List of governors of Alabama explained

Post:	Governor
Body:	Alabama
Insignia:	Seal of the Governor of Alabama.svg
Insigniasize:	110
Insigniacaption:	Seal of the governor
Flag:	Flag of the Governor of Alabama.svg
Flagborder:	yes
Flagcaption:	Standard of the governor
Incumbent:	Kay Ivey
Incumbentsince:	April 10, 2017
Department:	Government of Alabama
Residence:	Alabama Governor's Mansion
Termlength:	Four years, renewable once consecutively
Precursor:	Governor of Alabama Territory
Inaugural:	William Wyatt Bibb
Deputy:	Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary:	$127,833 (2022)^[1]

The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors.^[2] The first governor, William Wyatt Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, the first wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017 following Robert J. Bentley's resignation amidst a corruption scandal. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

List of governors

Territory of Alabama

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory. It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

!scope="colgroup" colspan="2"

Governor	Term in office	Appointed by
1		William Wyatt Bibb ^[3] ^[4]	September 25, 1817  - November 9, 1819	James Monroe

State of Alabama

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819.^[5] It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861,^[6] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.^[7] Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.^[8]

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than 4 out of every 6 years. This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years. The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years, but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. An amendment in 1968 allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serving two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term. The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election. However, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that a governor's term ends at midnight at the end of Monday, and the next governor's term begins the next day, regardless of if they were sworn in on Monday.

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket.

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

!scope="colgroup" colspan="4"

