Grand-Place, Tournai Explained

Grand-Place
Map Type:	Belgium
Coordinates:	50.6064°N 3.3864°W
Location:	Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium

The Grand-Place (in French ɡʁɑ̃ plas/; "Grand Square") is the main square and the centre of activity of Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium. The square has a triangular shape, owing it to the convergence of several ancient roads,^[1] and it covers 7500m².

As in many Belgian cities, there are a number of cafés and pubs on the Grand-Place. In the middle of the square there are a series of water fountains, while a circular staircase to the top of the city's Belfry can be climbed.^{[2] [3]}

History

The unusual triangular shape of the Grand-Place is due to the convergence of several ancient roads.^[4] Originally located outside the first city walls, this vast area was used as a cemetery in its western part, from the 1st to the 4th century AD.

During the Carolingian era, with the resumption of large-scale trade in Western Europe, the long-abandoned cemetery was transformed into a marketplace. The economic importance of this market attracted large crowds. In 1187, when the town received its own charter guaranteeing it municipal freedoms from King Philippe Auguste of France, the residents of Tournai chose the Grand-Place to erect a belfry, a symbol of these hard-won freedoms. From then on, the square became the centre of community life.

On 16–17 May 1940, almost all the buildings in the centre of Tournai, including the Grand-Place, were destroyed by German bombs.^[5] They were rebuilt between the 1940s and the beginning of the 2000s, most of them in a historicist style.^[6]

Buildings

• The Belfry of Tournai, a freestanding bell tower of medieval origin, in height with a 256-step stairway. Since 2005, it is recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, as part of the bi-national inscription "Belfries of Belgium and France" in recognition of its architecture and importance in the history of municipal power in Europe.^[7]
• The Cloth Hall, a building originally constructed in 1610 in Renaissance style to replace a first 13th-century wooden hall. It was rebuilt identically in 1881 following its collapse.^[8]
• The Church of St. Quentin, a Catholic parish church in Romanesque style with Gothic elements, known to have existed since the 10th century. The current building was built around 1200, but has been altered several times throughout history.^[9] It contains important sculptures by the 15th-century sculptor Jean Delemer.^{[10] [11]}
• The Princess of Epinoy statue, a bronze statue made in 1863 by the sculptor Aimable Dutrieux in honour of Marie-Christine de Lalaing, who defended the city against Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, in 1581.

Notes and References

1. Web site: itinari . 2018-10-03 . Visit Grand-Place Tournai . 2022-03-10 . itinari . en.
2. Web site: The Grand Place . 2023-01-18 . Visittournai . en.
3. Web site: Tournai, le plus vieux Beffroi de Belgique . 2023-01-16 . Visittournai . fr.
4. Web site: Grand-Place . 2024-06-14 . TOURNAI.be . fr.
5. Web site: Colignon . Alain . Guerre aérienne en Belgique (La) . fr . Belgium WWII.
6. News: Tournai quasi détruite par les bombardements allemands et alliés lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale . Notélé . 14 May 1922 . fr.
7. Web site: Centre . UNESCO World Heritage . Belfries of Belgium and France . 2023-01-18 . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . en.
8. Web site: The Cloth Hall - Tournai . 2023-01-18 . Visittournai . en.
9. Web site: Eglise paroissiale (Eglise Saint-Quentin). French. . Inventaire du patrimoine immobilier culturel de Wallonie. 2 February 2022.
10. Book: Steyaert, J.. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000021971. Delemer, Jean. Oxford Art Online. 2003. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T021971. 978-1-884446-05-4. 2 February 2022.
11. Web site: Object number 10062545. . BALaT Belgian Art Links and Tools. Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage. 2 February 2022.