Grand Marais, Minnesota Explained

Grand Marais
Settlement Type:City
Mapsize:250x200px
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Minnesota
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Cook
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[1]
Area Total Km2:7.53
Area Land Km2:7.53
Area Water Km2:0.00
Area Total Sq Mi:2.91
Area Land Sq Mi:2.91
Area Water Sq Mi:0.00
Population As Of:2020
Population Est:1340
Pop Est As Of:2021
Population Total:1337
Population Density Km2:177.46
Population Density Sq Mi:459.61
Timezone:CST
Utc Offset:-6
Timezone Dst:CDT
Utc Offset Dst:-5
Elevation M:188
Elevation Ft:617
Coordinates:47.7539°N -90.3353°W
Postal Code Type:ZIP code
Postal Code:55604
Area Code:218
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:27-24992[2]
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:0656425[3]

Grand Marais [4] is a city and the county seat of Cook County, Minnesota, United States, of which it is the only municipality. It is on Lake Superior's North Shore. Grand Marais had a population of 1,337 at the 2020 census.[5] Before it was settled by French Canadians and before Minnesota's statehood, it was inhabited by the Ojibwe.

The Gunflint Trail, a National Scenic Byway, begins in Grand Marais and ends near the border with Ontario.

History

The Ojibwe name for the area is Gichi-biitoobiig, which means "great duplicate water," "parallel body of water" or "double body of water" (like a bayou), a reference to the two bays that form this large harbor of Lake Superior.

The area was a bustling fur trading station in the 1700s, and the French Canadian Voyageurs termed the settled village "Grand Marais" ("Great Marsh"), referring to a marsh that, in early fur-trading times, was 20 acres (8.1 ha) or less in area, nearly at the level of Lake Superior, and at the head of the little bay and harbor that led to the settlement of the village there. Another small bay on the east, less protected from storms, is separated from the harbor by a slight projecting point and a short beach. "Grand Marais" also may mean "sheltered water area", as the harbor has natural breakwall rock outcroppings, providing a natural safe harbor for early Lake Superior explorers.

The area is home to several nonprofit educational institutions, such as the Grand Marais Art Colony and the North House Folk School, and art galleries featuring the work of local and regional artists.

On April 13, 2020, a large fire swept through downtown Grand Marais, destroying three buildings: The Crooked Spoon Cafe, White Pine North, and Picnic and Pine. The fire burned for over three hours in intense winds.[6]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.9sqmi, all land.[7] Grand Marais is on the northwestern shore of Lake Superior. It is an entry point for the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, at the beginning of the Gunflint Trail. The Superior Hiking Trail passes near Grand Marais, and Judge C. R. Magney State Park is nearby.

The land surrounding Grand Marais slopes up to form the Sawtooth Bluff, a dramatic rock face visible from nearly any vantage point in the city. Adjacent to the bluff is Pincushion Mountain, a large bald monolith with views of Lake Superior and the inland wilderness.

Grand Marais Harbor is protected by Artist's Point, a barrier island formed by lava that was connected to the mainland by gravel deposited by lake currents, forming a tombolo. An Arctic–alpine disjunct community survives there.[8] [9]

Road access to Grand Marais is by Minnesota Highway 61, which follows the shore of Lake Superior, and is known as the North Shore Scenic Drive. The Gunflint Trail (Cook County Road 12) begins in Grand Marais and heads northwest, away from the lake and into the Boundary Waters region.

Grand Marais is 110miles northeast of Duluth and 38miles southwest of the Canada–US border.

Climate

Grand Marais has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), like the rest of northern Minnesota. Because of the moderating influence of Lake Superior, summer temperatures are cooler, winter temperatures warmer, and the seasonal temperature difference is smaller than locations farther inland. With average highs of just below in July and August, Grand Marais has the coolest summer temperatures of any weather station in Minnesota. The difference between the temperature of the warmest and coldest months is only, significantly smaller than, the seasonal temperature difference in Tower, about to the west.[10] Despite being significantly farther north, Grand Marais lies in USDA hardiness zone 4b like Duluth and Minneapolis,[11] with an average yearly minimum temperature of .[12]

When winds come from the south, hot temperatures can sometimes hit Grand Marais in spite of the mild summer averages. The warmest temperature recorded is 100F in July 1930. The coldest temperature measured is -35F from 1934. Cold daytime maximums are less frequent than in Minnesota's interior but can still be very cold on occasion. The coldest maximum recorded is -14F in 2013 and during the 1991 to 2020 normals the mean for the coldest maximum was 0F. The warmest overnight lows in Grand Marais were two 75F readings during the summer of 1937. On average, the warmest low of the year is 64F.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,351 people, 673 households, and 331 families in the city. The population density was 465.9PD/sqmi. There were 863 housing units, with an average density of 297.6/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% white, 0.4% African American, 2.4% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino residents of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 673 households, of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.8% were non-families; 43.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 persons, and the average family size was 2.67.

