Grab Holdings Explained

Grab Holdings Inc.
Former Name:
  • MyTeksi (2011–2013)
  • GrabTaxi (2013–2016)
Type:Public
Traded As:NASDAQ: (Class A)
Isin:KYG4124C1096
Founded: (as MyTeksi) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hq Location:3 Media Cl, One-north, Singapore 138498[1]
Area Served:Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
Products:Mobile app
Revenue:US$2.359 billion (2023)
Num Employees:6,000 (2019)[2] [3]

Grab Holdings Inc. is a Singaporean multinational technology company headquartered in One-North, Singapore. It is the developer of a super-app for ride-hailing, food delivery, and digital payment services on mobile devices that operates in Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The company was founded as MyTeksi by Anthony Tan and Tan Hooi Ling in 2012 to make taxi rides safer in Malaysia. By 2016, it was rebranded as Grab with an expansion of partnerships in Southeast Asia that coincided with the development of products for couriers.

Grab is Southeast Asia's first decacorn[4] [5] and the biggest technology startup in the region.[6] It became publicly traded on the NASDAQ in 2021, following the largest SPAC merger at the time.[7] In 2023, Fast Company listed Grab amongst the most innovative companies in the Asia-Pacific region.[8]

History

Founding and expansion

The idea of creating a taxi-booking mobile app for Southeast Asia came from Anthony Tan (Chinese: 陈炳耀, Chen Bingyao)[9] while he was at Harvard Business School. He launched the "My Teksi" app in Malaysia in 2012 together with Tan Hooi Ling, another Harvard graduate. MyTeksi was started with an initial grant of US$25,000 from Harvard Business School and Tan's personal capital.[10] [11]

GrabTaxi expanded to the Philippines in August 2013, and to Singapore and Thailand in October of the same year.[12] In 2014, GrabTaxi further continued its growth and expansion to new countries: first launching in Sai Gon, Vietnam, in February, and Jakarta in Indonesia in June.[13] In November 2014, GrabTaxi launched its first GrabBike service in Sai Gon as a trial service.[14]

By 2015, GrabBike's motorcycle service rides had spread throughout Vietnam and Indonesia.[15] [16] In February 2015, the company launched GrabCar+ in the Philippines.[17] In November 2015, Grab launched GrabExpress courier service.[18]

Rebranding and additional services

In January 2016, GrabTaxi was rebranded as "Grab" with a new, redesigned logo.[19] In October 2016, Grab added an in-app instant messaging feature called "GrabChat" to allow simple communication between riders and drivers and translate messages if the set languages of the driver and passenger are different.[20] In December 2016, it launched GrabShare taxi and car-sharing services.[21]

In February 2017, Grab launched the GrabCoach service for booking large passenger vehicles.[22] In March 2017, Grab introduced GrabFamily for young children below 7 years old, to fulfill regulations where children under 1.35 metres must be placed on a child booster seat or child restraint.

In March 2018, Grab merged with Uber's Southeast Asian operations.[23] As part of the acquisition, Grab took over Uber's assets and operations, including UberEats, which led to Grab's expansion of food delivery services.[24] Grab also launched their eScooter rental service known as GrabWheels in March 2018.[25] [26]

In April 2017, Grab confirmed the acquisition of Indonesian online payment startup Kudo which was integrated with Grab's payment system.[27] In November 2017, Grab launched GrabPay payment service as a digital payment service among third-party merchants.[28]

In May 2018, Grab launched GrabFood food delivery service.[29] In October 2018, Grab launched GrabExpress courier service.[30] In 2018, Grab also launched Grab Financial, a financial arm of the company.[31] In November 2018, Grab invested in Indonesian conglomerate Lippo Group's Ovo platform.[32]

In February 2019, the company launched GrabPet in Singapore which uses Grab drivers who have received training in pet handling and welcome animals in their vehicles.[33]

In April 2019, Grab launched its first cloud kitchen, GrabKitchen, in Indonesia under its food delivery service.[34] 50 GrabKitchens were set up in six Southeast Asian countries within a year.[35] Grab also launched their super app in April 2019 to consolidate its online services into one platform.[36]

