Greg Fischer Explained

Greg Fischer
Office:50th Mayor of Louisville
Term Start:January 3, 2011
Term End:January 1, 2023
Predecessor:Jerry Abramson
Successor:Craig Greenberg
Office2:78th President of the United States Conference of Mayors
Term Start2:2020
Term End2:2021
Predecessor2:Bryan Barnett
Successor2:Nan Whaley
Birth Name:Gregory Fischer
Birth Date:14 January 1958
Birth Place:Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Party:Democratic
Spouse:Alexandra Gerassimides
Children:4
Education:Vanderbilt University (BA)

Gregory Edward Fischer[1] (born January 14, 1958) is an American businessman and entrepreneur who served as the second mayor of Louisville Metro from 2011 to 2023. In 2019, he was elected vice president of the U.S. Conference of Mayors,[2] and in 2020, he served as its president .

Fischer ran in the Kentucky Democratic primary for the United States Senate in 2008, finishing second with 34% of the vote. In November 2010, he was elected mayor of Louisville in a tight race against Metro Council member Hal Heiner. He was reelected[3] in 2014 and 2018, defeating Republican Metro Council member Angela Leet 61% to 37%[4] to win a third term. Due to term limits, Fischer was ineligible to run for reelection as mayor in 2022.

Under Fischer's leadership as mayor, Louisville Metro gained 80,000 new jobs and 3,000 new businesses.[5] In a 2016 Politico survey, he was recognized as the most innovative mayor in the U.S.[6] In 2013, Governing magazine named Fischer its Public Official of the Year.[7] The city has also attracted $24 billion in capital investment since the Great Recession, including a renovated and expanded convention center,[5] dozens of new hotels and multiple tourist attractions centered around bourbon.

Early life and education

Fischer was born in Louisville to Mary Lee and George Fischer, graduates of Loretto and Flaget High School in Louisville, respectively, and has four siblings. George was the CEO of MetriData Computing Inc. and Secretary of the Cabinet of Kentucky under Governor John Y. Brown Jr.

Fischer attended Trinity High School in the city and graduated in 1976. He has since been inducted as a member of the school's hall of fame.[8] After high school, Fischer attended Vanderbilt University, where he majored in economics, graduating in 1980.[9] To help pay for his education, Fischer worked summers as a crane operator on the fishing docks of Kodiak, Alaska, unloading salmon boats.

After graduation, Fischer traveled solo around the world for a year, spending the bulk of his trip in Asia, before returning to Louisville. He is married to Alexandra Gerassimides.[10]

Business career

Fischer co-founded SerVend International with his father, George, and brother, Mark.[11] At age 25, he co-invented the SerVend combination ice and beverage dispenser (patent number 4,641,763). Over the course of the Fischer's involvement with SerVend, it grew into a global manufacturing business employing over 300 people. In 1998, SerVend was one of three U.S. small businesses to be honored with a site visit by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award examiners. Also in 1998, Flomatic International, SerVend's valve manufacturing division, received the Oregon Quality Award. The Rochester Institute of Technology and USA Today gave SerVend a Quality Cup Award in the small business category in 1999.[12] The Manitowoc Company purchased SerVend in 1997 for $78 million.

In 1990, Fischer, along with his father and brother, Mark, was named a winner of an award sponsored by Inc. magazine, Ernst & Young, Merrill Lynch and Business First. As Kentucky and Southern Indiana's Regional Entrepreneurs of the Year in the manufacturing division for their work with SerVend, they were among the finalists for Inc.s U.S. Entrepreneur of the Year award.[13]

In 2000, Fischer co-founded bCatalyst, a business accelerator that evolved into a mergers and acquisitions advisory firm.[14] In 2010, Louisville-based Hilliard Lyons acquired bCatalyst.[15]

Fischer was an investor and board member with MedVenture Technology.[16] MedVenture, in Jeffersonville, Indiana, is an engineering outsourcer and early stage manufacturer on non-invasive medical devices for companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Boston Scientific, and Medtronic.

Until 2011, Fischer was part owner of Dant Clayton Corporation, a sports stadium design, manufacturing, and construction company with prominent sports-related projects around the U.S.[17] In addition to his other ventures, he now serves as founder and chairman of Iceberg Ventures, a private investment firm in Louisville.[16]

Community life

Fischer held chapter offices, including chapter chair, in the Young Presidents' Organization Bluegrass chapter in 1997 and 1998. There, he led the YPO-funded construction of a Habitat for Humanity home and also created a community partnership with Louisville's Center for Interfaith Relations in 2003, resulting in bringing talent such as Robert McNamara to Louisville for community learning. In 2007, Fischer was awarded the first-ever Bluegrass YPO "Best of the Best" award for community contribution in 2007 for lifelong community service.

