| Grants Pass, Oregon | |
| Official Name: | City of Grants Pass, Oregon |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Motto: | Live Rogue; It's the Climate |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Pushpin Map: | Oregon#USA |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Oregon##Location in the United States |
| Pushpin Relief: | yes |
| Pushpin Label: | Grants Pass |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Oregon |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Josephine |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Sara Bristol[1] |
| Leader Title1: | City Manager |
| Leader Name1: | Aaron Cubic[2] |
| Established Title: | Incorporated |
| Established Date: | 1887 |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [3] |
| Area Total Km2: | 30.25 |
| Area Land Km2: | 29.83 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.42 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 11.68 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 11.52 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.16 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 39194 |
| Population Density Km2: | 1313.58 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 3402.12 |
| Timezone: | Pacific |
| Utc Offset: | -8 |
| Timezone Dst: | Pacific |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -7 |
| Coordinates: | 42.4389°N -123.3283°W |
| Elevation Ft: | 960 |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP codes |
| Postal Code: | 97526, 97527, 97528, 97543 |
| Area Code Type: | Area codes |
| Area Code: | 541 and 458 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 41-30550[4] |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 1142947[5] |
Grants Pass is a city in and the county seat of Josephine County, Oregon, United States.[6] The city is located on Interstate 5, northwest of Medford, along the Rogue River. The population is 39,194 according to the 2020 census, making it the 15th most populous city in Oregon.[7]
Early Hudson's Bay Company hunters and trappers, following the Siskiyou Trail, passed through the site beginning in the 1820s. In the late 1840s, settlers (mostly American) following the Applegate Trail began traveling through the area on their way to the Willamette Valley. The city states[8] that the name was selected to honor General Ulysses S. Grant's success at Vicksburg. The Grants Pass post office was established on March 22, 1865.[9] The city of Grants Pass was incorporated in 1887.[10]
The Oregon–Utah Sugar Company, financed by Charles W. Nibley, was created, leading to a sugar beet factory being built in Grants Pass in 1916. Before the factory opened, Oregon-Utah Sugar was merged into the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company.[11] Due to labor shortages and low acreage planted in sugar beets, the processing machinery was moved to Toppenish, Washington, in 1918 or 1919.
Grants Pass was believed by some to be a sundown town.[12] [13] [14] The Ku Klux Klan was active from the 1920s to 1960s.[15]
Grants Pass is located in the Rogue Valley; the Rogue River runs through the city. U.S. Route 199 passes through the city, and joins Interstate 5. The city has a total area of, of which is land and is water.[16]
Grants Pass has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), and is in USDA plant hardiness zone 8b.[17]
Summer days are sunny, dry and hot, with dramatic cooling at night; the average August high temperature is and the low is . Winters are cool and fairly rainy, with only occasional snow; the average January high temperature is and the low is . Grants Pass receives roughly precipitation per year, with three-quarters of it occurring between November 1 and March 31. The mild winters and dry summers support a native vegetation structure quite different from the rest of Oregon, dominated by madrone, deciduous and evergreen oak, manzanita, pine, bush chinquapin, and other species that are far less abundant further north.[18]
The record high temperature of was on July 4, 2022. The record low temperature of was on December 21, 1990.[19] [20] There are an average of 51.3 afternoons annually with highs of or higher, eight afternoons reaching at least, and 77.5 mornings annually with lows of or lower.
Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 110 days annually. The wettest rain year on record was from July 1955 to June 1956 with of precipitation, and the driest from July 1923 to June 1924 with . The most precipitation in one month was in December 1996, and the most precipitation in one day was on October 29, 1950part of a two-day fall of and ending a five-day fall of . There is an average of only 4.6inches of snow annually. The most snowfall in one month was 34.1inches in February 1917.[21]
As of the census of 2010,[22] there were 34,533 people, 14,313 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3176.9PD/sqmi. There were 15,561 housing units at an average density of 1431.6/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White, 1.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 2.3% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.5% of the population.
There were 14,313 households, of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.94.
The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 24.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,003 people, 9,376 households, and 5,925 families residing in the city. The population density was 3033sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 9,885 housing units at an average density of 1303.3sp=usNaNsp=us. By 2008, the city's population had increased to 33,239. According to U.S. Census figures from the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the city's population was 93.6% white, 0.2% black, 1.6% American Indian, 1.1% Asian, 1.2% other race, and 2.3% two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos, who may be of any race, formed 7.2% of the city's population.
