| Gravesend power station | |
| Country: | England |
| Location: | Gravesend, Kent |
| Status: | Decommissioned and demolished |
| Construction Began: | 1900 |
| Commissioned: | 1903 |
| Decommissioned: | 1970 |
| Owner: | Gravesend Corporation (1902–1948) British Electricity Authority (1948–1955) Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957) Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–1970) |
| Operator: | As owner |
| Th Fuel Primary: | Coal |
| Th Technology: | Steam turbines |
| Ps Cooling Source: | Well water |
| Ps Units Operational: | 1 x 2 MW plus 2 x 5 MW |
| Ps Units Manu Model: | British Thomson-Houston |
| Ps Electrical Capacity: | 12 MW |
| Ps Annual Generation: | 11.3 GWh (1936/7) |
Gravesend power station was built by the Gravesend Corporation in 1902–03 to supply the local demand for electricity for lighting. It was built to the west of the municipal gas works, south east of the basin on the Thames and Medway canal. The power station operated until 1970 the buildings were reused but were demolished in 1995.
Gravesend power station comprised a long engine room with a short, taller boiler house to the north, and an office block to the east; the boiler house had three tall chimneys. The engine room walls were of stock brick with red brick dressings. The interior of the engine room was lit by 13 high level circular windows on the long elevation, and tall windows in the west gable end.[1] New generating equipment was added as the demand for electricity increased.
In 1923 the coal fired boilers were supplying 76,000 lb/h (9.58 kg/s) of steam to:[2]
These had a total generating capacity of 3400 kW.
New plant was added 1921–26 comprising:[3]
By 1966 the installed generating capacity was 12 MW. The coal-fired chain gate boilers produced 147,000 lb/hr (18.5 kg/s) of steam at 175/215 psi (12.1/14.8 bar) and 285 °C.
The condenser cooling system was unusual in being cooled with water abstracted from wells.
In 1912 the power station was supplying 36 public arc lights and 377 incandescent lights in the town. By 1919 there were no arc lights but there were 453 public lamps in Gravesend.[4] [5]
The generating capacity, maximum load, and electricity generated and sold (1913–37) was as follows:
| 1912/3 | 1.050 | 0.855 | 1.601 | 1.179 | |
| 1918/9 | 1.850 | 1.275 | 3.517 | 2.456 | |
| 1919/20 | 1.850 | 1.557 | 4.379 | 3.098 | |
| 1923/4 | 8.400 | 3.125 | 10.241 | 8.135 | |
| 1936/7 | 13.40 | 9.67 | 11.283 | 33.333 |
Detailed operating data for the period 1921–23 is shown in the table:
| Units | Year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | |||
| Lighting and domestic use | MWh | 2878 | 3899 | 5396 | |
| Public lighting use | MWh | 133 | 134 | 205 | |
| Traction | MWh | 482 | 453 | 480 | |
| Power use | MWh | Included in lighting and domestic | |||
| Total use | MWh | 3493 | 4488 | 6081 | |
| Load and connected load | |||||
| Maximum load | kW | 1915 | 2250 | 2760 | |
| Total connections | kW | 3710 | 4899 | 4880 | |
| Load factor | Per cent | 29.8 | 33.4 | 34.4 | |
| Financial | |||||
| Revenue from sales of current | £ | – | 52,734 | 46,862 | |
| Surplus of revenue over expenses | £ | – | 18,489 | 19,126 | |
Under the terms of the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926 (16-17 Geo. 5 c. 51)[6] the Central Electricity Board (CEB) was established in 1926.[7] The CEB identified high efficiency ‘selected’ power stations that would supply electricity most effectively. The CEB also constructed the national grid (1927–33) to connect power stations within a region.
Gravesend power station operating data in 1946 was:[8]
| 1946 | – | 13,730 | 10.103 | – |
The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the Electricity Act 1947 (10-11 Geo. 6 c. 54).[9] The Gravesend electricity undertaking was abolished, ownership of Gravesend power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB).#council At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Gravesend electricity undertaking were transferred to the South Eastern Electricity Board (SEEBOARD).
Operating data for the period 1954–69 is shown in the table:[10] [11]
| 1954 | 746 | 10 | 4.183 | 12.53 | |
| 1955 | 1234 | 10 | 6.138 | 13.17 | |
| 1956 | 683 | 9 | 3.746 | 10.66 | |
| 1957 | 430 | 9 | 2.358 | 10.4 | |
| 1958 | 375 | 9 | 2.072 | 8.61 | |
| 1961 | 3.5 % | 10 | 3.096 | 9.79 | |
| 1962 | 4.2% | 10 | 3.644 | 9.89 | |
| 1963 | 7.62 % | 10 | 6.673 | 12.19 | |
| 1966 | 6.6 % | 10 | 5.780 | 10.38 | |
| 1967 | 2.0 % | 10 | 1.746 | 8.60 | |
| 1968 | 2.1 % | 10 | 1.828 | 8.14 | |
| 1969 | 0.2 % | 10 | 0.208 | 4.91 |
| Year | Electricity sold, MWh | No. of consumers | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | 364,139 | 34,158 | |
| 1957 | 412,179 | 35,184 | |
| 1958 | 389,597 | 36,149 |
| Type of Consumer | No. of consumers | Electricity sold, MWh | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic | 32,916 | 56,036 | |
| Commercial | 2,614 | 17,008 | |
| Industrial | 326 | 312,966 | |
| Farms | 278 | 2,016 | |
| Public lighting | 15 | 1,571 | |
| Total | 36,149 | 389,597 |
The station was decommissioned in 1970. After closure the GEGB converted the station to a scientific research base, which continued in use until 1993. The buildings were demolished in 1995.