The company partnered with Microsoft to help people in Southeast Asia to access digital literacy programs and certificates in September 2019.[37]

In December 2019, Grab and Mastercard launched the first numberless payment card in Asia, which was discontinued on 1 June 2024.[38]

In February 2020, Grab launched GrabCare for healthcare workers in Singapore, starting with 24-hour services to Tan Tock Seng Hospital and National Centre for Infectious Diseases.[39] Grab also expanded its GrabMart and GrabAssistant services to more cities and countries to meet increased demand for online food and grocery deliveries.[40]

Marriott International partnered with Grab to cover about 600 restaurants and bars in Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand which would be added to the GrabFood delivery platform.[41] In April 2020, top management salaries were cut by 20 percent and employees were encouraged to take up voluntary no-pay leave[42] in an effort to manage costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020, Grab retrenched 360 employees, which was just under 5 percent of the total headcount across its Southeast Asia offices at the time.[43] In November 2020, Grab announced the launch of its Tech Center in Jakarta, Indonesia for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).[44] In December 2020, Grab was granted a digital bank licence from Singapore together with Singtel.[45] [46]

Public listing and partnerships

The A.S. Watson Group began partnering with Grab at the beginning of 2021 to expand in Southeast Asia.[47] In March 2021, Grab partnered with the Don Quijote discount store chain to deliver everyday goods such as food and cosmetics to customers in Southeast Asia.[48]

GrabPay formed a partnership with Stripe in May 2021 to include GrabPay Wallet as a payment option.[49] In July 2021, Grab expanded its buy now, pay later deferred payment options through a partnership with Adyen.[50]

In November 2021, Grab partnered with McDonald's in Singapore to integrate GrabExpress, GrabPay and GrabRewards with the restaurant's online and in-store ordering.[51] The company acquired Malaysia's Jaya Grocer by the end of 2021.[52]

Grab debuted on Nasdaq in December 2021 following a SPAC with Altimeter Growth Corp.[53] [54]

In March 2022, the company announced that GrabFood, GrabPay, GrabGifts and its delivery system would be introduced at Starbucks in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines.[55]

In June 2022, the company introduced GrabMaps mapping and location technology for use in "hyperlocal" routes in Southeast Asian cities.[56] Grab also announced a partnership with Coca-Cola to increase each company's distribution network in the region.[57]

In June 2023, Grab announced an 11 percent reduction of its workforce at the time.[58]

The company was amongst 121 global brands including Nestlé, McDonald's and Unilever subject to the Palestinian-led BDS movement that went viral on Facebook and TikTok in Indonesia and Malaysia as a response to the Israel-Hamas war. Named brands were claimed without evidence to be "Israel-affiliated". Grab responded that it did not "support any form of violence" and "stands on the side of humanity and hopes for peace and a ceasefire."[59]

Funding

Grab's investors include venture and hedge funds, automobile companies and other ride-hailing firms. Investors include Japan's Softbank Group and MUFG, Booking Holdings, Toyota and Microsoft.[60] The company has completed Series A through Series H funding, totaling billions of dollars.[61]

In January 2021, Grab Financial Group, the company's financial services unit, raised more than $300 million from South Korea's Hanwha Asset Management.[62] [63]

Driver issues

Cases of Grab drivers harassing their customers and the

  1. MeToo movement
in the United States and other countries have also recently emboldened women in Indonesia to speak out against harassment by Grab drivers, such as when a driver asks for personal information or sends them unsolicited messages after a trip.[64]

On 23 September 2016, a female passenger in Singapore was sexually assaulted by an elderly GrabCar driver after she fell asleep during the ride.[65] The driver was jailed for 16 months the following year.[66] On 25 March 2017, a female passenger in Singapore was assaulted by a Grab driver.[67] The driver was subsequently suspended by his taxi company from call bookings, although he was still allowed to pick up passengers on the streets.[68] In May, a GrabCar driver in Chiang Mai, Thailand was arrested for sexual assault.[69] In response, Grab issued a statement and said it "would not tolerate physical violence or verbal abuse".[70]