As past chairman of the Kentucky Science Center in 2001 and 2002, Fischer helped raise over $20 million to modernize the museum and create interactive children's programs. He has also endowed scholarships at Trinity High School and the University of Louisville. In 2006, Fischer received the Catholic Schools Distinguished Alumni Award from the Archdiocese of Louisville.[18]

Fischer has been a guest lecturer at MIT and the University of Louisville,[19] and was also an executive in residence at Indiana University Southeast in 1999 and 2000.[20] He has served as a past board member of Crane House, an Asian cultural institute in Louisville, and Greater Louisville Inc.

2008 U.S. Senate campaign

Fischer was one of seven candidates in the 2008 Democratic primary for the U.S. Senate in Kentucky. He ran a five-month campaign and finished second with 34 percent of the vote.[21]

Primary winner Bruce Lunsford went on to lose the general election to Republican incumbent Mitch McConnell.[22]

Mayor of Louisville Metro

Election history

Fischer announced his candidacy for mayor of Louisville Metro in July 2009. On November 4, 2009, he became the first to file his letter of intent for the primary election on May 18, 2010.

A television advertisement for Fischer released in late March 2010 cited four priorities under his would-be administration: creating jobs, investing in clean energy, making metro government more transparent and building two new bridges over the Ohio River.

Fischer won the Democratic primary on May 18, 2010, with 45% of the vote. In the November 2 general election, he defeated Republican former council member Hal Heiner and two independent candidates with 51% of the vote.

On April 23, 2013, Fischer announced to a group of supporters that he would run for reelection in 2014. Fischer was reelected with 68.5% of the vote to Bob Devore's 31.3%. His inauguration took place on January 5, 2015.

On March 24, 2017, Fischer announced to a group of reporters that he would seek a third term in 2018. He won the Democratic primary on May 22, 2018, with approximately 75% of the vote. In the general election, he defeated Republican Metro Council member Angela Leet, 61% to 37%.

Tenure

Fischer was sworn in as the second Mayor of Louisville Metro Government, and the 50th Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky, on January 3, 2011.

Upon taking office, Fischer announced that the city would observe three core values: compassion, better health and lifelong learning.[23]

He also launched efforts to foster a data-driven approach towards government efficiency. This included the creation of the Office for Performance Improvement & Innovation and the implementation of Louiestat,[24] which "brings individual Metro departments before the Mayor and his senior leadership team every six to eight weeks to identify, through consistent metrics tracking and data analysis, what the department (and Metro Government) can do to continually improve the services it delivers to the citizens of Louisville." The city has been recognized as a leader in the use of data and in making data open and available to the public, and is one of only four cities to receive What Works Cities' Platinum Certification.[25]

Economy

Fischer's administration focused on building the economy and creating opportunities for residents. Early in his tenure, Fischer convened a committee of residents to identify opportunities in the food and beverage industries, culminating in a 2013 report and the coining of the phrase "bourbonism".[26]

The idea was to leverage the growing popularity of bourbon, which is largely produced in Kentucky, and Louisville's history with the beverage to create new economic opportunities in industries such as dining and tourism. The city now attracts 16 million tourists annually[27] and has a dozen bourbon attractions, such as distilleries on the historic Main Street Whiskey Row.[28]

Along with the redeveloped and expanded downtown convention center, bourbonism has been a factor in multiple new hotels opening in the city, including the Omni Louisville[29] in 2018 and Moxy/Hotel Distil[30] in October 2019.

Fischer's administration focused on attracting investment to lower-income neighborhoods, resulting in about $1.4 billion of investment in west Louisville.[31] Among the investments in predominantly African American neighborhoods were the redevelopment of the Beecher Terrace public housing site through a $29.5 million federal grant,[32] a new YMCA[33] at the historic 18th Street and Broadway intersection, and a new indoor track and learning center by the Louisville Urban League with support from the city.[34]

Fischer also focused on scaling Louisville's technology industry and talent pool. In 2019, Microsoft announced that Louisville would be its regional hub[35] for artificial intelligence, internet of things, and data science. In 2013, Fischer worked to launch Code Louisville, a nationally recognized program that offers free coding training to Louisville residents.[36] In June 2019, Fischer announced further efforts to scale Louisville's tech talent development efforts.[37]

During Fischer's first nine years in office, the local economy added 80,000 jobs, 3,000 new businesses opened,[38] and the net unemployment rate dropped from 10.2% in January 2011 to 3.3% in September 2019.[39]

In 2014, Fischer cut ties with the regional commerce organization Greater Louisville Inc., citing concerns over the organization's financial stability and leadership.[40] He then created a new Economic Development branch, Louisville Forward, creating 3,500 jobs and close to $500,000,000 in local investments its first 10 months,[41] while being named one of the nation's top 10 economic development groups.[42] But during Fischer's tenure, Louisville struggled to catch up to neighboring metropolitan areas in percentage of "high-paying jobs", ranking 9th out of 17 in the region.[43]

Education

Three new regional libraries opened during Fischer's tenure, and several branches opened or were renovated, for a total of $55 million in investments.[44] He also played an instrumental role[45] in establishing Evolve502, which provides[46] virtually all Jefferson County Public Schools graduates two tuition-free years of college through the Kentucky Community & Technical College System or Simmons College of Kentucky, plus "wraparound" services for students.

Health

Fischer led Louisville through the worst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Under his leadership, the city's focus on equity in testing, vaccinations and other resources led to no racial disparities in deaths, and the LouVax vaccination site was considered a national model.[47]

Compassion

Citing his mother as an inspiration,[48] Fischer launched Give A Day[49] in April 2011 to encourage residents to volunteer or otherwise contribute to the community. The Give A Day Week of Service has since expanded to eight days and in 2019 broke Louisville's own world record for volunteerism and acts of compassion with 235,000. Louisville's commitment to compassion has been expressed in other ways, including in 2015 when hundreds turned out to clean hateful graffiti at a Louisville mosque,[50] and in 2018 when the community again came together to clean hateful graffiti at a Hindu temple.[51] In 2013, the Dalai Lama spent three days in Louisville to promote compassion.[52] Fischer met the Dalai Lama again in 2018 during a working trip to India to promote compassion.[53]

Muhammad Ali funeral

In June 2016, Fischer's administration played a leading role in facilitating the events surrounding the funeral of Muhammad Ali.[54] In the following years, Louisville worked to further recognize Ali's history with the city, including new markers at sites significant in Ali's life.[55] In January 2019, Fischer announced that the city's airport would be renamed Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport.[56]

Public art and equality conversation

In April 2016, Fischer announced the removal of a Confederate memorial on Third Street on the University of Louisville campus.[57] On August 12, 2017, a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, turned violent. Various white supremacist groups protested the removal of a statue of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Later, Fischer announced that Louisville's Commission on Public Art would begin a review of public works in the city and collect a list of works that could be seen as "honoring bigotry, racism, and slavery". In the announcement, he said: "I recognize that some people say all these monuments should be left alone, because they are part of our history, but we need to discuss and interpret our history from multiple perspectives and from different viewpoints. That's why a community conversation is crucial. [...] Both our human values and the future of our city depend on our ability to directly address the challenges that stop each and every citizen from realizing their potential. We, as a compassionate community, must again come together and face up to the stain of slavery and racism, as we move toward a future that embraces diversity as a strength." The announcement came hours after a statue in Louisville's Cherokee Park depicting Confederate officer John Breckinridge Castleman was vandalized. In response to the vandalism, Fischer said, "For many, this statue is a beloved neighborhood landmark, but for others, it's a symbol of a painful, tragic and divisive time in our history—which gets at the complexity of this conversation."[58]

On August 8, 2018, Fischer announced that the Castleman statue and a statue of George D. Prentice would be moved.[59]

The next January, Fischer announced the launch of Lean Into Louisville, "an unprecedented series of presentations, conversations, activities and art exhibits that will explore and confront the history and legacy of all forms of discrimination and inequality in the city and the country."[60]

Breonna Taylor

Breonna Taylor was a former Louisville EMT killed in her home in March 2020. Louisville Metro Police Department had received a warrant to search her residence and vehicle due to surveillance in an ongoing drug trafficking investigation which noted she had been seen at the home of her former boyfriend, a drug trafficker known to police. It was also confirmed by USPS that Taylor's former boyfriend had received packages at her home.

The warrant was issued as a "no knock" warrant. Both officers claimed that they knocked on four occasions and further claimed that Taylor's boyfriend at the time, Kenneth Walker, who was present, agreed that they had knocked. Police say they were also announcing, though Walker said he did not hear them identifying themselves. When police received no answer after the final episode of knocking they breached the door and were met with gunfire.

Taylor was struck several times and pronounced dead at the scene. Initially Walker told police it was Taylor who had shot at them but upon further questioning he admitted he had fired the gun, saying he believed it was a home invasion.[61] Fischer's decision not to arrest the police officers, and the recent murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis led to widespread protests across Louisville.[62]

On June 12, 2020, Fischer said he would sign "Breonna's Law" after it was passed unanimously by city council members. The law bans "no knock" warrants, a controversial procedure requested by LMPD police that led to the fatal shooting of Breonna Taylor. It was later determined that police did in fact knock, but whether they announced themselves as police is disputed, as the officers had turned off their body cams. Fischer called the LMPD's four-page incident report on Taylor's death "unacceptable", but did not call for the officers' arrest, citing the ongoing investigation by the Kentucky Attorney General.[63] On July 16, 2020, it was announced that the Government Oversight and Audit Committee (GOA) of the Louisville Metro Council had officially launched an investigation "into the action and inaction of the Fischer Administration" in regard to the handling of the Taylor case and the death of David McAtee, as well as the handling of the resulting protests. McAtee was a Louisville business owner who responded with gunfire to the firing of pepper balls by LMPD and National Guardsmen enforcing a curfew upon protestors; he was shot by a Kentucky National Guardsman.[64]

On September 17, 2020, The Louisville Metro Council approved legislation giving Fischer a list of steps to rebuild trust.

Reforms and "Reimagining Public Safety"

Fischer's administration, in partnership with Metro Council, implemented multiple reforms[65] in 2020 and 2021, including the creation of a Civilian Police Review and Accountability Board;[66] the adoption of the early intervention system of IAPro to track all use-of-force incidents, citizen complaints, internal investigations, and other key factors; and the creation of a pilot program to "deflect"[67] a number of 911 calls to a non-police response "focused on problem-solving, de-escalation and referral to appropriate community services".

On December 1, 2020, Fischer declared racism a public health crisis in Louisville.[68]

In 2021, Fischer's budget proposed quadrupling the city budget spending[69] on public safety initiatives focused on community mobilization, prevention, intervention, enforcement, organizational change and development, and reentry programs. The programs included the adoption of Group Violence Intervention[70] and additional funding for the city's Office for Safe and Healthy Neighborhoods, including community violence intervention programs.

Louisville minimum wage increase

In November 2014, the Louisville City Council proposed raising the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour. Through a spokesman, Fischer said he supported raising the minimum wage at the federal level so it is "uniform nationwide", but did not say what hourly rate he favored. He also said that the city should hear from businesses, advocates, citizens, and faith groups before any changes were made.[71] On December 18, Fischer announced that he and the Metro Council had compromised and that Louisville would raise its hourly minimum wage to $9 over three years. The ordinance also included numerous exceptions found in other minimum wage laws, most notably excluding agricultural workers.[72] On October 20, 2016, the Kentucky Supreme Court overturned the city's minimum wage laws, reversing an earlier ruling by a Jefferson County judge and holding that hourly wages are regulated at the state level and that Louisville's ordinance conflicted with state law. In response, Fischer and a majority of the Metro Council called on the Kentucky General Assembly to allow the city to set its own minimum wage law.[73]

California state travel ban

On June 22, 2017, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra announced that he was working on banning state-funded travel to Kentucky in response to a bill signed by Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin. The law was designed to reinforce students' ability to express religious and political views in public schools and universities. But the bill also said religious and political student organizations cannot be hindered or discriminated against for how they conduct their internal affairs or select their leaders and members. Critics said those provisions could be used to let student groups prevent LGBTQ students from joining their ranks.[74] On June 26, 2017, Fischer and Lexington Mayor Jim Gray sent the California Attorney General's Office a letter asking that their cities be excluded from the ban. "Please consider exempting cities like Louisville from your travel ban", the letter states. "It is my belief that cities like ours should be rewarded for an inclusive behavior, not penalized; a waiver would highlight our inclusivity and encourage other cities to follow accordingly."[75] A week later, Becerra replied that California could lift the ban only if city officials were able to "make progress with leaders in your state" to repeal or amend the law.[76]

On June 27, 2017, Fischer announced on Twitter that the city was already feeling negative effects of the ban, citing an "unnamed convention" that had allegedly chosen to move its venue elsewhere as a show of solidarity with the ban. He elaborated on Facebook, writing, "We are very concerned about others [leaving]" and "Tourism/conventions are a key driver of our economy." A few days later, Karen Williams, president and CEO of the Louisville Convention and Visitors Bureau, announced in a press conference with Fischer that a second convention had pulled out of the city.[77] Williams said one convention was slated for 2018 and the other for 2021, but declined to name them because they are "still looking for other venues outside the city". She said both groups were based in Chicago and one was a "medical association" and the other a "prestigious research association".

