Grand Contour Canal Explained

The Grand Contour Canal in England and Wales was intended to enhance and upgrade the British canal system, but was never built. This canal was proposed in 1943, and again ten years later, by J F Pownall. Pownall observed that there was a natural 'contour' down the spine of England, around the 300 ft level that connected several of the most populated areas. He put forward the idea that this contour could be used to define the course of a large European sized canal which contained no locks except at its entry and exit points. It would also serve as a water grid capable of distributing domestic water supply around England as need arises.

The proposal would have accommodated 300-ton continental-size barges.[1] Feeder conduit canals at the same contour level would have been used to bring water into the system from North Wales, The Pennines and the South West Peninsula.

It was also named The Three-hundred-foot Canal for its height above sea level, 310feet. It was to be 100feet wide by 17feet deep, with 25feet headroom. (For comparison, this would be a CEMT Class VIb waterway, carrying ships of similar size to the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal.)

It was intended to connect the major industrial centres of London, Bristol, Southampton, Coventry, Birmingham, Nottingham, Derby, Chester, Manchester, Blackburn, Bradford, Hartlepool and Newcastle, with vertical lift locks at the nine termini, having tanks 250feet by 35feet by 14feet draught. A 6miles long tunnel was proposed between Airedale and Ribblesdale.

The scheme was intended both for transport and for a water supply grid, for water distribution is a major problem in London and South East England.

In 2012 the scheme was brought back to attention after Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London, showed his support for the scheme as a way to transport water from the higher, and wetter, areas of Wales, Scotland, and northern England to the 'breadbasket' of the south east.[2] A maximum flow of water of some 2000cuft/s anywhere in either direction was visualised, sourced from the Northern Pennines 800sqmi, the Dee, the Severn and the Wye 1040sqmi and Exmoor 160sqmi.

Earlier schemes

The Elan Valley Reservoirs scheme (1892) in mid-Wales (capacity 99,000 megalitres) which includes (with four others) the Craig Goch Dam[3] provides water to Birmingham (pop. 1 million), but was designed looking forward 63 years.[4] [5] [6]

Lake Vyrnwy was created by the construction of the first large masonry dam in Britain, between 1881 and 1888, to provide an urgently needed new water supply for the growing city of Liverpool, and the water from the Welsh mountains was to be carried by an aqueduct to the city.[7]

The Longdendale Reservoir, in the Pennines 18miles east of Manchester, was one of the first of its kind in the country when it was opened in 1851. By 1875 it was obvious that growing population of the city would need even more water, so plans were drawn up to construct a reservoir in the Lake District.[8] Thirlmere (1894) now provides water for Manchester 100miles away.

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.waterwaysworld.com/latestpost.cgi?post=2602 Boris revives Pownall's Grand Contour Canal
  2. Web site: Ignore this rain, it's the drought that we need to think about . Boris . Johnson . Daily Telegraph . 12 June 2011.
  3. Web site: Elan Valley dams - Craig Goch dam . Powys Digital History Project . 22 August 2013.
  4. William Bradford et al, 2010, "A review of the 1892 water demand forecast for Birmingham", Institution of Civil Engineers, London
  5. Journal of Engineering History and Heritage, 163, 39-49
  6. 'The Future Water Supply of Birmingham' by Thomas Barclay, published in 1898
  7. Web site: Llanfyllin and district - Lake Vyrnwy . Powys Digital History Project . 22 August 2013.
  8. Web site: Public Health in 19th Century Manchester - Water Supply . King David High School . 22 August 2013 . 27 April 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150427170705/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/13398/water_supply . dead .