Disputes have occurred between Grab drivers and local taxi operators as taxi drivers complained about a decline in their passenger numbers and income since Grab (and its competitor Uber) began to gain foothold in their areas.[71] Until December 2016, around 65 assault cases towards GrabBike drivers by local taxibike drivers have been reported in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[72] Much violence has erupted between Grab drivers and motorbike taxis in two major cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam with another 47 assaults cases recorded in 2017.[73] [74] Grab drivers and passengers in Kuala Lumpur have also been the subject of harassment from local taxi drivers.[75]

On 4 March 2017, a drunk foreign man reportedly attacked a GrabCar driver in Singapore. The man was then arrested and jailed two weeks for his offence.[76] On 26 October, a Grab driver was killed in Pasay, Philippines by a suspect disguised as a legitimate passenger, who subsequently fled with the victim's vehicle and personal belongings.[77] [78] The suspect finally surrendered to police two weeks later and confessed that he accidentally killed the latter after the victim refused to give his money.[79] [80]

In order to reduce the number of incidents between passengers and drivers, Grab has implemented a number of safety features. Grab installed an emergency button in the app in 2018.[81] Later the same year, Grab rolled out a telematics program to encourage safe driving behaviour for its drivers.[82] In 2019, Grab began asking passengers to take a selfie before riding for identify verification.[83]

Regulation

In the Philippines, GrabCar was fully legalised after being accredited as a Transportation Network Company (TNC) by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) in 2015.[84] In 2016, Grab motorbike taxi services of Grab and Uber were suspended on claims the services are breaking local rules and clashing with registered transport companies.[85] Further crackdown on the services was continued in early 2017 when a Thai transport official asked the government to ban them although little efforts being done as both services have gain popularity among Thais and foreign visitors in the country.[86] In 2019, it was reported that the Thai government is taking steps to legalise Grab taxi services.

In Singapore, laws that legalised the service were passed in February 2017.[87] A few months later, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) in Singapore introduced a new regulation requiring private hire cars to have Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence (PDVL) which took effect in July 2017.[88]

On 4 April 2017, the Malaysian government tabled amendments to existing transport laws that would regulate transport application services and protect drivers from harassment. Through the amendment, Grab and Uber vehicles were classified as public service vehicles as part of the move to legalise both services in its efforts to transform the country's public transport services.[89] The amendments were passed by the Parliament of Malaysia on 28 July 2017, which directly legalised both services to operate in the country.[90]

In 2017, the Vietnamese Ministry of Transport set to review the legal status of both Grab and Uber to ensure a fair business environment for firms.[91] A draft of a new circular was submitted in early 2018 that includes regulations for passenger transport (by car) through software such as Grab.[92] In early 2020, a decree was passed to legalise Grab and other ride-hailing platforms in Vietnam.[93]