Louisville received a perfect score for eight consecutive years on the Human Rights Campaign's Municipal Index.[78]

Assault

On June 19, 2022, Fischer was punched while attending community events at Fourth Street Live! A suspect was arrested and charged with one count of assault in the fourth degree.[79] The next day, Fischer said: "I channeled my inner Muhammad Ali and said 'you've got to get right back up', so I'm glad to see I can still take a punch."[80]

Electoral history

United States Senate

2008

Mayor of Louisville Metro

2018

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kentucky Births, 1911 - 1999 . Familytreelegends.com . January 14, 1958 . April 16, 2013 . August 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120826214150/http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/12252?c=search&first=&last=Fischer&spelling=Exact&8_year=1958&8_month=1&8_day=14&4=&9=&11=&SubmitSearch.x=0&SubmitSearch.y=0&SubmitSearch=Submit . live .
  2. Web site: Rochester Hills, MI Mayor Bryan Barnett Becomes 77th President of the United States Conference of Mayors. Durr. Sara. July 2, 2019. United States Conference of Mayors. en-US. November 22, 2019. July 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190709170855/https://www.usmayors.org/2019/07/01/rochester-hills-mi-mayor-bryan-barnett-becomes-77th-president-of-the-united-states-conference-of-mayors/. live.
  3. Web site: Louisville, Kentucky municipal elections, 2014. Ballotpedia. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051650/https://ballotpedia.org/Louisville,_Kentucky_municipal_elections,_2014. live.
  4. Web site: Mayoral election in Louisville, Kentucky (2018). Ballotpedia. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051737/https://ballotpedia.org/Mayoral_election_in_Louisville,_Kentucky_%282018%29. live.
  5. Web site: December 27, 2022 . Opportunities and 'impossible decisions': Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer reflects on 12 years in office . December 27, 2022 . Louisville Public Media . en . December 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227233122/https://www.lpm.org/news/2022-12-27/opportunities-and-impossible-decisions-louisville-mayor-greg-fischer-reflects-on-12-years-in-office . live .
  6. Web site: America's Mayors: Put Us in Charge—Now. Wofford. Ben. POLITICO Magazine. August 8, 2016. en. November 22, 2019. July 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190717013231/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/cities-urban-policy-mayors-survey-revitalization-us-214151. live.
  7. Web site: November 12, 2013 . Greg Fischer . December 27, 2022 . Governing . en . December 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227233131/https://www.governing.com/poy/poy-greg-fischer.html . live .
  8. Web site: Greg Fischer. Trinity High School (Louisville). August 1, 2017. August 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170801155556/http://www.trinityrocks.com/alumni/alumni-recognitions/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-list/#greg-fischer. live.
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  13. A Business First Supplement. Week of July 9, 1990. "1990 Entrepreneur of the Year Awards." Business First of Louisville.
  14. Web site: About Us . February 25, 2010 . bCatalyst . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100217091610/http://www.bcatalyst.com/content.aspx . February 17, 2010 .
  15. Boyd, Terry. March 26, 2010. News: Hilliard Lyons' bCatalyst acquisition part of 'renewed entrepreneurial spirit'. April 19, 2010. Business First of Louisville. Terry. Boyd. March 29, 2010. October 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121025181210/http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2010/03/29/story1.html?b=1269835200%5E3100731&s=industry&i=banking_financial_services. live.
  16. Gordon, Jennifer. September 24, 2004. News: MedVenture's shift to manufacturing focus boosts company's growth. April 21, 2010. Business First of Louisville. Jennifer. Gordon. September 27, 2004. November 23, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20041123075434/http://louisville.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2004/09/27/story4.html?page=3. live.
  17. News: Mann . David A. . Louisville bleacher manufacturer considering expansion . January 27, 2024 . December 10, 2015 . . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051743/https://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/news/2015/12/10/louisville-bleacher-manufacturer-considering.html . live .
  18. News: Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer talks about attending White House ceremony for Pope Francis . . September 23, 2015 . June 1, 2016 . I attended with two folks. One was Jewish another one was Mormon, I'm the Catholic guy in the group, so Pope Francis obviously appeals to people from all over the world . November 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181124014632/http://www.wdrb.com/story/30098479/louisville-mayor-greg-fischer-talks-about-attending-white-house-ceremony-for-pope-francis . live .
  19. Web site: Mayor talks urban planning, Housing, and Growth at UofL . February 6, 2017 . Mark . Herbert . . August 30, 2017 . September 23, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170923182536/http://louisville.edu/sustainability/news/mayor-talks-urban-planning-housing-and-growth-at-uofl . live .
  20. Web site: Management at Iceberg Ventures . Iceberg Ventures . August 30, 2017 . February 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180208202434/http://www.icebergventures.com/managment.htm . live .
