| Type: | city |
| Grafton | |
| State: | nsw |
| Coordinates: | -29.6833°N 152.9333°W |
| Relief: | 1 |
| Pop: | 19255 |
| Pop Year: | 2021 |
| Postcode: | 2460 |
| Elevation: | 5 |
| Dist1: | 620 |
| Dir1: | N |
| Location1: | Sydney |
| Dist2: | 345 |
| Dir2: | S |
| Location2: | Brisbane |
| Dist3: | 161 |
| Dir3: | E |
| Location3: | Glen Innes |
| Dist4: | 82 |
| Dir4: | NNW |
| Location4: | Coffs Harbour |
| Dist5: | 61 |
| Dir5: | SW |
| Location5: | Yamba |
| Lga: | Clarence Valley Council |
| Region: | Northern Rivers |
| County: | Clarence |
| Stategov: | Clarence |
| Fedgov: | Page |
| Maxtemp: | 25.8 |
| Mintemp: | 12.8 |
| Rainfall: | 1175.2 |
| Est: | 1851 |
Grafton (Bundjalung-Yugambeh: Gumbin Gir)[1] is a city in the Northern Rivers region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is located on the Clarence River, on a floodplain, approximately 608km (378miles) by road north-northeast of the state capital Sydney.
The closest major cities, Brisbane and the Gold Coast, are located across the border in South East Queensland. At the 2021 census, Grafton had a population of 19,255. The city is the largest settlement and, with Maclean, the shared administrative centre of the Clarence Valley Council local government area, which is home to over 50,000 people in all.
Before European settlement, the Clarence River marked the border between the Bundjalung[2] and Gumbaynggirr peoples, and so descendants of the speakers of both language-groups can now be found in the Grafton region.
Grafton, like many other settlements in the area, was first opened up to European settlement by the cedar-getters. An escaped convict, Richard Craig, explored the district in 1831.[3] With the wealth of "red gold" cedar just waiting for exploitation, he was given a pardon and one hundred pounds to bring a party of cedar-getters on the cutter Prince George to the region. Word of such wealth to be had did not take long to spread. One of the arrivals on the Susan in 1838, pioneer John Small, first occupied land on Woodford Island. 'The Settlement' (as the embryonic Grafton was then imaginatively named) was established shortly after.
In 1851 Governor FitzRoy officially named the town Grafton, after his grandfather, the Duke of Grafton, who had served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1768 to 1770.[4] Grafton was proclaimed a city in 1885. Local industries include logging, beef cattle, fishing/prawning, sugar, manufacturing and tourism.
The Grafton Bridge, connecting the main townsite with South Grafton, opened in 1932. It completed the standard-gauge rail connection between Sydney and Brisbane, also forming a vital link for the Pacific Highway. Previously the only way to travel from Grafton to South Grafton was via ferry. As a result, South Grafton developed quite a separate identity, and in fact had its own municipal government from 1896 to 1956.
The introduction of fluoride to the town water supply in 1964 was accompanied by protest which became physical. The fluoride plant was blown up the night before commencement, the dentist supporting fluoridation received bomb threats against his family and later pro- and anti-fluoridation float participants at the annual Jacaranda Festival came to blows and a gun was produced.[5] [6]
Grafton has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
At the 2021 census, Grafton had a population of 19,255.
According to the Census:
Grafton has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cfal) with significantly more rainfall in summer than in winter. Rainfall is lower than in stations directly on the coast, but monthly rain totals can often surpass 300mm. The wettest month since records began was March 1974 when Cyclone Zoe produced a monthly total of 549mm, whilst during periods of anticyclonic control and strong westerly winds monthly rainfall can be very low; for instance in August 2017 only 0.2mm fell. Grafton gets around 115.2 clear days on an annual basis.
Grafton like many NSW regional centres, is affected by heatwaves in the summer months. On 12 February 2017 Grafton recorded a maximum temperature of 46.3 °C (115.3 °F), the city's highest recorded temperature since records began in 1966.[12] Winter has a relatively high diurnal range.