In Cambodia and Singapore, Grab supported local governments in traffic management and infrastructure development through its data and technology.[94] In Malaysia, Grab has also received the support of the Malaysian Public Land Transport Commission (SPAD) when the government department introduced the use of technology using the GrabTaxi application to enhance the efficiency of taxi drivers in Malaysia. The company is working with the government department to improve the image of taxi drivers in the country by making it safer and more convenient to hail a taxi.[95] [96] [97]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ong . Janet . Grab officially opens Singapore HQ, launches US$1m scholarship programme . sg.finance.yahoo.com . 12 August 2022 . en-SG . 11 August 2022.
  2. News: Grab to double its headcount in S'pore by end-2020 when new HQ opens. Daryl Choo. Today Online. 9 June 2020.
  3. Web site: Grab to Double Singapore Staff to 3,000 in Latest Expansion. . 2 September 2019.
  4. Web site: Chia . Rachel Genevieve . 20 November 2018 . Grab, SEA's first 'decacorn', has mopped up 25% of investments in the region's internet economy since 2015: Google-Temasek report . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225162035/https://www.businessinsider.sg/grab-seas-first-decacorn-has-mopped-up-25-of-investments-in-the-regions-internet-economy-since-2015-google-report/ . 25 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . Business Insider Singapore.
  5. Web site: Pham . Sherisse . Grab is valued at $14 billion after getting a big cash boost from SoftBank . 6 March 2019 . CNN Business.
  6. Web site: Daga . Anshuman . 31 January 2021 . Grab upsizes debut term loan to $2 bln on strong investor demand . Reuters.
  7. Web site: SoftBank-backed Grab agrees to deal to go public in world's largest SPAC merger. Riley de. León. 13 April 2021. CNBC.
  8. Web site: The 10 most innovative Asia-Pacific companies of 2023. Fast Company. 2 March 2023. Samar Marwan.
  9. 凤凰网：彭博2017全球50大最具影响力人物：刘炽平、孙正义上榜  
  10. Web site: Siddharth. Philip. Harvard Inspires Man to Ditch Family Riches for Taxis. Bloomberg. Singapore Management University. 10 June 2014. 17 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20180101220915/https://www.smu.edu.sg/sites/default/files/smu/news_room/smu_in_the_news/2014/sources/june11/Bloomberg_20140610_1.pdf. 1 January 2018. dead.
  11. Web site: Cheong. Kash. GrabTaxi: Currently the most prominent third-party taxi app in the region. The Straits Times. 30 April 2014. 17 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141208052128/http://www.straitstimes.com/digital-life/more-digital-life-stories/story/grabtaxi-currently-the-most-prominent-third-party-taxi-. 8 December 2014. dead.
  12. Web site: MyTeksi launches GrabTaxi in Bangkok and Singapore. Digital News Asia. 21 October 2013. 20 March 2015.
  13. Web site: Do. Anh-Minh. MGrabTaxi enters Vietnam, intensifying the battle for mobile taxi booking apps. Tech in Asia. 26 February 2014. 20 March 2015.
  14. Web site: Luan. Thanh. Vietnam's xe om service enters digital age with GrabBike app. Thanh Nien News. 28 November 2014. 30 November 2014.
  15. Web site: Tay. Daniel. GrabTaxi's motorcycle service rides into its third city, offers free rides in Jakarta. Tech in Asia. 20 May 2015. 22 May 2015.
  16. News: Leesa Nguansuk. Suchit. GrabBike debuts in Bangkok. Bangkok Post. 6 August 2015. 8 August 2015.
  17. Web site: Schnabel. Chris. GrabCar PH relaunches. Rappler. 19 February 2015. 13 April 2015.
  18. Web site: e27. GrabBike launches door-to-door courier service GrabExpress in Indonesia. 23 November 2015. 12 December 2021.
  19. Web site: Kah Leng. Lee. MyTeksi rebrands into Grab. The Star (Malaysia). 28 July 2016. 1 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170112185151/https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2016/01/28/grab-rebranding/. 12 January 2017.
  20. Web site: Grab launches instant messaging platform. ABS-CBN News. 25 October 2016. 30 August 2017.
  21. Web site: Tegos. Michael. Grab launches GrabShare, its own version of UberPool. Tech in Asia. 6 December 2016. 5 January 2018.
  22. Web site: Tegos. Michael. Grab gets into coach booking for groups of passengers. Tech in Asia. 7 February 2017. 5 January 2018.