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  22. News: McConnell holds off Lunsford challenge. Glasgow Daily Times. November 4, 2008. Ronnie. Ellis. August 1, 2017. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051727/https://www.cnhi.com/. live.
  23. Web site: City's Strategic Plan. May 10, 2018. LouisvilleKy.gov. en. November 22, 2019. July 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190704233344/https://louisvilleky.gov/government/mayor-greg-fischer/strategic-plan. live.
  24. Web site: About LouieStat LouieStat LouisvilleKy.Gov. louiestat.louisvilleky.gov. November 22, 2019. November 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191126024554/http://louiestat.louisvilleky.gov/basic-page/about-louiestat. live.
  25. Web site: Where We've Worked. What Works Cities. en-US. November 22, 2019. December 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191209192556/https://whatworkscities.bloomberg.org/cities/. live.
  26. Web site: Bourbon & Food Work Group Report. 2013. November 22, 2019. February 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170216164222/https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/mayors_office/bourbonreport5.pdf. live.
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  28. Web site: Home of the Distilleries of Bourbon Country. Bourbon Country. en. November 22, 2019. June 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190615224415/https://www.bourboncountry.com/things-to-do/urban-bourbon-distilleries/. live.
  29. Web site: The Omni Hotel is a piece of the puzzle to downtown Louisville's buzz. Menderski. Maggie. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051729/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/money/louisville-city-living/2019/03/06/downtown-louisville-continues-change-omni-hotel/3056483002/. live.
  30. Web site: Get Access. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051733/https://www.courier-journal.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courier-journal.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fdining%2Frestaurant%2F2019%2F10%2F30%2Fhotel-distil-hotel-moxy-open-louisville-whiskey-row%2F2498838001%2F. live.
  31. Web site: Greg Fischer on Louisville budget cuts: 'There were no easy or painless choices'. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051753/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/opinion/2019/04/26/louisville-budget-mayor-greg-fischer-transcript-metro-council/3554714002/. live.
  32. Web site: Louisville selected to receive $29.5 million HUD grant to jumpstart Russell revitalization. December 12, 2016. LouisvilleKy.gov. en. November 22, 2019. June 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200604202326/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/louisville-selected-receive-295-million-hud-grant-jumpstart-russell-revitalization. live.
  33. Web site: The new YMCA in west Louisville will be much more than a fitness center. Loosemore. Bailey. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051650/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2019/04/08/new-ymca-to-address-health-inequalities-west-louisville/3398616002/. live.
  34. Web site: Mayor announces $30 million indoor track and field facility to be developed on Heritage West site. September 19, 2017. LouisvilleKy.gov. en. November 22, 2019. January 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210118105755/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-announces-30-million-indoor-track-and-field-facility-be-developed-heritage-west-site. live.
  35. Web site: Microsoft launches AI hub to reverse talent flow to the coasts. Hiner. Jason. CNET. en. November 22, 2019. August 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190820091032/https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-launches-first-ai-hub-to-reverse-talent-flow-to-the-coasts-and-bring-non-phds-into-ai-jobs/. live.
  36. Web site: Code Louisville celebrates creating tech careers and jobs for more than 250 people. KentuckianaWorks. July 18, 2018. en-US. November 22, 2019. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308234520/https://www.kentuckianaworks.org/news/codelou-250. live.
  37. Web site: Louisville launches LouTechWorks. June 3, 2019. LouisvilleKy.gov. en. November 22, 2019.
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  40. Web site: Green. Ed. Metro government cuts economic development ties with Greater Louisville Inc.. Louisville Business First. December 26, 2015. January 30, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160130154324/http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/news/2014/04/30/metro-government-cuts-economic-development-ties.html. live.
  41. Web site: Ryan. Jacob. Louisville's Economic Development Team Gets National Recognition. WFPL News. WFPL. December 26, 2015. May 4, 2015. December 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151227041253/http://wfpl.org/louisvilles-economic-development-team-is-getting-national-acclaim/. live.
  42. Web site: Finley. Marty. Louisville Forward earns national recognition. Louisville Business First. December 26, 2015. January 30, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160130154324/http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/news/2015/05/04/louisville-forward-earns-national-recognition.html. live.
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  44. Web site: Mayor Fischer, Louisville Free Public Library officially open new Northeast Regional. December 22, 2021. LouisvilleKY.gov. en. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222172621/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-fischer-louisville-free-public-library-officially-open-new-northeast-regional. live.
