Grand Paris Express Explained
| Box Width: | 280px |
| Grand Paris Express |
| Locale: | Île-de-France |
| Transit Type: | Rapid transit |
| Began Operation: | 24 June 2024 (Line 14 extension) |
| Operator: | Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders |
| Owner: | RATP |
| Lines: | 6 (4 new lines, 2 extended lines) |
| Stations: | 68[1] |
| System Length: | 200km (100miles)[2] |
The Grand Paris Express is a project consisting of new rapid transit lines and the extension of existing lines being built in the Île-de-France region of France. The project comprises four new lines for the Paris Métro, plus extensions of the existing Lines 11 and 14. A total of 200km (100miles) of new tracks and 68 new stations are to be added, serving a projected 2 million passengers a day.[3]
The constructed lines are planned to open in stages, starting with the Line 14 extension in June 2024, until 2030.[4]
Since August 2013, the New Grand Paris steering committee has met quarterly.[5] The first public inquiry, focused on the southern section of Line 15 from to Noisy–Champs, was held from October to mid-November 2013.[6] Work on Line 15 began in 2015. Its first section between Métro station and Noisy–Champs RER A station was scheduled at that time to open around 2020, but this has now been pushed back to 2025. This line was first proposed in the Orbival project, then integrated into the Arc Express.
Line 11 extension
See main article: Paris Métro Line 11. To ensure better commuter service to the inner northeastern suburbs, a six-station, 5.4km (03.4miles) eastern extension of Line 11, not considered part of the Grand Paris Express project, opened from Mairie des Lilas to Rosny-sous-Bois. The scheme was initially lobbied for by the local authorities of these suburbs, and was adopted during the 2007 review of the Île-de-France Transportation Plan. Work on the extension to Rosny – Bois-Perrier started in 2015[7] and opened on 13 June 2024.[8] It provides connections with the RER E and an eventual extension of Île-de-France tramway Line 1, which better links central Paris with the commuter hub of Châtelet–Les Halles.
List of new stations and connections (with opening dates)| New stations | Towns served | Connection | Opening
date |
|---|
| Serge Gainsbourg | Les Lilas | | 13 June 2024 |
| Place Carnot | Romainville, Noisy-le-Sec | |
| Montreuil Hôpital | Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec | (potential) |
| La Dhuys | Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois | |
| Côteaux Beauclair | Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois | |
| Rosny – Bois-Perrier | Rosny-sous-Bois | | |
Revisions in the Grand Paris Express Plan and possible automation
A revised plan for the proposed Grand Paris Express subway system was unveiled on 6 March 2013, and calls for a second extension of Line 11 to be built towards, this second extension being considered part of the Grand Paris Express project. The target opening date is 2030, but might be pushed back. Should the second extension be built, Line 11 will eventually be fully automated.[9] Automatic train operation was not implemented with the Rosny extension, although the RATP and STIF had considered the possibility of adding it later on.
Rolling stock
Line 11 was the first metro line converted to rubber-tyred pneumatic operation, and its first set of rubber-tyred rolling stock was the MP 55, which operated from October 1956 through January 1999. They were then replaced by refurbished MP 59 stock from Line 4. The MP 55 stock consisted of 4 carriages, as did the replacement MP 59 stock. One MP 73 of line 6 was in service on the 11 as well.
Île-de-France Mobilités planned to replace the aging fleet of Line 11 with series trains around the time of the opening of the extension to Rosny-sous-Bois. The new trains are driver-operated as the MP 59 fleet was, but they are 5 cars long and have open gangways.[10] [11] An initial 20 trains were ordered in February 2018, with an additional 19 trains ordered in July 2021. Production began in late 2020, and testing in summer 2021.
The first new MP 14 CC (manual transit) were deployed in June 2023, with four new trains entering service each Tuesday to replace four MP 59 transferred to the Rosny-sous-Bois workshop on Monday nights to be retired. Twenty new MP 14-manual transit were deployed by summer 2023, with an additional nineteen new trains deployed in spring 2024 to serve the extension to .[12] The ceremonial final runs of the MP 59 took place on 23 May 2024, with #'s 6069, 6073 and 6087 being the final three to be withdrawn.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wt2YQNJviYg
Line 14 extension
See main article: Paris Métro Line 14.
