Metro Vancouver Regional District Explained

Metro Vancouver
Official Name:Metro Vancouver Regional District
Settlement Type:Regional district
Image Blank Emblem:Metrovancouver.svg
Blank Emblem Type:Logo
Image Map1:CAN BC Greater Vancouver Regional District locator.svg
Map Alt1:A map of British Columbia depicting its 29 regional districts and equivalent municipalities. One is highlighted in red.
Map Caption1:Location in British Columbia
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Canada
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:British Columbia
Established Title:Incorporated
Established Date:29 June 1967
Established Title1:Name change
Established Date1:13 June 1968
Established Title2:Name change
Established Date2:30 January 2017
Seat Type:Administrative office
Seat:Burnaby
Parts Type:Electoral Areas
Parts:A
Government Type:Regional district
Governing Body:Board of Directors
Leader Title:Chair
Leader Name:Mike Hurley (Burnaby)
Leader Title1:Vice chair
Leader Name1:John McEwen (Anmore)
Area Footnotes: (2021)[1]
Area Land Km2:2878.93
Elevation Min M:0
Elevation Max M:1990
Population Total:2642825
Population As Of:2021
Population Density Km2:918.0
Population Est:2950509
Pop Est As Of:2023
Pop Est Footnotes:[2]
Population Rank:2 (Canadian CD)
Population Density Rank:2 (Canadian CD)
Population Demonym:Metro Vancouverite
Timezone1:PST
Utc Offset:−08:00
Timezone Dst:PDT
Utc Offset Dst:−07:00
Area Code:604 / 778 / 236 / 672
Area Code Type:Area codes

The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD), or simply Metro Vancouver, is a Canadian political subdivision and corporate entity representing the metropolitan area of Greater Vancouver, designated by provincial legislation as one of the 28 regional districts in British Columbia.[3] [4] The organization was known as the Regional District of Fraser–Burrard for nearly one year upon incorporating in 1967, and as the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) from 1968 to 2017.

Metro Vancouver borders Whatcom County, Washington, to the south, the Fraser Valley Regional District to the east, the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District to the north, and the Nanaimo Regional District and Cowichan Valley Regional District across the Strait of Georgia to the west.

The MVRD is under the direction of 23 local authorities and delivers regional services, sets policy and acts as a political forum. The regional district's most populous city is Vancouver, and Metro Vancouver's administrative offices are located in the city of Burnaby. The MVRD's boundaries match those of the Vancouver census metropolitan area (CMA) as identified by Statistics Canada.

History

The Greater Vancouver Water District and the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District were established in 1924 and 1956 respectively.[5] The Government of British Columbia incorporated a regional district for this western portion of the Lower Mainland named the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard on 29 June 1967.[6] Just under a year later, the regional district was renamed as the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) on 13 June 1968.

In 2007, the GVRD applied to change its official legal name a second time to simply "Metro Vancouver", which was deemed more recognizable at the time.[7] British Columbia's Minister of Community Services denied the application due to the absence of the term "regional district" within the proposed new name, though it was suggested that the GVRD could brand itself under the unofficial name of Metro Vancouver. After nine years, with growing public recognition of Metro Vancouver, the overall success of the brand, and confusion between the brand and the official legal name of the regional district, the GVRD moved in 2016 to change its name to the Metro Vancouver Regional District.[8] The regional district was therefore formally renamed a second time by the Government of British Columbia on 30 January 2017 to the Metro Vancouver Regional District.[9]

Geography

The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD) is located east of the Strait of Georgia and north of the State of Washington and is bisected by the Fraser River.[10] The boundaries of the MVRD match those of the Vancouver CMA.[11]

Membership

This regional district comprises 23 local authorities as members: 21 municipalities, one electoral area and one treaty First Nation.[12]

Electoral Area A comprises all unincorporated land within the regional district boundaries, which totals about 818 square kilometres. Most of the area is in the northernmost part of the district, including residential areas and isolated dwellings on Howe Sound between Lions Bay and Horseshoe Bay, on Indian Arm to the north of Deep Cove and Belcarra/Anmore and on the west side of Pitt Lake to the north of Port Coquitlam. Other areas included are Barnston Island on the Fraser River, Passage Island between Bowen Island and West Vancouver, and finally the urban communities of the University of British Columbia and the University Endowment Lands, in which 98% of the population of Electoral Area A lives.[13]

There are also seventeen Indian reserves within the geographical area that are not subject to governance by local authorities or the regional district; they have a combined population of 7,550 (2006).