There were 9,376 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,197, and the median income for a family was $36,284. Males had a median income of $31,128 versus $23,579 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,234. About 12.2% of families and 34.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
The city council has 8 members as of 2019, representing 4 wards and are elected to 4 year terms by the city. The city council and mayor are not paid, and they volunteer their time. The council oversees the city government and chooses the city manager. The mayor's job is to provide leadership and preside over city council meetings. The Mayor can also issue vetoes and make a tiebreaker vote. Grants Pass is conservative leaning and represented in the United States House of Representatives by Congressman Cliff Bentz (R-Ontario). At the state level of politics, Grants Pass is represented in the Oregon Senate by Art Robinson (R-Cave Junction) who holds Oregon's 2nd Senate district,[23] and represented in the Oregon House of Representatives by Lily Morgan (R-Grants Pass) holding Oregon's 3rd House district[24] and Christine Goodwin (R-Grants Pass) holding Oregon's 4th House district.[24]
The lumber industry was the major employer for Grants Pass up until the early 1970s. At that point the entire region started to see a steady decline in all lumber harvesting, production, and processing. Since then there has been a shift to a large service industry sector covering areas of outdoors/sports/recreation and health care infrastructure. This is augmented by multiple small and medium businesses and growth in marijuana-related businesses due to state legalization.
Boatnik, a hydroplane boat race and carnival event, is held every Memorial Day weekend in Riverside Park.[25]
They also host the Josephine County Fair which usually occurs in late August.[26]
The historic Rogue Theatre downtown has been transformed into a performing arts venue that hosts mostly local acts.[27] The Grants Pass Towne Center Association's "Back to the '50s" Celebration includes free concerts, a nearly 600-vehicle Classic Car Cruise, poker runs, and thematic shopping in the town's downtown historic district.[28]
Year round, there are First Friday Art Nights. On the first Friday of every month, many of the city's downtown stores hold art shows and promotional events.[29]
The Grants Pass post office contains two tempera murals done through the U.S. Treasury Department Section on Fine Arts (often mistakenly referred to as the "WPA"), both painted in 1938. There are ten government-sponsored New Deal era murals in Oregon; Grants Pass is the only post office that contains two. The murals are "Rogue River Indians" by Louis DeMott Bunce (who also painted a 1959 mural at Portland International Airport) and "Early and Contemporary Industries" by Eric Lamade.[30]
The Caveman Bridge on 6th Street was built by Conde McCullough in 1933. The through arch design bridge has been a landmark of Grants Pass for many years, and the bridge was refurbished in 2019. The Redwood Empire sign at the beginning of the bridge has also been a landmark for many years, and it was redone in 2021 due to a car crash.[31]
Grants Pass has numerous and diverse parks and green spaces.[32] Notable city-run parks include Riverside Park, summer home to the local Concerts in the Park series, and the Reinhart Volunteer Park, a park largely built through the efforts of community volunteers and featuring facilities for many sports.[33] [34] In addition, the BLM run Cathedral Hills recreation area on the outskirts of Grants Pass is home to several endangered species of plants, the largest whiteleaf manzanita in the state as well the tallest knobcone pine.[35] Grants Pass is a Tree City USA Community and has been for 35 years.[36]
The city was involved in litigation before the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, regarding an ordinance preventing homeless people from camping in its parks.[37] On June 28, 2024, in a 6–3 decision, the Court upheld the city's ordinance.[38]
Grants Pass area public schools are served by Grants Pass School District, including Grants Pass High School, and Three Rivers School District, including Illinois Valley High School, North Valley High School, Rivers Edge Academy Charter School, and Hidden Valley High School. Rogue Community College's (RCC) main (Redwood Campus) is located south of Grants Pass on Redwood Highway with additional campuses located in Medford, Oregon (Riverside Campus) and White City (Table Rock Campus).[39]
The City of Grants Pass is served by individual departments, each with their own respective buildings. [40]
The Grants Pass Daily Courier is the region's newspaper. The newspaper was established in 1885 with the name "Grant's Pass Courier" and then "Rogue River Courier." After the newspaper became a daily, the name was changed to what it is today.
The other paper of record in Josephine County is the Illinois Valley News in Cave Junction established in 1937.
Grants Pass is featured in the Route 66 episode "Three Sides".