Governor	Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor
1	data-sort-value="Bibb, William"				William Wyatt Bibb	^[9]  - July 10, 1820	Democratic- Republican	1819	Office did not exist
2	data-sort-value="Bibb, Thomas"				Thomas Bibb ^[10] ^[11]	- November 9, 1821	Democratic- Republican
3		Israel Pickens ^[12] ^[13]			^[14]  - November 25, 1825	Democratic- Republican	1821
							1823
4				John Murphy ^[15] ^[16]	^[17]  - November 21, 1829	Jackson Democrat	1825
							1827
5	data-sort-value="Moore, Gabriel"				Gabriel Moore ^[18] ^[19]	^[20]  - March 3, 1831	Jackson Democrat	1829
6	data-sort-value="Moore, Samuel"				Samuel B. Moore ^[21] ^[22]	^[23]  - November 26, 1831	Jackson Democrat
7				John Gayle ^[24] ^[25]	^[26]  - November 21, 1835	Jackson Democrat	1831
						Democratic	1833
8	data-sort-value="Clay, Clement"				Clement Comer Clay ^[27] ^[28]	^[29]  - July 17, 1837	Democratic	1835
9	data-sort-value="McVay, Hugh"				Hugh McVay ^[30] ^[31]	- November 21, 1837	Democratic
10				Arthur P. Bagby ^[32] ^[33]	^[34]  - November 22, 1841	Democratic	1837
							1839
11				Benjamin Fitzpatrick ^[35] ^[36]	^[37]  - December 9, 1845	Democratic	1841
							1843
12	data-sort-value="Martin, Joshua"				Joshua L. Martin ^[38] ^[39]	^[40]  - December 16, 1847	Independent	1845
13	data-sort-value="Chapman, Reuben"				Reuben Chapman ^[41] ^[42]	^[43]  - December 17, 1849 ^[44]	Democratic	1847
14		Henry W. Collier ^[45] ^[46]			^[47]  - December 20, 1853	Democratic	1849
							1851
15		John A. Winston ^[48] ^[49]			^[50]  - December 1, 1857	Democratic	1853
							1855
16		Andrew B. Moore ^[51] ^[52]			^[53]  - December 2, 1861	Democratic	1857
							1859
17	data-sort-value="Shorter, John"				John Gill Shorter ^[54] ^[55]	^[56]  - December 1, 1863	Democratic	1861
18	data-sort-value="Watts, Thomas"				Thomas H. Watts ^[57] ^[58]	^[59]  - May 3, 1865	Whig	1863
—	Vacant				- June 21, 1865
19	data-sort-value="Parsons, Lewis"				Lewis E. Parsons ^[60] ^[61]	^[62]  - December 13, 1865
20	data-sort-value="Patton, Robert"				Robert M. Patton ^[63] ^[64]	^[65]  - July 13, 1868		1865
—	data-sort-value="Swayne, Wager"				Wager Swayne ^[66]	- January 11, 1868
21				William Hugh Smith ^[67] ^[68]	- November 26, 1870	Republican	1868
								Vacant
22	data-sort-value="Lindsay, Robert"				Robert B. Lindsay ^[69] ^[70]	^[71]  - November 25, 1872	Democratic	1870
23	data-sort-value="Lewis, David"				David P. Lewis ^[72] ^[73]	^[74] ^[75]  - November 24, 1874	Republican	1872
24				George S. Houston ^[76] ^[77]	^[78]  - November 27, 1878	Democratic	1874
							1876	Office did not exist
25				Rufus W. Cobb ^[79] ^[80]	^[81]  - December 1, 1882	Democratic	1878
							1880
26				Edward A. O'Neal ^[82] ^[83]	^[84]  - December 1, 1886	Democratic	1882
							1884
27				Thomas Seay ^[85] ^[86]	^[87]  - December 1, 1890	Democratic	1886
							1888
28				Thomas G. Jones ^[88] ^[89]	^[90]  - December 1, 1894	Democratic	1890
							1892
29	data-sort-value="Oates, William"				William C. Oates ^[91] ^[92]	^[93]  - December 1, 1896	Democratic			1894
30				Joseph F. Johnston ^[94] ^[95]	^[96]  - December 1, 1900	Democratic	1896