The cities of Abbotsford and Chilliwack and the district of Mission, located to the east, although often linked to Vancouver in promotions and tourism, are part of a separate regional district, the Fraser Valley Regional District.

Demographics

See main article: Demographics of Metro Vancouver. As a census division in the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, the Metro Vancouver Regional District had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 2878.93km2, it had a population density of in 2021.[14] The Metro Vancouver Regional District is the densest and most populous regional district in British Columbia, and the second-densest and second-most populous census division in Canada behind Toronto.[1]

Panethnic group! colspan="2"
2021[15] [16] 2016[17] [18] 2011[19] [20] 2006[21] 2001[22]
European1,124,4751,179,1001,197,9851,182,3551,204,970
East Asian606,920557,745488,240451,790395,540
South Asian369,295291,005252,405207,165164,365
Southeast Asian198,940168,075156,315112,36585,485
Middle Eastern87,09062,44048,87035,59027,340
Indigenous63,34561,45552,37540,31036,855
Latin American51,50034,80529,12522,69518,715
African41,18029,83023,54520,67018,405
Other/Multiracial65,35041,78031,83525,03515,810
Total responses2,607,0152,426,2352,280,6952,097,9651,967,480
Total population2,642,8252,463,4312,313,3282,116,5811,986,965

Governance

Metro Vancouver technically comprises four separate corporate entities: the Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD), the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District (GVS&DD), the Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) and the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC). Each of these is governed by a board of directors. The board of the MVRD has 40 directors coming from the 23 local authorities who are MVRD members.[23] The number of directors coming from each local authority is determined by population, and the number of votes allocated to each director further helps proportionally represent the population distribution of the region. Each board director is also an elected official of one of the local authorities, with the exception of the elected representative for Electoral Area A (which has no council).

As of 2017, the organization had about 1,500 employees.[24] The current organizational structure shows ten departments reporting to the Chief Administrative Officer:[25] Human Resources & Corporate Services; External Relations; Financial Services; Legal Services & Aboriginal Relations; Board & Information Services; Liquid Waste Services; Parks & Housing Services; Planning & Environment; Solid Waste Services; and Water Services.

Administrative role

The principal function of Metro Vancouver is to administer resources and services which are common across the metropolitan area. The Metro Vancouver Board has defined its strategic priorities for 2015 through 2018 in its Board Strategic Plan.[26]

The organization categorizes its work into action areas as described in the following subsections. However, 84% of the organization's budget is spent in three of those areas – the three utilities (water, liquid waste, solid waste). Metro Vancouver's commitments and its members' commitments to each action area are outlined in eight board-approved management plans[27] as referenced below.

Water

See main article: Metro Vancouver watersheds.

Metro Vancouver's tap water is provided by four legal entities that operate under the name Metro Vancouver: the GVWD, the GVS&DD, the MVRD and MVHC. They collectively serve 2.8 million residents in the region and provide 1.5e9L of water during peak summer days.[28] The GVWD provides tap water to a land area covering more than 2,600 km² with all of the water coming from three sources: the Capilano reservoir, the Seymour reservoir and the Coquitlam reservoir. Metro Vancouver controls the Cleveland Dam on the Capilano reservoir, which supplies 40 percent of the district's water.[29] The system includes 26 storage tanks, 19 pump stations, and 520km (320miles) of water mains.[28]

Liquid waste

Metro Vancouver operates and maintains the liquid waste facility, which includes managing "the network of trunk sewers, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants that connect with municipal sewer systems".[30] Throughout operations, the organization is committed to protecting public health and the environment, and recovering as much resources (energy, nutrients, etc.) as possible out of the waste stream.