Northern extension of Line 14
The automated Line 14 was extended north from to Mairie de Saint-Ouen, with the primary aim of reducing overcrowding on Line 13.[13] The adopted solution connects both branches of Line 13 to Line 14, with stations at on the Asnières – Gennevilliers branch and on the Saint-Denis branch. An additional station connects with the RER C station, and another with the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare lines at, and the final one with the RER D at . Construction on the extension began in 2014, with an aim of completion by 2019.[14] Completion was later pushed back to 2020 after flooding from the water table stopped the tunnel works for a year. The COVID-19 pandemic then further delayed the opening to December 2020.[15] The extension opened on 24 June 2024, just a month before the 2024 Summer Olympics.[16]
Southern extension of Line 14
Line 14 was also extended south from towards Orly Airport. The extension travels southeastward from Olympiades to, interchanging with Line 7's Villejuif branch, and opened on 24 June 2024 (again, just a month before the 2024 Summer Olympics).
With both extensions complete, it is expected that Line 14 will eventually be merged into the proposed Grand Paris Express system.[17]
Rolling stock
In February 2012 the STIF announced that with the two extensions planned, the brand new MP 14 class of rolling stock would replace the MP89 CA and MP 05 stock on Line 14 starting from 2020. This new stock is in eight-car train formations, longer than previously employed anywhere on the Paris Métro but which the length of all Line 14 stations was planned for. The previous MP 89 CA and MP 05 stock was then reassigned to the newly automated line 4, alongside some 6-car MP 14s. They replaced its manually driven MP 89 CC rolling stock, which was refurbished before going to line 6 to replace the aging MP 73 rolling stock.[18]
Line 15
See main article: Paris Métro Line 15.
| Box Width: | 350px |
| Text Color: | white |
| Line Name: | Line 15 |
| Network: | Paris Métro |
| Year Opened: | 2025–2030 |
| Terminus: |
Champigny Centre station |
| Operator Org: | Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders |
| Conducting System: | Automated |
| Rolling Stock: | Alstom Metropolis MR6V |
| Number Stations: | 36 |
| Length: | 75 |
| Connecting Lines: | |
Line 15 will be a high-capacity underground rail line, providing a new ring line around Paris in the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. It will enable direct journeys between the suburbs, bypassing central Paris.[19] [20] The configuration of the line is very similar to that of the Arc Express, proposed by the RATP in 2006. It was later included in the red line project of the Grand Paris public transportation network, introduced by French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2009. In March 2013, the "New Grand Paris" project was announced by the Prime Minister at the time, Jean-Marc Ayrault. At this time, the line acquired its current line 15 naming.[21]
Line 15 is planned to open in phases from 2025 through 2030.[22] It will create a loop connecting Noisy–Champs to Champigny, passing through Champigny-sur-Marne, Créteil, Villejuif, La Défense, Saint-Denis and Rosny-sous-Bois.
Proposed timeline
On 22 February 2018, a new timeline is announced by Prime minister Édouard Philippe:[23]
- During 2014: Public inquiry on the eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre.
- Early 2015: Groundbreaking of the southern section spanning Pont-de-Sèvres to Noisy–Champs.
- 2024, postponed to 2025 in September 2018: Southern section from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs put into service.
- 2030: western section from Pont de Sèvres to Saint-Denis–Pleyel and eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre put into service.
Previous timeline
In 2013, the government led by Ayrault proposed this timeline for the line 15 project:[24] [25]
- 2014: Public inquiry on the eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre.
- Early-2015: Groundbreaking for the southern section between Pont-de-Sèvres and Noisy–Champs.
- 2020: Groundbreaking of the section from Pont-de-Sèvres to Nanterre and from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Rosny-Bois-Perrier on the northern section.