							1898
—	data-sort-value="Jelks, William"				William D. Jelks ^[97] ^[98]	- December 26, 1900	Democratic
31	data-sort-value="Samford, William"				William J. Samford ^[99] ^[100]	- June 11, 1901	Democratic			1900
32				William D. Jelks	^[101]  - January 14, 1907	Democratic
							1902
33	data-sort-value="Comer, B. B."				B. B. Comer ^[102] ^[103]	^[104]  - January 16, 1911	Democratic		1906
34	data-sort-value="O'Neal, Emmet"				Emmet O'Neal ^[105] ^[106]	- January 18, 1915	Democratic		1910
35	data-sort-value="Henderson, Charles"				Charles Henderson ^[107] ^[108]	^[109]  - January 20, 1919	Democratic		1914
36	data-sort-value="Kilby, Thomas"				Thomas Kilby ^[110] ^[111]	^[112]  - January 15, 1923	Democratic		1918
37	data-sort-value="Brandon, William"				William W. Brandon ^[113] ^[114]	^[115]  - January 17, 1927	Democratic		1922
38	data-sort-value="Graves, Bibb"				Bibb Graves ^[116] ^[117]	^[118]  - January 19, 1931	Democratic		1926
39	data-sort-value="Miller, Benjamin"				Benjamin M. Miller ^[119] ^[120]	^[121]  - January 14, 1935	Democratic		1930
(38)				Bibb Graves ^[122] ^[123]	^[124]  - January 16, 1939	Democratic	1934
								Vacant
40	data-sort-value="Dixon, Frank"				Frank M. Dixon ^[125] ^[126]	^[127]  - January 18, 1943	Democratic	1938
41	data-sort-value="Sparks, Chauncey"				Chauncey Sparks ^[128] ^[129]	^[130]  - January 20, 1947	Democratic	1942
42	data-sort-value="Folsom, Jim 1"				Jim Folsom ^[131] ^[132]	^[133]  - January 15, 1951	Democratic	1946
43	data-sort-value="Persons, Gordon"				Gordon Persons ^[134] ^[135]	^[136]  - January 17, 1955	Democratic	1950
(42)	data-sort-value="Folsom, Jim 1"				Jim Folsom ^[137] ^[138]	^[139]  - January 19, 1959	Democratic	1954
44	data-sort-value="Patterson, John"				John M. Patterson ^[140] ^[141]	^[142]  - January 14, 1963	Democratic	1958
45	data-sort-value="Wallace, George"				George Wallace ^[143] ^[144]	^[145]  - January 16, 1967	Democratic	1962
46	data-sort-value="Wallace, Lurleen"				Lurleen Wallace ^[146] ^[147]	^[148]  - May 7, 1968	Democratic	1966
47	data-sort-value="Brewer, Albert"				Albert Brewer ^[149] ^[150]	^[151]  - January 18, 1971	Democratic		Vacant
(45)				George Wallace ^[152] ^[153]	^[154]  - January 15, 1979	Democratic	1970
							1974
48	data-sort-value="James, Fob"				Fob James ^[155] ^[156]	^[157]  - January 17, 1983	Democratic		1978
(45)	data-sort-value="Wallace, George"				George Wallace ^[158] ^[159]	^[160]  - January 19, 1987	Democratic		1982
49				H. Guy Hunt ^[161] ^[162]	^[163]  - April 22, 1993	Republican	1986
							1990
50	data-sort-value="Folsom, Jim 2"				Jim Folsom Jr. ^[164] ^[165]	- January 16, 1995	Democratic		Vacant
(48)	data-sort-value="James, Fob"				Fob James ^[166] ^[167]	^[168]  - January 18, 1999	Republican	1994
51	data-sort-value="Siegelman, Don"				Don Siegelman ^[169] ^[170]	^[171]  - January 20, 2003	Democratic	1998
52				Bob Riley ^[172] ^[173]	^[174]  - January 17, 2011	Republican	2002
							2006
53				Robert J. Bentley ^[175] ^[176]	^[177]  - April 10, 2017	Republican	2010
							2014
54				Kay Ivey ^[178] ^[179]	^[180]  - Incumbent	Republican		Vacant
							2018
							2022