The liquid waste utility is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Liquid Waste and Resource Management plan,[31] as approved by the board. The three goals are to:

Solid waste

Metro Vancouver's solid waste utility is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management plan,[32] as approved by the board. The four goals are to:

One initiative of the organization was the Ashcroft Manor Ranch Mega-Landfill Proposal in Ashcroft, British Columbia, in the Thompson Country of the British Columbia Interior, as there is no more room in the Lower Mainland for Metro Vancouver's garbage. A similar project nearby adjacent to the town of Cache Creek, British Columbia has almost reached capacity. Environmental concerns about the area's sensitive shrub–steppe climate and ecology are strong, while Highland Valley Copper, near Logan Lake, has offered the use of its mine-pit instead. Other MVRD landfill locations serving the regional district in the past have been in the Fraser Mills area, between the Trans-Canada Highway and the Fraser, and at Port Mann, beneath the south foot of the Port Mann Bridge.

Housing

Metro Vancouver owns and manages housing complexes throughout the region via the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC); it also forms policy on homelessness and affordable housing for the region. The MVHC's board-approved goals, as outlined in the Affordable Housing Strategy,[33] are to:

The MVHC's sole shareholder is the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The number of directors of the housing corporation is 13.[34]

Regional planning

Metro Vancouver works in collaboration with its members to achieve a shared vision of livability across the generations, as laid out in the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS),[35] which was approved by the board in 2011, replacing the Livable Region Strategic Plan (LRSP).[36] Th RGS requires each member local authority to provide a Regional Context Statement to "demonstrate to the Metro Vancouver Board how its Official Community Plan Supports the RGS." The five goals of the RGS are to:

Regional planning also includes planning and policy-making in agriculture and the food industry. The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Food System Strategy,[37] as approved by the board. The goals are to:

In 2018, the organization's board also adopted the Ecological Health Framework,[38] which encapsulates Metro Vancouver’s collective efforts around ecological health and provides guiding principles, goals, and strategies to help achieve the vision of a "beautiful, healthy, and resilient environment for current and future generations." The goals are:

Air quality

The organization runs programs and set policy to protect public health and the environment with respect to air quality, improve visual air quality and minimize the region's contribution to climate change. The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Management Plan,[39] as approved by the board. The three goals are to:

Regional parks

The parks department of Metro Vancouver oversees the development and maintenance of 23[40] regional parks, as well as various nature reserves and greenways. The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Parks Plan,[41] as approved by the board. The four goals are to:

Regional parks are distinct from municipal parks in that they are typically more "wild" and represent unique geographical zones within the region, such as bogs and mature rainforests.

Regional economic prosperity

Regional economic prosperity is a service of Metro Vancouver organized to advance a shared prosperity in the region. The service is structured around three functions: fostering collaboration, conducting regional data collection and research, and attracting investment.[42]

Regional federation

Metro Vancouver undertakes support functions that underpin the rest of its service areas. In these areas, the organization commits to "contribute to the effective and efficient performance of our regional roles through leadership and collaboration with our members and other stakeholders." There are eight strategic directions guiding work in this area:

The organization's board has also adopted the Corporate Climate Action Plan,[43] the purpose of which is to, "set out strategies and actions to achieve Metro Vancouver's commitment to corporate carbon neutrality and to adapt [its] corporate infrastructure and activities to the anticipated consequences of climate change." The strategies of the plan are to:

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Vancouver [Census metropolitan area], British Columbia ]. 10 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210045725/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021S0503933&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 . live .
  2. Web site: Services . Ministry of Citizens' . Population Estimates – Province of British Columbia . 11 April 2024 . www2.gov.bc.ca . 24 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190724204637/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates . live .
  3. Web site: 2013 Action Plan . January 2013 . Metro Vancouver . 30 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130917023750/http://metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/ActionPlan2013.pdf . 17 September 2013.
  4. Web site: Goodbye GVRD, hello Metro Vancouver . 2 August 2007 . . 1 March 2012 . 29 September 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095651/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=47d814e0-3cf9-4577-bc14-d6b8518fc30b&k=15838 . live .
  5. Web site: Metro Vancouver history . Metro Vancouver . 19 February 2017 . 29 July 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160729232320/http://www.metrovancouver.org/Includes/Timeline/index.html#timeline . live .
  6. Web site: Order in Council No. 1873/1968 . Government of British Columbia . 13 June 1968 . 20 February 2017 . 20 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220172045/http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/oic/arc_oic/1873_1968/search/CIVIX_DOCUMENT_ROOT_STEM:(Greater%20Vancouver%20regional%20district)%20AND%20CIVIX_DOCUMENT_ANCESTORS:arc_oic?28#hit1 . live .
  7. Web site: Metro Vancouver Legal Entities Name Change . Metro Vancouver . 1 September 2016 . 19 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173613/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/MV-name-change/Documents/Metro_Vancouver_Legal_Entities_Name_Change_-_2016_Sep_1_-_5.2_Report.pdf . 20 February 2017.
  8. Web site: Metro Vancouver Name Change . Metro Vancouver . 19 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173705/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/MV-name-change/Pages/default.aspx . 20 February 2017.
  9. Web site: Order of the Lieutenant Governor in Council: Order in Council No. 023, Approved and Ordered January 30, 2017 . 30 January 2017 . 20 February 2017 . 20 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220175501/http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/oic/OIC_CUR/0023_2017 . live .
  10. Census Division 5915: Greater Vancouver, RD . . 2016 . 19 February 2017 . 20 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220174744/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/geo/maps-cartes/pdf/A0003/2016A00035915.pdf . live .
  11. Census Metropolitan Area 933: Vancouver . . 2016 . 19 February 2017 . 20 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220172540/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/geo/maps-cartes/pdf/S0503/2016S0503933.pdf . live .
  12. Web site: Member Municipalities . Metro Vancouver . 19 February 2017 . 28 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128112758/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/municipalities/Pages/default.aspx . live .
  13. Web site: About Electoral Area A . Metro Vancouver . Metro Vancouver . 13 September 2018 . 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510002232/https://metrovancouver.org/search/Pages/page-not-found.aspx . live .
  14. Web site: Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions . . 9 February 2022 . 3 April 2022 . 6 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233556/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000701 . live .
  15. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 21 September 2022 . Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions . 28 October 2022 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 27 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026601 . live .
  16. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 26 October 2022 . Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts . 26 October 2022 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 4 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090204144216/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=97-562-XCB2006007&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=0&IPS=97-562-XCB2006007&METH=0&ORDER=&PID=92334&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=&StartRow=&SUB=&Temporal=2006&Theme=80&VID=&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= . live .
  17. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 17 June 2019 . Aboriginal Identity (9), Age (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data . 6 October 2022 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 26 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926132326/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110511&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= . live .
  18. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 27 October 2021 . Census Profile, 2016 Census Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] Visible Minority ]. 14 January 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 12 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210612165409/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=Greater+Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1&type=0 . live .
  19. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 23 January 2019 . 2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Aboriginal Identity (8), Age Groups (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census divisions and Census subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey . 6 October 2022 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 6 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221006094011/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=107504&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=94&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= . live .