- 2022: Southern section from Pont-de-Sèvres to Noisy–Champs opens.
- Early 2025: Segments from Pont-de-Sèvres to Nanterre and from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Rosny-Bois-Perrier of the northern section put into service.
- 2025: Groundbreaking of the segment from Nanterre to Saint-Denis–Pleyel via La Défense-Grande-Arche of the northern section.
- Early 2030: Segment from Nanterre to Saint-Denis–Pleyel via La Défense-Grande-Arche of the northern section put into service.
- End of 2030: Northern section from Rosny to Champigny completed.
Rolling stock
The proposed rolling stock for line 15 is a new automated design, using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification, with a width of . Alstom has been chosen to build these trains. The names of the trains are the Alstom Metropolis MR3V/MR6V (MR6V (6-car variant for line 15) and MR3V (3-car variant for lines 16 and 17)).[26]
The specifications of the trains travelling line 15 and their operation are as follows:[27] [28]
- Train width: minimum
- Train length:, made up of 6 cars with full-open interior gangways
- Train capacity: 960 passengers (at 4 passengers per m²)
- Bearings: iron
- Electric traction current: 1500 volt direct current via pantograph and contact wires[29]
- Operation: Fully automated
- Maximum speed: [30]
- Average operating speed:
- Theoretical morning rush hour throughput: 34 560 passengers per hour[31]
- Average interval: 3 to 4 minutes
- Minimum interval: 2 minutes
Lines 16 and 17
See main article: Paris Métro Line 16 and Paris Métro Line 17.
| Box Width: | 350px | | Text Color: | white | | Line Name: | Line 16 | | Network: | Paris Métro | | Year Opened: | 2026-2028 | | Terminus: |
| | Operator Org: | Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders | | Conducting System: | Automated | | Rolling Stock: | Alstom Metropolis MR3V | | Number Stations: | 10 | | Length: | 25 |
| | Box Width: | 350px | | Text Color: | white | | Line Name: | Line 17 | | Network: | Paris Métro | | Year Opened: | 2026–2030 | | Terminus: |
| | Operator Org: | Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders | | Conducting System: | Automated | | Rolling Stock: | Alstom Metropolis MR3V | | Number Stations: | 9 | | Length: | 25 |
| |
Line 16 is planned to open in between 2026 and 2028.
Line 17 is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030.
Rolling stock
The proposed rolling stock for lines 16 and 17 is a new automated design with a width of, using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification. The rolling stocks for the line is the Alstom Metropolis MR3V (3-car variant) https://www.iledefrance-mobilites.fr/medias/portail-idfm/d2b73925-aa17-452d-b662-c466dbbe3e04_Journe%CC%81e-dinformation-aux-ope%CC%81rateurs-_Socie%CC%81te%CC%81-du-Grand-Paris-_-13062019.pdf
Line 18
See main article: Paris Métro Line 18.
| Box Width: | 350px |
| Text Color: | white |
| Line Name: | Line 18 |
| Network: | Paris Métro |
| Year Opened: | 2026–2030 |
| Terminus: | Versailles-Chantiers
Orly airport |
| Operator Org: | Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders |
| Conducting System: | Automated |
| Number Stations: | 13 |
| Length: | 50 |
Line 18 is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030.[4]
Rolling stock
The proposed rolling stock for line 18 is the MRV (Matériel Roulant Voyageurs), a new automated design with a width of, using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and third rail electrification. Alstom has been chosen to build these trains.
Reception
The Grand Paris Express development has received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design in 2023.[32]
Notes and References
- Web site: The Metro: a Parisian institution . . 2014-01-29 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170218211345/http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/c_10556/the-metro-a-parisian-institution/ . 18 February 2017. The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system, within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station "Funiculaire".
- Web site: Brief history of the Paris metro . france.fr – The official website of France . 2013-09-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130926181613/http://www.france.fr/en/paris-and-its-surroundings/brief-history-paris-metro . 26 September 2013.