See also

• List of Alabama state legislatures

References

General

• Web site: Alabama Governors . December 20, 2022 . Alabama Department of Archives & History.
• Web site: Former Alabama Governors . July 10, 2019 . National Governors Association.
• Book: Sobel, Robert . Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I . 1978 . Meckler Books . 9780930466015 . July 10, 2019.
• Book: Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest . American State Governors, 1776-1976 . 1977 . Oceana Publications . 978-0-379-00665-0 . September 23, 2023.
• Book: McMullin, Thomas A. . Biographical directory of American territorial governors . 1984 . Meckler . 978-0-930466-11-4 . January 19, 2023.
• Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County . 2003 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-1439-0 . en.
• Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County . 2014 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-5646-8 . en.
• Book: Glashan, Roy R. . American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 . 1979 . Meckler Books . 978-0-930466-17-6.
• Web site: Our Campaigns - Governor of Alabama - History . 2023-07-25 . www.ourcampaigns.com.
• Web site: Our Campaigns - Governor of Alabama (CSA) - History . 2023-07-25 . www.ourcampaigns.com.

Specific

External links

• Office of the Governor of Alabama

Notes and References

1. Web site: Governor of Alabama . April 2, 2022 . Ballotpedia.
2. Web site: Alabama Governors . September 22, 2023 . Alabama Department of Archives and History.
3. Web site: William Wyatt Bibb . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
4. Web site: Dupre . Daniel S. . September 30, 2014 . William Wyatt Bibb (1819-20) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
5. ,
6. Web site: Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905091739/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3953 . September 5, 2015 . May 24, 2015 . University of Houston.
7. http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html#p1 Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America
8. Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: . Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: .
9. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1st sess., 59, accessed September 25, 2023
10. Web site: Thomas Bibb . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
11. Web site: Dupre . Daniel S. . May 27, 2021 . Thomas Bibb (1820-21) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
12. Web site: Israel Pickens . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
13. Web site: Dupre . Daniel S. . June 9, 2021 . Israel Pickens (1821-25) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
14. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 3rd sess., 29, accessed July 27, 2023
15. Web site: John Murphy . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
16. Web site: Bailey . Hugh C. . June 7, 2021 . John Murphy (1825-29) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
17. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 7th sess., 24, accessed July 27, 2023
18. Web site: Gabriel Moore . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
19. Web site: Amos Doss . Harriet E. . June 7, 2021 . Gabriel Moore (1829-31) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
20. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 11th sess., 33, accessed July 27, 2023
21. Web site: Samuel B. Moore . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
22. Web site: McDaniel . Mary Jane . June 7, 2021 . Samuel B. Moore (1831) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
23. News: 1831-03-31 . none . On the 3d instant, Gabriel Moore, Governor of the State of Alabama and United States' Senator elect, resigned his office as Governor into the hands of Samuel B. Moore, of Jackson County, President of the Senate... . 3 . The North-Carolina Star . 2023-07-27.
24. Web site: John Gayle . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
25. Web site: Wiggins . Sarah Woolfoolk . June 1, 2021 . John Gayle (1831-35) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
26. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 13th sess., 38, accessed July 27, 2023
27. Web site: Clement Comer Clay . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
28. Web site: Thornton, J. Mills . May 28, 2021 . Clement Comer Clay (1835-37) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
29. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 17th sess., 30, accessed July 27, 2023
30. Web site: Hugh McVay . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
31. Web site: McDaniel . Mary Jane . June 4, 2021 . Hugh McVay (1837) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
32. Web site: Athur Pendleton Bagby . January 17, 2023 . National Governors Association.
33. Web site: McDaniel . Mary Jane . August 20, 2018 . Arthur P. Bagby (1837-41) . January 17, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
34. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1837 sess., 36, accessed July 28, 2023
35. Web site: Benjamin Fitzpatrick . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
36. Web site: Thornton . J. Mills . June 1, 2021 . Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1841-45) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
37. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1841 sess., 101, accessed July 28, 2023
38. Web site: Joshua Lanier Martin . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
39. Web site: Bailey . Hugh C. . June 4, 2021 . Joshua L. Martin (1845-47) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
40. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1845 sess., 57, accessed July 28, 2023
41. Web site: Reuben Chapman . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
42. Web site: Mayfield . John . May 27, 2021 . Reuben Chapman (1847-49) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
43. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1847 - 1848 sess., 69, accessed July 28, 2023
44. News: 1849-06-22 . Nomination for Governor . 2 . Daily State Guard . 2023-12-13.
45. Web site: Henry Watkins Collier . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