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  46. Web site: Evolve502 Evolve502 is a community-focused organization helping every Jefferson County Public School student pursue the dream of a college education.. December 22, 2021. Evolve502. en-US. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222172614/https://www.evolve502.org/. live.
  47. Web site: Ratterman . Lexie . LouVax clinic at Broadbent Arena preparing for shutdown after giving 100,000th COVID shot . December 27, 2022 . WDRB . April 27, 2021 . en . December 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227235701/https://www.wdrb.com/news/louvax-clinic-at-broadbent-arena-preparing-for-shutdown-after-giving-100-000th-covid-shot/article_d0583724-a769-11eb-887f-0f4a5cf0d5f6.html . live .
  48. Web site: Meet the inspiration behind Give A Day. WHAS11. April 19, 2019. November 22, 2019. April 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420141634/https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/meet-the-inspiration-behind-give-a-day/417-50df81b5-3ed6-4afa-b7c8-7597154c6b0c. live.
  49. Web site: Give a Day Mayor's Week of Service. Metro United Way. en-US. November 22, 2019. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102123144/https://metrounitedway.org/give-a-day-mayors-week-of-service/. live.
  50. Web site: Hundreds turn out to rid mosque of graffiti. Ross. Allison. Strupp. Alton. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052316/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2015/09/18/hundreds-turn-out-rid-mosque-graffiti/72388502/. live.
  51. Web site: Louisville community rallies to clean up vandalism at Hindu temple. msn.com. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052256/https://www.msn.com/en-us. live.
  52. Web site: Dalai Lama ends three days in Louisville with 2400 students. WDRB. May 21, 2013. en. November 22, 2019. November 11, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221111020804/https://www.wdrb.com/news/dalai-lama-ends-three-days-in-louisville-with-students/article_c6890e2f-4e5c-56b7-b162-9ac518bb1f2b.html. live.
  53. Web site: Fischer visiting India to meet with Dalai Lama. Bailey. Phillip M.. The Courier-Journal. en. November 22, 2019. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052314/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2018/02/13/mayor-fischer-traveling-india-promote-louisville/333030002/. live.
  54. Web site: Case study dissects Louisville's hits, misses from Ali funeral week. wave3.com. September 27, 2016. en-US. November 22, 2019. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308173524/https://www.wave3.com/story/33261064/case-study-dissects-louisvilles-hits-misses-from-ali-funeral-week/. live.
  55. Web site: Muhammad Ali historical marker unveiled at West End School. Baute. Sean. wave3.com. October 24, 2019. en-US. November 22, 2019. December 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212105425/https://www.wave3.com/2019/10/24/muhammad-ali-historical-marker-unveiled-west-end-school/. live.
  56. Web site: Louisville airport will be renamed after Muhammad Ali. NBC News. January 17, 2019. en. November 22, 2019. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329140911/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/louisville-airport-will-be-renamed-after-muhammad-ali-n959706. live.
  57. Web site: Fischer . Greg . April 29, 2016 . Remarks . December 27, 2022 . December 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227235205/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-fischers-remarks-removal-confederate-statue . live .
  58. News: Mayor Calls for review of public art. Chandler. Chris. August 14, 2017. WLKY. August 15, 2017. Insider Louisville. August 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816011728/https://insiderlouisville.com/metro/mayor-calls-for-review-of-public-art/. live.
  59. Web site: I am announcing that the city will be moving the Castleman & Prentice statues. My decision is based on the findings of our Public Art & Monuments Advisory Committee — Louisville must not maintain statues that serve as validating symbols for racist or bigoted ideology. 1/8. Fischer. Mayor Greg. August 8, 2018. @louisvillemayor. en. November 22, 2019. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308085346/https://twitter.com/louisvillemayor/status/1027283712331968512?lang=en. live.
  60. Web site: Mayor Fischer launches Lean Into Louisville to confront and examine history of discrimination. January 18, 2019. LouisvilleKy.gov. en. November 22, 2019. August 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190802185021/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-fischer-launches-lean-louisville-confront-and-examine-history-discrimination. live.
  61. Web site: Breonna Taylor's Death: What To Know. New York Times. en. July 9, 2020. June 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200601003544/https://www.nytimes.com/article/breonna-taylor-police.html. live.
  62. News: Louisville mayor: Decision on firing police in Breonna Taylor case won't come swiftly. The Courier Journal. en. July 9, 2020. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052259/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/05/29/breonna-taylor-protest-louisville-mayor-fischer-explains-police-firing-process/5286451002/. live.
  63. News: New Breonna Taylor Law Will Ban No-Knock Warrants in Louisville, Ky. The New York Times. June 12, 2020. Gupta. Alisha Haridasani. Hauser. Christine. June 14, 2020. June 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200620101644/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/us/breonna-taylor-law-passed.html. live.
