| Native Name: | German: Großherzogtum Niederrhein |
| Conventional Long Name: | Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine |
| Common Name: | Lower Rhine |
| Image Map Caption: | The Lower Rhine Province (red), within the Kingdom of Prussia (blue), within the German Confederation (member states in tan) |
| Subdivision: | Province |
| Nation: | Kingdom of Prussia |
| Year Start: | 1815 |
| Year End: | 1822 |
| P1: | Electorate of Trier |
| P2: | County of ManderscheidManderscheid |
| P3: | Malmedy |
| P4: | Free Imperial City of Aachen |
| P5: | Electorate of the PalatinatePalatinate |
| P6: | Luxembourg |
| P7: | Duchy of Limburg |
| S1: | Rhine Province |
| Flag S1: | Flagge Preußen - Rheinland.svg |
| Today: | North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Hesse Saarland Eupen-Malmedy |
| Capital: | Koblenz |
| Stat Pop1: | 951,998 |
| Stat Year1: | 1816 |
| Stat Pop2: | 1,042,724 |
| Stat Year2: | 1822 |
| Political Subdiv: | Aachen Koblenz Trier |
The Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine (de|Großherzogtum Niederrhein), or simply known as the Lower Rhine Province (German: Provinz Niederrhein), was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and existed from 1815 to 1822.
The province was created after the Congress of Vienna in 1815, where Frederick William III was given the Rhineland and with it the title of Grand Duke of the Lower Rhine. This allowed Prussia to consolidate its Rhenish territories held since 1803, such as the Electorate of Trier, County of Manderscheid, Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, the previously Free Imperial City of Aachen, parts of Luxembourg and Limburg, as well as a few other small territories. On 22 April 1816, these territories were combined to form the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, with the provincial capital situated in Koblenz.
On 22 June 1822, by order of the Prussian cabinet, this province was fused with the neighbouring (lower) Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg to form the Rhine Province, of which the former duchy was the upper part.