亿买断股权 广汽冠名赞助. sports.sohu.com. 2 March 2010. 23 November 2020. zh.
  23. Web site: 恒大引援再放超级卫星 350万美元天价签巴西猎豹. sports.sina.com.cn. 30 June 2010. 10 July 2013. zh.
  24. Web site: 郜林半场上演帽子戏法 恒大3-1胜湖南获中甲冠军. sports.sina.com.cn. 30 October 2010. 3 November 2012. zh.
  25. Web site: Church . Michael . Chinese transfer record broken five times in 2016 as Oscar arrives . . 19 November 2020 . en . 24 December 2016.
  26. Web site: CSL 2011. Soccerway. 3 November 2014.
  27. Web site: Jeonbuk Motors vs. Guangzhou Evergrande 1–5. Soccerway. 3 November 2014.
  28. Web site: Guangzhou Evergrande sign Dortmund's Lucas Barrios for 8.5 million euro transfer fee. Cameron. Wilson. wildeastfootball.net. 2 May 2012. 3 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20120830152419/http://wildeastfootball.net/2012/05/guangzhou-evergrande-sign-dortmunds-lucas-barrios-for-8-5-million-euro-transfer-fee/. 30 August 2012.
  29. Web site: Marcello Lippi appointed manager of Guangzhou Evergrande. . 17 May 2012. 3 November 2014.
  30. Web site: AFC Champions League 2012. Soccerway. 3 November 2014.
  31. Web site: Chinese FA Cup 2012. Soccerway. 3 November 2014.
  32. Web site: Cheng Zeng . worldfootball.net . 19 November 2020 . en.
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