46. Web site: Atkins . Leah Rawls . December 13, 2017 . Henry W. Collier (1849-53) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
47. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1849 - 1850 sess., 196, accessed July 28, 2023
48. Web site: John Anthony Winston . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
49. Web site: Barney . William L. . June 10, 2021 . John A. Winston (1853-57) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
50. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1853 - 1854 sess., 220, accessed July 28, 2023
51. Web site: Andrew Barry Moore . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
52. Web site: Atkins . Leah Rawls . September 30, 2014 . Andrew B. Moore (1857-61) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
53. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1857 - 1858 sess., 153, accessed July 28, 2023
54. Web site: John Gill Shorter . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
55. Web site: McKiven . Henry M. Jr. . May 14, 2021 . John Gill Shorter (1861-63) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
56. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1861 sess., 207, accessed July 28, 2023
57. Web site: Thomas Hill Watts . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
58. Web site: McKiven . Henry M. Jr. . June 10, 2021 . Thomas Hill Watts (1863-65) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
59. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1863 sess., 199, accessed July 28, 2023
60. Web site: Lewis Eliphalet Parsons . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
61. Web site: Wiggins . Sarah Woolfolk . June 8, 2021 . Lewis Eliphalet Parsons (1865) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
62. https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/44206 "President Johnson appoints Lewis E. Parsons, Sr. as provisional governor of Alabama,"
63. Web site: Robert Miller Patton . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
64. Web site: Rogers . William Warren . June 8, 2021 . Robert M. Patton (1865-67) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
65. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1865 - 1866 sess., 151, accessed July 28, 2023
66. Web site: Fitzgerald . Michael W. . June 28, 2013 . Wager T. Swayne . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
67. Web site: William Hugh Smith . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
68. Web site: Fitzgerald . Michael W. . June 10, 2021 . William Hugh Smith (1868-1870) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
69. Web site: Robert Burns Lindsay . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
70. Web site: Fitzgerald . Michael W. . June 3, 2021 . Robert Burns Lindsay (1870-72) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
71. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1870 - 1871 sess., 31, accessed July 28, 2023
72. Web site: David Peter Lewis . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
73. Web site: Wiggins . Sarah Woolfolk . June 3, 2021 . David P. Lewis (1872-74) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
74. News: November 26, 1872 . Politics in Alabama . . . July 28, 2023 . Newspapers.com.
75. News: 1872-11-28 . none . 2 . The Tuskaloosa Gazette . 2023-12-13 . D. P. Lewis qualified for Governor of Alabama on the 25th inst., by taking the oath of office in the Executive Chamber.
76. Web site: George Smith Houston . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
77. Web site: Rogers . William Warren . June 2, 2021 . George S. Houston (1874-78) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
78. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1874 - 1875 sess., 56, accessed July 28, 2023
79. Web site: Rufus Willis Cobb . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
80. Web site: Ward . Robert David . November 13, 2016 . Rufus W. Cobb (1878-82) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
81. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1878 - 1879 sess., 151, accessed July 28, 2023
82. Web site: Edward Asbury O'Neal . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
83. Web site: McDaniel . Mary Jane . June 7, 2021 . Edward A. O'Neal (1882-86) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
84. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1882 - 1883 sess., 155, accessed July 28, 2023
85. Web site: Thomas Seay . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
86. Web site: Ward . Robert David . March 4, 2020 . Thomas Seay (1886-90) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
87. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1886 - 1887 sess., 194, accessed July 28, 2023
88. Web site: Thomas Goode Jones . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
89. Web site: Pruitt . Paul McWhorter Jr. . June 3, 2021 . Thomas Goode Jones (1890-94) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
90. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1890 - 1891 sess., 186, accessed July 28, 2023
91. Web site: William Calvin Oates . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
92. Web site: Pruitt . Paul McWhorter Jr. . June 8, 2021 . William Calvin Oates (1894-96) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
93. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1894 - 1895 sess., 254, accessed July 28, 2023
94. Web site: Joseph Forney Johnston . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
95. Web site: Perman . Michael . June 2, 2021 . Joseph F. Johnston (1896-1900) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
96. Ala. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1896 - 1897 sess., 368, accessed July 28, 2023
97. Web site: William Dorsey Jelks . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
98. Web site: Alsobrook . David E. . June 2, 2021 . William D. Jelks (1901-07) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
99. Web site: William James Samford . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
100. Web site: Rickard . Marlene Hunt . June 9, 2021 . William J. Samford (1900-01) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
101. News: 1901-06-12 . Jelks Hurrying Back to Alabama . 1 . The Birmingham News . 2023-07-29.
102. Web site: Braxton Bragg Comer . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