Grafton is known and promoted as the Jacaranda City, in reference to its tree-lined streets and to the annual Jacaranda Festival. Inaugurated in 1935, Jacaranda is held each October/November. A half-day public holiday is observed locally on the first Thursday of November, the Festival's major focal day. During the 1963 festival, inventor John W. Dickenson demonstrated on the Clarence River the first hang glider that was controlled by weight shifts of the pilot from a swinging control frame – the birth of modern hang gliding.[13]
A half-day public holiday is also observed for the Grafton Cup horse race, held each year on the second Thursday in July. It is the high point of the city's annual Racing Carnival—Australia's largest and richest non-metropolitan Carnival—which takes place over a fortnight in that month.Grafton is the birthplace of several renowned country music players. Local artist Troy Cassar-Daley received four Golden Guitar awards at the 2006 Tamworth Country Music Awards—the largest and most prestigious country music awards in Australia. At the same event Samantha McClymont, the 2005/2006 Grafton Jacaranda Queen and sister of Brooke McClymont, also received an award for her country music talent.
A vision of Grafton with its numerous brilliantly-flowered trees in bloom is immortalised in Australian popular music in Cold Chisel's song Flame Trees, written by band member Don Walker, who had lived in Grafton during his formative years.
The most popular sport in Grafton is Rugby league. There are two clubs from Grafton in the Group 2 Rugby League competition; the Grafton Ghosts and their arch-rival South Grafton Rebels. The two clubs each have a rich history, and derbies between the clubs have been known to draw attendances in excess of 3000 people.
Other sports such as soccer, Rugby union, Australian rules and Field Hockey are also played in Grafton.
Christ Church Cathedral, designed by John Horbury Hunt, was consecrated in 1884 and is the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Grafton.[14]
Schaeffer House is a historic 1900 Federation house and contains the collection of the Clarence River Historical Society, which was formed in 1931.[15]
The Murwillumbah railway line was extended to Grafton in 1905;[16] The North Coast Line reached South Grafton's railway station from Sydney in 1915. Pending the opening of the combined road and rail bascule bridge in 1932, Grafton had a train ferry to connect the two railways. Clarence Valley Regional Airport is the airport that services Grafton.
Until bypassed in May 2020, the Pacific Highway, the main North–South road route through Eastern Australia, passed through Grafton and linked it to the Gwydir Highway, one of the primary east–west routes through Eastern Australia.[17]
Busways is the operator for local routes, as well as out-of-town routes to Junction Hill, Jackadgery/Cangai, Copmanhurst, and Maclean and Yamba.
Lawrence Bus Service operates a shopper service, as well as school service on school days, to and from Lawrence.
Northern Rivers Buslines operates a weekday service to Lismore via Maclean, Evans Head and Coraki.
NSW TrainLink operates a coach service to Byron Bay, connecting off the train from Sydney. It also offers a coach service to Moree via Glen Innes, connecting from the train from Brisbane.[18]
From 1904 to 1917 the Grafton Copper Mining Company operated a copper mine, smelter and tramway at Cangai,[19] more than 100 km from Grafton via the Clarence and Mann rivers, today about 70 km over the Gwydir Highway. From 1952 to 1997, first as an independent company, then owned by Tooheys since 1961, the Grafton brewery provided Grafton Bitter to the North Coast.[20] The nearby Harwood Mill is the oldest working sugar mill in New South Wales.
The daily online-only newspaper of Grafton is The Daily Examiner, owned by News Corp Australia.[21]
Pay television services are provided by Foxtel.
Of the three main networks, NBN produces an evening news bulletin containing regional, national and international news, screening every night at 6:00pm on Channel 9. Seven News produces a mid north coast news bulletin screening weeknights at 6:00pm. WIN Television's WIN News produces news updates throughout the day, broadcast from the Wollongong studios.
A large number of small (mostly one-teacher) public schools existed in the Grafton and Clarence Valley areas in the past. These schools have included:
During World War II, Grafton was the location of RAAF No.6 Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot (IAFD), completed in 1942 and closed on 29 August 1944. Usually consisting of 4 tanks, 31 fuel depots were built across Australia for the storage and supply of aircraft fuel for the Royal Australian Air Force and the US Army Air Forces at a total cost of £900,000 ($1,800,000).
Notable people who were born or lived in Grafton include: