Group Embedded Figures Test | |
Purpose: | psychological assessment pertaining to field dependence/independence |
The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) is a timed psychological assessment consisting of 18 items pertaining to field dependence and field independence.[1] The GEFT was constructed by Herman A Witkin, Philip K. Oltman, Evelyn Raskin, and Stephen A. Karp with the goal to provide an adaptation of the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) for group testing.[2] The EFT was developed by Witkin to assess cognitive style and analytical ability by measuring field dependence and field independence with figures suggested by Kurt Gottschaldt, a German psychologist and influencer of Gestalt psychology and theory.[3] The GEFT measurement places an individual on a spectrum between field dependence and field independence.
The GEFT contains 18 complex figures each in which the respondent must identify a simple form. The respondent does so by tracing the simple form within the complex figure (1) with pencil (for paper-pencil administration) or (2) by clicking and dragging their mouse cursor (for online administration). The GEFT is a timed test elapsing 20-minutes and can be administered to an individual or groups of older children (age 10+), adolescents, and adults.[4] The GEFT is protected by copyright law and is published by Mind Garden, Inc.
The GEFT was validated against the "parent" form of the test, the EFT, and the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) administered with the portable apparatus (PRFT).[5] [6] Since Witkin, et al. published the GEFT, other researchers have generated additional data, reporting both higher[7] [8] and lower[9] normative samples.
The GEFT was validated for exclusive administration via paper and pencil until 2014, when an online version was developed by Jack Demick, a research associate at Harvard University and a clinical and developmental psychologist. Since then, a reliability and validity study of the GEFT Online was conducted and showed strong correlation between the paper-and-pencil GEFT and the GEFT Online (r=.78),[10] which is identical to the test-retest reliability for the paper-and-pencil GEFT.[11]