  23. Web site: Grab Officially Takes Control Of Uber's Southeast Asia Operations. Danielle Keeton-Olsen. Forbes. 26 March 2018. 20 December 2018.
  24. News: Grab Officially Takes Control Of Uber's Southeast Asia Operations. Danielle Keeton-Olsen. Forbes. 20 August 2020.
  25. Web site: Grab launches bike, e-scooter sharing app GrabCycle. 25 June 2020. CNA. en. 27 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200627105542/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grab-launches-bike-e-scooter-sharing-app-grabcycle-10028350. dead.
  26. Web site: Grab and e-scooter rivals hit regulatory bumps in Southeast Asia. 25 June 2020. Nikkei Asian Review. en-GB.
  27. News: Grab confirms it will acquire Kudo to boost digital payments. Nadine Freischlad. Tech In Asia. 2 October 2020.
  28. Web site: Cheok. Jacquelyn. 30 November 2016. Grab launches GrabPay Credits. 25 June 2020. The Business Times. en.
  29. Web site: Grab launches GrabFood in Singapore; to offer service soon in Southeast Asia. 25 June 2020. CNA. en. 26 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200626230557/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabfood-ubereats-launch-ubereats-singapore-no-minimum-order-10283298. dead.
  30. Web site: hermesauto. 22 October 2018. Grab to trial its GrabExpress courier service in Singapore on Tuesday. 25 June 2020. The Straits Times. en.
  31. News: Grab expands reach, services through new fintech platform. John Adams. PaymentsSource. 2 October 2020.
  32. Web site: Grab expands into Indonesia e-payments, taking battle to Go-Jek. Asian Nikkei Review. en. 2 February 2019.
  33. Web site: Grab launches on-demand GrabPet transport option. Channel NewsAsia. en. 21 February 2019. 20 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190220134135/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabpet-grab-pet-on-demand-ride-launch-singapore-dog-cat-11262528. dead.
  34. News: Grab introduces the first GrabKitchen to Bangkok to empower GrabFood ecosystem. TechSauce. 20 August 2020.
  35. News: Grab opens first GrabKitchen in Yangon. Hsu Myat Lin Naing. Myanmore. 20 August 2020.
  36. Web site: 23 April 2019. Grab Introduces Four New Services in Singapore in its Super App. 25 June 2020. Grab SG. en-US.
  37. Web site: Rappler.com. Grab partners with Microsoft for digital literacy initiative. 26 September 2019. Chua. Kyle.
  38. News: Grab, Mastercard launch GrabPay, Asia's first numberless card. MobilePaymentsToday. 2 October 2020.
  39. Web site: Grab to pilot service offering round-the-clock rides home for healthcare professionals . CNA . 16 February 2020 . 12 February 2020 . 27 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200427163718/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabcare-wuhan-virus-coronavirus-covid-19-pilot-grab-12427022 . dead .
  40. News: Grab set to make 'tough decisions and trade-offs' amid Covid-19 outbreak. Miguel Cordon. Tech In Asia. 2 October 2020.
  41. Web site: Marriott International announces partnership with Grab in six Southeast Asian countries. TechCrunch. 28 October 2020. Catherine Shu.
  42. News: Toh . Ting Wei . 2020-04-30 . Coronavirus: Grab slashes senior executives' pay by up to 20%, tells drivers extra financial help may stop after June 1 . 2024-02-07 . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  43. Web site: 'COVID-19: Grab cuts 360 employees in 'last organisation-wide layoff' this year'. 3 July 2020. 3 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091747/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-grab-retrenches-5-per-cent-employees-severance-layoff-12839634. dead.
  44. Web site: Grab launches Grab Tech Center in Indonesia. 10 November 2020. KrASIA.
  45. Web site: Singh . Manish . 2020-12-04 . Grab-Singtel and Ant Group win digital bank licenses in Singapore . 2023-12-08 . TechCrunch . en-US.
  46. Web site: 4 December 2020. Singapore picks Grab, Ant Group, others for four digital banking licenses. 10 December 2020. CNBC. en.
  47. Web site: AS Watson and Grab launch regional health & beauty partnership. Inside Retail. 20 January 2021. Tong Van.
  48. Web site: Super app Grab helps Japanese retailer Don Quijote expand in ASEAN. Nikkei Asia. 27 March 2021. Marimi Kishimoto.
  49. Web site: GrabPay announces payments tie-up with Stripe. Tech In Asia. 27 May 2021. Miguel Cordon.