The median age in the city was 48.4 years; 18.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.2% were from 25 to 44; 30.8% were from 45 to 64; and 23% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.9% male and 54.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,353 people, 645 households, and 341 families residing in the city. The population density was 506.7sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 722 housing units, with an average density of 270.4sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the city was 94.97% white, 2.81% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 1.85% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino residents of any race were 0.74% of the population. According to the census, 23.3% were of Norwegian, 20.2% German, 11.8% Swedish, 7.0% Irish and 6.1% English ancestry.

There were 645 households, of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families; 42.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the city 18.8% of the population were under the age of 18; 6.1% were from 18 to 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 26.3% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45. For every 100 females, there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,493, and the median income for a family was $46,563. Males had a median income of $31,500. The median income for females was $23,393. The per capita income for the city was $21,863. About 7.4% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Due to the pleasant summer climate with Lake Superior's cooling and temperature moderating effect, and due to the lake-effect snow in winter, tourism is a large component of the town's economy. Grand Marais hosts numerous festivals. They celebrate the history and culture of the North Shore and the city itself.

The downtown area features two buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the 1896 Lightkeeper's House, which is home to the Cook County History Museum, and the Bally Blacksmith Shop, built in 1911 and home to a local family of smiths for nearly a century.

Government

Presidential elections results[15] [16]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird parties
202027.0% 24169.8% 6233.2% 29
201630.5% 24260.1% 4779.4% 75
201233.3% 26562.9% 5003.8% 30
200840.9% 29656.3% 4072.8% 20
200445.0% 38252.7% 4472.3% 20
200044.7% 37146.7% 3888.6% 71
199643.8% 34446.6% 3669.6% 76
199236.4% 30236.4% 30227.2% 226
198849.7% 43150.3% 4370.0% 0
198455.8% 50144.2% 3970.0% 0
198057.5% 51433.4% 2999.1% 81
197653.5% 41643.1% 3353.4% 26
197262.6% 43836.3% 2541.1% 8
196855.8% 38440.3% 2773.9% 27
196445.9% 33254.1% 3910.0% 0
196063.5% 44336.5% 2550.0% 0

Education

All of the county is zoned to Cook County ISD 166.[17]

Media

Newspapers

Radio

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. July 24, 2022.
  2. Web site: U.S. Census website . . January 31, 2008 .
  3. Web site: US Board on Geographic Names. January 31, 2008. United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007.
  4. Web site: Minnesota Pronunciation Guide . . July 4, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722194213/http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html . July 22, 2011 .
  5. Web site: Explore Census Data . . June 9, 2022.
  6. Web site: Silence . Rhonda . Mayor talks about COVID-19, downtown fire . wtip.org . 20 April 2020 . July 11, 2021.
  7. Web site: US Gazetteer files 2010 . . November 13, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt . January 25, 2012 .
  8. Web site: Planning Framework: North Shore Scenic Drive: All-American Road. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002234459/http://www.changinglandscapes.umn.edu/sites/changinglandscapes.umn.edu/files/nssd_planning_framework.pdf . 2015-10-02 . live . Center for Changing Landscapes . University of Minnesota.
  9. Web site: Appendix: North Shore Scenic Drive: All-American Road. https://web.archive.org/web/20151003025216/http://www.changinglandscapes.umn.edu/sites/changinglandscapes.umn.edu/files/nssd_appendix.pdf . 2015-10-03 . live . Center for Changing Landscapes . University of Minnesota.
  10. Web site: Temperature Summary for Station USC00218311 - TOWER 2S, MN . Midwest Regional Climate Center . August 14, 2016 . September 19, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919211646/http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/mw_climate/climateSummaries/climSummOut_temp.jsp?stnId=USC00218311 . dead .
  11. Web site: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map . Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture . 2012 . August 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ . February 27, 2014 . dead .
  12. Web site: GRAND MARAIS, MINNESOTA (213282): Monthly Minimum of Minimum Daily Temperature (Degrees Fahrenheit) . Western Regional Climate Center . August 14, 2016.
  13. Accessed June 27, 2011."Grand Marais Fisherman's Picnic August 4–7, 2011"
  14. Web site: Fisherman's Picnic . https://web.archive.org/web/20120116142904/http://www.eastbaysuites.com/activities-and-events/events/fishermans-picnic.php . 16 January 2012 . dead.
  15. Web site: Minnesota Secretary of State-Election Results. Minnesota Secretary of State. February 24, 2021.
  16. Web site: Presidential General Election Results. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. February 24, 2021.
  17. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cook County, MN. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812062215/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27031_cook/DC20SD_C27031.pdf . 2021-08-12 . live. United States Census Bureau. August 12, 2021.
  18. Web site: Cook County News Herald .
  19. Web site: Northern Wilds Media .