  20. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 27 November 2015 . NHS Profile, Greater Vancouver, RD, British Columbia, 2011 Visible Minority . 14 January 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 14 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230114234938/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Data=Count&SearchText=Greater%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Visible%20minority&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 . live .
  21. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 20 August 2019 . 2006 Community Profiles Greater Vancouver British Columbia (Regional district) . 14 January 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510002409/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Greater%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= . live .
  22. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2 July 2019 . 2001 Community Profiles Greater Vancouver Regional District British Columbia (Regional District) . 14 January 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca . 14 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230114234938/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Greater%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= . live .
  23. Web site: Board Members . Metro Vancouver . 10 December 2018 . 16 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170516172953/http://www.metrovancouver.org/boards/membership/board-members/Pages/default.aspx . live .
  24. Web site: Departments . Metro Vancouver . 7 February 2017 . 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510002359/https://metrovancouver.org/search/Pages/page-not-found.aspx . live .
  25. Web site: Departments . 14 December 2018 . 15 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022238/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/departments/Pages/default.aspx . live .
  26. Web site: Metro Vancouver Board Strategic Plan 2015 to 2018 . 5 October 2016 . 17 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160617004113/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/aboutuspublications/BoardStrategicPlan2015-2018.pdf . live .
  27. Web site: Compendium of Regional Management Plans . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130221212515/http://www.metrovancouver.org/planning/Pages/ManagementPlans.aspx . 21 February 2013.
  28. News: Culbert . Lori . 15 July 2024 . Water has flowed from Vancouver taps for 100 years. What about the next century? . The Vancouver Sun . 15 July 2024.
  29. Web site: Metro Vancouver Water Sources & Supply . 23 September 2006 . 12 July 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070712161925/http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/water/sources-and-supply.htm . dead .
  30. http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/wastewater/Pages/default.aspx Wastewater Collection & Treatment
  31. Web site: Integrated Liquid Waste and Resource Management . May 2010 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120916232012/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/IntegratedLiquidWasteResourceManagementPlan-ApprovedGVSDDBoard.pdf . 16 September 2012.
  32. Web site: Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management . July 2010 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130917094235/http://metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/ISWRMP.pdf . 17 September 2013.
  33. Web site: Metro Vancouver Regional Affordable Housing Strategy . 20 June 2016 . Metro Vancouver . 15 May 2019 . 14 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190214212327/http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/regional-planning/PlanningPublications/RegionalAffordableHousingStrategy2016.pdf . live .
  34. Web site: Greater Vancouver Regional District Regular Board Meeting Friday, February 22, 2013 . 19 February 2013 . Metro Vancouver . 26 February 2013.
  35. Web site: Regional Growth Strategy . 29 July 2011 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20121224040331/http://public.metrovancouver.org/planning/development/strategy/RGSDocs/RGSAdoptedbyGVRDBoardJuly292011.pdf . 24 December 2012.
  36. Web site: Livable Region Strategic Plan . December 1999 . Metro Vancouver . 24 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121224072902/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/LRSP.pdf . 24 December 2012.
  37. Web site: Regional Food System Strategy . February 2010 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121222233920/http://www.metrovancouver.org/planning/development/AgricultureAndFood/Documents/RegionalFoodSystemStrategy.pdf . 22 December 2012.
  38. Web site: Ecological Health Framework . October 2018 . Metro Vancouver . 29 November 2021 . 29 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211129183646/http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/regional-planning/conserving-connecting/about-ecological-health/Pages/default.aspx . live .
  39. Web site: Integrated Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Management Plan . October 2011 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130827231923/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/IntegratedAirQualityGreenhouseGasManagementPlan-October2011.pdf . 27 August 2013.
  40. Web site: Regional Parks, Greenways & Reserves . Metro Vancouver . 7 February 2017 . 28 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128123352/http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/parks/Pages/default.aspx . live .
  41. Web site: Regional Parks Plan . 28 October 2011 . Metro Vancouver . 14 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130827231850/http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/RegionalParksPlan.pdf . 27 August 2013.
  42. Web site: Regional Economic Prosperity . Metro Vancouver . 14 August 2020 . 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510002234/https://metrovancouver.org/search/Pages/page-not-found.aspx . live .
  43. Web site: Corporate Climate Action Plan . 16 June 2010 . Metro Vancouver . 14 December 2018 . 26 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181126115447/http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/air-quality/AirQualityPublications/CorporateClimateActionPlan.pdf . live .

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