  50. Web site: GrabPay adds Adyen to PayLater options amid BNPL boom. Tech In Asia. 21 July 2021. Roehl Niño Bautista.
  51. Web site: Grab expands partnership with McDonald's Singapore. Tech In Asia. 22 November 2021.
  52. Web site: Grab Holdings to Acquire Malaysian Supermarket Chain Jaya Grocer. Bloomberg. 14 December 2021. Yantoultra Ngui.
  53. Web site: Batarags . Lina . Singapore-based Grab is set to make its Nasdaq debut, months after agreeing to go public in the largest-ever SPAC merger . Business Insider . 1 December 2021 . 30 November 2021.
  54. News: Ruehl. Mercedes. Kruppa. Miles. 3 December 2021. Grab shares fall sharply after world's biggest Spac deal. Financial Times. 4 December 2021.
  55. Web site: Grab, Starbucks partner for regional payments, delivery. Tech In Asia. 21 March 2022.
  56. Web site: Grab enters digital maps business, targets app builders in South-east Asian cities. The Straits Times. 8 June 2022. Rei Kurohi.
  57. Web site: Coca-Cola, Grab tie up to accelerate merchants' digitalisation. 18 August 2022 . Retail Asia.
  58. News: 2023-06-21 . Grab: Southeast Asia's leading ride-hailing firm cuts 1,000 jobs . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-06-21.
  59. News: Johannes Nugroho . Hadi Azmi . 2023-11-06 . 'Quaking in their boots': Malaysians, Indonesians ditch brands over war in Gaza . en . . 2023-11-15.
  60. Web site: Grab's bumper US listing: What you need to know about South-east Asia's biggest start-up. 15 April 2021. The Straits Times.
  61. Web site: Grab raises up to $856M to boost payments business as rumors swirl of a merger with rival Gojek. TechCrunch. en-US. 27 February 2020.
  62. Web site: Grab Financial said to have raised over $300m led by Hanwha Asset Management. 8 January 2021. DealStreetAsia. en-US.
  63. Web site: Grab may remain unprofitable until 2023; raises over $300 million for financial services arm.. 8 January 2021. Startup News, Networking, and Resources Hub BEAMSTART. en.
  64. Web site: Have you been Grabbed? #MeToo, say Indonesians. Resty Woro Yuniar. South China Morning Post. 22 October 2018. 24 October 2018.
  65. Web site: Elderly GrabCar driver sexually assaulted 21-year-old student who fell asleep in his car. The Independent. 24 November 2017. 25 November 2017.
  66. Web site: Chong. Elena. GrabCar driver jailed for molesting student. The Straits Times. 25 November 2017. 26 November 2017.
  67. Web site: Grab taxi driver who allegedly assaulted passenger under police investigation. The Independent. 27 March 2017. 28 March 2017.
  68. Web site: GrabTaxi driver under investigation for assaulting passenger. Today Online. 27 March 2017. 28 March 2017.
  69. Web site: Grab Car driver charged with sexual assault. Love Pattaya Thailand.com. 29 May 2017. 30 May 2017. 10 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190710011256/https://news.lovepattayathailand.com/national/grab-car-driver-charged-sexual-assault/. dead.
  70. Web site: Grab driver held for assaulting female student. The Star (Malaysia). 14 August 2017. 15 August 2017.
  71. Web site: Maulia. Erwida. Jakarta arrests 83 as anti-Uber, Grab rallies grow violent. Nikkei Asian Review. 23 March 2016. 25 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160325083441/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Jakarta-arrests-83-as-anti-Uber-Grab-rallies-grow-violent. 25 March 2016. dead.
    Web site: D. Cabuenas. Jon Viktor. Taxi drivers' group storms LTFRB to protest vs. Grab, Uber. GMA News. 27 March 2017. 28 March 2017.
    Web site: KL cabbies stop traffic in Uber, GrabCar protest. The Star/Asia News Network. The Straits Times. 30 March 2016. 31 March 2016.
    Web site: Grab versus Cab: Thai taxi drivers told to stop harassing Grab and Uber drivers. Coconuts Bangkok. 26 June 2017. 27 June 2017.
    Web site: Hanoi taxis protest Grab, Uber with bumper stickers. Tuoi Tre News. 5 October 2017. 6 October 2017.
    Web site: Sarawak cab drivers go on strike in protest against Grab, Uber. New Straits Times. Today Online. 9 January 2018. 9 January 2018.
  72. Web site: 65 assaults on GrabBike drivers in Ho Chi Minh City this year: Grab Vietnam. Tuoi Tre News. 2 December 2016. 2 December 2016.
  73. Web site: Anh. Quoc. Turf war between Grab crew and motorbike taxis gets violent in Saigon. VnExpress. 16 June 2017. 18 June 2017.