- Web site: Grand Paris Express, the largest transport project in Europe. 11 January 2020. Société du Grand Paris. 11 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220411214218/https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/info/grand-paris-express-largest-transport-project-europe-1061. dead.
- Web site: Création des nouvelles lignes reliant le Nouveau Grand Paris . . fr . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141119113117/http://www.stif.org/developpements-avenir/nouveau-grand-paris/metro/projets/lignes-16-17-18-du-nouveau-grand-paris-4899.html . 19 November 2014 .
- Web site: Installation du comité de pilotage du Nouveau Grand Paris. developpement-durable.gouv.fr. 21 June 2015. Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie. 28 August 2013. 22 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622024544/http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Installation-du-comite-de-pilotage.html. dead.
- Web site: Métro ligne 15 – STIF . stif.org . 21 June 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150608014202/http://www.stif.org/developpements-et-avenir/nouveau-grand-paris/metro/projets/article/metro-ligne-quinze.html . 8 June 2015 .
- Web site: Prolongement de la ligne 11: le tunnelier inauguré, six nouvelles stations de métro en 2023. 6 June 2020. France 3 Paris Ile-de-France. fr. 30 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201030204525/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/paris-ile-de-france/seine-saint-denis/prolongement-ligne-11-tunnelier-inaugure-six-nouvelles-stations-metro-2023-1725603.html. live.
- 13 June 2024 . Focus on the extension of line 11 . . 2024-06-13.
- News: Nouveau Grand Paris» : l'État engage 27 milliards pour le métro parisien . 6 March 2013 . fr . 25 June 2016 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222856/http://www.lesechos.fr/06/03/2013/lesechos.fr/0202626990936_-nouveau-grand-paris----l-etat-engage-27-milliards-pour-le-metro-parisien.htm . live .
- Press release: "Le prolongement de la ligne 11 du métro à Rosny-Bois-Perrier à l’enquête publique en 2013", STIF, 13 February 2013
- Web site: Le métro parisien passe au bleu. Le Parisien. 11 December 2018. Jila. Varoquier. 12 December 2018. fr.
- Web site: Grand Paris : la ligne 11 du métro fait sa révolution en s'équipant (enfin) de rames neuves. Grand Paris: line 11 of the metro is undergoing a revolution by (finally) equipping itself with new trains. French. Hasse. Benoît. 2023-07-09. Retrieved 2023-07-09
- Web site: Prolongement de la ligne 14 de Saint-Lazare à Mairie de Saint-Ouen. RATP. fr. 17 November 2011. 10 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130910220025/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/c_11634/carte-d-identite/. dead.
- Web site: Grand Paris : le prolongement des lignes 12 et 14 du métro retardé de deux ans. Par Julien Duffé Le 23 octobre 2014. à 13h09. 23 October 2014. Le Parisien. 18 May 2022. 18 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220518234000/https://www.leparisien.fr/archives/grand-paris-le-prolongement-de-la-ligne-14-du-metro-retarde-a-mi-2019-23-10-2014-4236029.php. live.
- Web site: A Paris, la ligne 14 du métro en plein essor, la 13 toujours aussi chargée. 5 March 2021. Le Monde. 5 March 2021. 5 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210305222740/https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2021/03/05/a-paris-la-ligne-14-du-metro-en-plein-essor-la-13-toujours-aussi-chargee_6072116_3234.html. live.
- Web site: Compagnon . Sébastian . Gairaud . Marie-Anne . 2024-06-24 . Ligne 14 de Saint-Denis - Pleyel à l'aéroport d'Orly : "Ces nouvelles stations, c'est vraiment waouh !" . 2024-06-24 . leparisien.fr . fr-FR.
- http://www.symbioz.net/index.php?id=99 Grand Paris Express
- Web site: Archived copy . 8 March 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121014065246/http://www.stif.info/IMG/pdf/STIF_-_Modernisation_du_metro.pdf . 14 October 2012 . Modernisation du métro (in French). STIF. Retrieved 11 February 2012
- Web site: Acte motivé. societedugrandparis.fr. 21 June 2015. 26 May 2011. 34, 35, 45. https://web.archive.org/web/20150708120938/http://www.societedugrandparis.fr/liste-documents-multimedia/documents-de-reference. 8 July 2015. dead.
- Web site: ratp.fr – The Greater Paris Express project. ratp.fr. 21 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150801074659/http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/r_33841/the-greater-paris-express-project/. 1 August 2015. dead.
- Web site: Le Nouveau Grand Paris : pour une région compétitive et solidaire. archives.gouvernement.fr. 21 June 2015. 6 March 2013. 22 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622024714/http://archives.gouvernement.fr/ayrault/premier-ministre/le-nouveau-grand-paris-pour-une-region-competitive-et-solidaire.html. dead.
- Web site: Grand Paris Express. 29 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170811183927/https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/150305_sgp-tp_brochure-issylesmoulineaux-a5-pdf.pdf. 11 August 2017. dead.
- Web site: La nouvelle feuille de route du Grand Paris Express . 22 February 2018 . societedugrandparis.fr . 16 May 2021 . 30 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200930221345/https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/gpe/actualite/la-nouvelle-feuille-de-route-du-grand-paris-express-1683 . live . .
- Web site: Le Nouveau Grand Paris. 6 March 2013. 21 June 2015. archives.gouvernement.fr/. Service de presse de Matignon. 22 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622025147/http://archives.gouvernement.fr/ayrault/sites/default/files/fichiers_joints/nouveau-grand-paris_0.pdf. dead.
- Web site: Nouveau Grand Paris : le comité de pilotage installé. 21 June 2015. Boughriet. Rachida. 28 August 2013. Actu Environnement. 23 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140223113904/http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/comite-pilotage-nouveau-grand-paris-19303.php4. live.
- Web site: Le Grand Paris Express Un projet pour le XXIe siècle . Île-de-France Mobilités . Société du Grand Paris . 13 July 2023 . fr . 13 June 2019 . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118035758/https://www.iledefrance-mobilites.fr/medias/portail-idfm/d2b73925-aa17-452d-b662-c466dbbe3e04_Journe%CC%81e-dinformation-aux-ope%CC%81rateurs-_Socie%CC%81te%CC%81-du-Grand-Paris-_-13062019.pdf . live .
- Web site: Dossier d'enquête préalable à la déclaration d'utilité publique – Tronçon Pont-de-Sèvres < > Noisy–Champs (Ligne rouge – 15 Sud) – Pièce C – Présentation du programme. enquetepubliquelignerouge15sud.fr. 21 June 2015. Préfecture d'Île-de-France. fr.
- Web site: Transports: Le Grand Paris rebaptisé et précisé. 21 June 2015. Gabriel. Oihana. 6 March 2013. 20 minutes. fr. 18 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150618031542/http://www.20minutes.fr/paris/1113363-20130306-transports-nouveau-grand-paris-voit-jour. live.
- Egis et Setec décrochent un gros lot du Grand Paris. 21 June 2015. Usinenouvelle.com. 11 September 2013. Ragu. Didier. fr. 22 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622031639/http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/egis-et-setec-decrochent-un-gros-lot-du-grand-paris.N204515. live.
- Web site: Une offre adaptée aux territoires. 21 June 2015. Société du Grand Paris. 1 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20170701042441/https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/focus/le-systeme-de-transport/offre-adaptee-aux-territoires. 1 July 2017. fr.
- Web site: Étude Prévisions de trafic (RATP). cpdp.debatpublic.fr. 21 June 2015. 18 October 2010. Société du Grand Paris. fr. 20 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161020233548/http://cpdp.debatpublic.fr/cpdp-grandparis/site/DEBATPUBLIC_GRANDPARIS_ORG/_SCRIPT/NTSP_DOCUMENT_FILE_DOWNLOAD500D.PDF. live.
- Web site: Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design . Oct 16, 2024 . gsd.harvard.edu.