  64. Web site: Louisville mayor to be investigated for handling of protesters and Breonna Taylor's case. CNN. July 16, 2020. en. July 16, 2020. July 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200716082554/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/16/us/louisville-investigation-mayor-taylor-protest/index.html. live.
  65. Web site: Reimagining Public Safety. December 22, 2021. LouisvilleKY.gov. en. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222164401/https://louisvilleky.gov/government/mayor-greg-fischer/reimagining-public-safety. live.
  66. Web site: Kachmar. Kala. Louisville selects inspector general finalist to lead civilian review board overseeing police. December 22, 2021. The Courier-Journal. en-US. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052300/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/crime/2021/10/19/inspector-general-finalist-picked-to-lead-lmpd-civilian-oversight-board/8523325002/. live.
  67. Web site: Mayor Fischer outlines recommended pilot project to deflect some 911 calls to a non-police response. December 22, 2021. LouisvilleKY.gov. en. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222164403/https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-fischer-outlines-recommended-pilot-project-deflect-some-911-calls-non-police-response. live.
  68. Web site: Fischer. Greg. December 1, 2020. Declaration of racism as a public health crisis. December 22, 2021. December 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211218023933/https://louisvilleky.gov/mayor-greg-fischer/document/declaring-racism-public-health-crisis. live.
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  70. Web site: November 3, 2021. Group Violence Initiative off to a successful start. December 22, 2021. whas11.com. en-US. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222164407/https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/group-violence-initiative-report-to-louisville-metro-council/417-03bcd21d-109c-4ad8-968f-d2d8b9f9adf4. live.
  71. News: Shafer . Sheldon . September 8, 2014 . Minimum Wage Proposal filed with Metro Council . . August 15, 2017 . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052206/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2014/09/08/minimum-wage-proposal-filed-metro-council/15286231/ . live .
  72. News: Ragsdale . Travis . June 1, 2015 . Metro Louisville's Minimum wage set to jump to $8.25 an hour Friday . WDRB . August 15, 2017 . August 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170816010628/http://www.wdrb.com/story/32349843/metro-louisvilles-minimum-wage-set-to-jump-to-825-an-hour-friday . live .
  73. News: Ottis . Chris . October 20, 2016 . Kentucky Supreme Court Strikes down Louisville Metro Minimum wage law . WDRB . August 15, 2017 . August 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170816020026/http://www.wdrb.com/story/33436380/kentucky-supreme-court-strikes-down-louisville-metro-minimum-wage-law . live .
  74. News: Novelly . Thomas . Press . Associated . June 23, 2017 . California Bans state travel to Kentucky and three other states . The Courier Journal . August 2, 2017 . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052704/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2017/06/23/california-bans-state-travel-kentucky-3-other-states/423352001/ . live .
  75. News: Novelly . Thomas . June 26, 2017 . Mayor Fischer, Lexington mayor ask California AG to exclude their cities from Kentucky travel ban . The Courier Journal . August 2, 2017 . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052814/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/06/26/courier-journal-com-story-news-local-2017-06-26-rand-paul-blasts-kentucky-travel-ban-427926001/428863001/ . live .
  76. News: Bailey . Phillip . July 6, 2017 . Mayor Greg Fischer Exaggerated California travel bans impact Louisville Lawmakers Say . The Courier Journal . August 2, 2017 . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052822/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2017/07/06/mayor-greg-fischer-exaggerated-california-travel-bans-impact-louisville-lawmakers-say/452884001/ . live .
  77. News: Bailey . Phillip . Fischer says convention has pulled out of Louisville . The Courier Journal . August 2, 2017 . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052816/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2017/06/28/fischer-says-convention-has-pulled-out-louisville-due-californias-travel-ban/437829001/ . live .
  78. Web site: Human Rights Campaign . December 28, 2022 . Human Rights Campaign . en-US . December 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221228000227/https://www.hrc.org/resources/municipalities/louisville-ky . live .
  79. Web site: Arrest made in attack on Louisville mayor . ABC News . June 22, 2022 . en . June 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220622085515/https://abcnews.go.com/US/arrest-made-attack-louisville-mayor/story?id=85506176 . live .
  80. Web site: Johnson . Rae Johnson and Krista . Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer says Fourth Street Live punch would've been 'hard to stop' . December 27, 2022 . The Courier-Journal . en-US . January 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127052732/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2022/06/19/louisville-mayor-greg-fischer-attacked-over-weekend-what-we-know/7677093001/ . live .

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