  74. Bui. Trang. Le. Lam. Violence erupts between Grab crews and traditional motorbike taxis in Hanoi, Saigon. VnExpress. 25 June 2017. 26 June 2017. 01:33.
  75. Web site: Bavani. M. Ravindran. Shalini. KL's Uber, GrabCar drivers face increasing harassment from cabbies. The Star (Malaysia). 14 April 2016. 2 December 2016.
  76. Web site: Chong. Elena. Man jailed two weeks for attacking Grab driver. The Straits Times. The New Paper. 21 September 2017. 22 September 2017.
  77. Web site: 'Good Samaritan' Grab driver shot dead by carnappers posing as passengers. CNN Philippines. 28 October 2017. 29 October 2017. 30 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171030054749/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/10/28/grab-driver-facebook-viral-shot-dead-pasay.html. dead.
  78. Web site: Peralta-Malonzo. Anne. 3 'persons of interest' cleared by police in killing of Grab driver. Sun.Star Manila. 31 October 2017. 31 October 2017. 1 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171101063030/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2017/11/01/3-persons-interest-cleared-police-killing-grab-driver-572319. dead.
  79. Web site: Suspect in Grab driver slay surrenders. The Philippine Star. 8 November 2017. 8 November 2017. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063648/http://beta.philstar.com/nation/2017/11/08/1756901/suspect-grab-driver-slay-surrenders. dead.
  80. Web site: Peralta-Malonzo. Anne. Suspect says he didn't mean to kill Grab driver. Sun.Star Manila. 8 November 2017. 8 November 2017. 8 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171108103439/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2017/11/08/suspect-says-he-didnt-mean-kill-grab-driver-573662. dead.
  81. Web site: The Jakarta Post. Grab installs emergency button on app. 21 May 2018.
  82. Web site: Today. Grab pledges safer rides for passengers with alert system monitoring driver fatigue levels. 16 October 2018. Choo. Cynthia.
  83. Web site: The Star. No selfie, no ride, Grab tells users. 8 June 2019. Chu. Mei Mei.
  84. Web site: GrabCar fully legalised as a transport company in the Philippines. Digital News Asia. 7 July 2015. 8 July 2015.
  85. Web site: Thailand suspends Uber and Grab motorcycle taxi service. BBC News. 19 May 2016. 20 May 2016.
  86. Web site: Tanakasempipat. Patpicha. Thepgumpanat. Panarat. Tostevin. Matthew. Anantharaman. Muralikumar. Thai transport authorities crackdown on Uber, Grab drivers, seek ban. Reuters. 7 March 2017. 8 March 2017.
  87. Web site: Singapore's Uber, Grab drivers now need to be licensed. Channel NewsAsia. 7 February 2017. 7 February 2017. 8 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170508144107/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-s-uber-grab-drivers-now-need-to-be-licensed-7621922. dead.
  88. Web site: Yew Chin. Leow. Private Hire Cars Not Exempt from Child Seat Requirement. Land Transport Authority (Singapore). 10 February 2017. 8 January 2018.
  89. Web site: Bills to legalise Grab, Uber tabled in Malaysian Parliament. Today Online. 4 April 2017. 5 April 2017.
  90. Web site: Lim. Shawn. Malaysia's parliament passes laws to legalise Uber and Grab. The Drum. 28 July 2017. 28 July 2017.
  91. Web site: Vietnam to review Uber, Grab legal status. Vietnam News Agency. People's Army Website. 25 December 2017. 26 December 2017.
  92. Web site: Uber, Grab under tighter supervision. Vietnam News Agency. Vietnam Net. 8 January 2018. 9 January 2018. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109064108/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/business/193432/uber--grab-under-tighter-supervision.html. dead.
  93. Web site: Vietnam Times. Grab and other ride-hailing platforms in Vietnam can now operate as legal businesses. 5 April 2020.
  94. Web site: The Straits Times. URA partners Grab to study commuter travel patterns. 29 August 2018. Abdullah. Zhaki.
  95. Web site: Darlyne Chow. Melissa. MyTeksi app to drive Penang tourism. New Straits Times. 14 September 2014. 20 March 2015.
  96. Web site: Carvalho. Martin. Myteksi calls for 'level playing field' to compete with Uber. The Star (Malaysia). 21 October 2014. 20 March 2015.
  97. Web site: SPAD introduces MyTeksi, TaxiMonger apps to enhance efficiency of cabbies of cabbies. Bernama. The Borneo Post. 12 December 2012. 20 March 2015.

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