103. Web site: Harris . David Alan . October 12, 2022 . Braxton Bragg Comer (1907-11) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
104. News: 1907-01-14 . Comer Takes Oath of Office As Governor of Alabama . 1 . The Birmingham News . 2023-07-29.
105. Web site: Emmet O'Neal . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
106. Web site: Rosenburg . R. B. . June 7, 2021 . Emmet O'Neal (1911-15) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
107. Web site: Charles Henderson . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
108. Web site: Allen . Lee N. . June 1, 2021 . Charles Henderson (1915-19) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
109. News: 1915-01-19 . Henderson Takes Oath of Office As Next Governor . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
110. Web site: Thomas Erby Kilby . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
111. Web site: Breedlove . Michael A. . June 3, 2021 . Thomas E. Kilby (1919-23) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
112. News: 1919-01-21 . New Chief Executive Takes Oath . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
113. Web site: William Woodward Brandon . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
114. Web site: Allen . Lee N. . December 5, 2017 . William W. Brandon (1923-27) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
115. News: 1923-01-16 . Immense Crowd Cheers As William W. Brandon Takes Oath As State's Governor . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
116. Web site: David Bibb Graves . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
117. Web site: Flynt . J. Wayne . June 1, 2021 . David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
118. News: 1927-01-18 . Thousands Hear New Governor Declare for Law Enforcement After Oath Is Administered . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
119. Web site: Benjamin Meek Miller . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
120. Web site: Feldman . Glenn . June 4, 2021 . Benjamin Meek Miller (1931-35) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
121. News: McCoy . Joseph R. . 1931-01-20 . 10,000 Watch Inauguration of 39th Governor . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
122. Web site: David Bibb Graves . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
123. Web site: Flynt . J. Wayne . June 1, 2021 . David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
124. News: Davis . George L. . 1935-01-15 . Col. Bibb Graves Again Assumes Alabama's Helm . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
125. Web site: Frank Murray Dixon . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
126. Web site: Feldman . Glenn . June 1, 2021 . Frank M. Dixon (1939-43) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
127. News: Hugger . Robert . 1939-01-17 . Spectacular Parade, Throng Feature Dixon Administration . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
128. Web site: Chauncey Sparks . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
129. Web site: Jackson . Harvey H. . June 10, 2021 . Chauncey Sparks (1943-47) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
130. News: 1943-01-19 . Governor's Post Passes to Sparks . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
131. Web site: James Elisha Folsom, Sr. . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
132. Web site: Grafton . Carl . Permaloff . Anne . April 1, 2019 . James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
133. News: 1947-01-20 . Folsom Takes Oath As Governor . 1 . The Selma Times-Journal . Associated Press . 2023-07-29.
134. Web site: Seth Gordon Persons . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
135. Web site: Bass . S. Jonathan . June 9, 2021 . Seth Gordon Persons (1951-55) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
136. News: Wortsman . Gene . 1951-01-16 . Gov. Persons Enjoys His Biggest Moment Amidst Gay and Festive Capital City . 1 . Birmingham Post-Herald . 2023-07-29.
137. Web site: James Elisha Folsom, Sr. . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
138. Web site: Grafton . Carl . Permaloff . Anne . April 1, 2019 . James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
139. News: Wortsman . Gene . 1955-01-18 . Hits at Snoopers and Informers . 1 . Birmingham Post-Herald . 2023-07-29.
140. Web site: John Malcolm Patterson . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
141. Web site: Grafton . Carl . Permaloff . Anne . June 7, 2021 . John M. Patterson (1959-63) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
142. News: 1959-01-20 . Patterson Takes State's Highest Office . 1A . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
143. Web site: George Corley Wallace . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
144. Web site: Eskew . Glenn T. . June 10, 2021 . George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
145. News: Ingram . Bob . 1963-01-15 . Wallace Defies Federal Encroachment; 'Will Submit No More to Tyranny' . 1A . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
146. Web site: Lurleen Burns Wallace . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
147. Web site: Eskew . Glenn T. . June 30, 2017 . Lurleen B. Wallace (1967-68) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
148. News: Wasson . Don F. . 1967-01-17 . Lurleen Becomes Governor . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
149. Web site: Albert Preston Brewer . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
150. Web site: Harvey . Gordon . November 13, 2020 . Albert P. Brewer (1968-71) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
151. News: Bryant . William O. . 1968-05-07 . Brewer Sworn In As New Governor . 1 . Alabama Journal . 2023-07-29.
152. Web site: George Corley Wallace . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
153. Web site: Eskew . Glenn T. . June 10, 2021 . George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
154. News: Wasson . Don F. . 1971-01-19 . Wallace Hints President Bid . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
155. Web site: Forrest Hood James . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
156. Web site: Stewart . William H. . June 2, 2021 . Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
157. News: Bryant . Ted . 1979-01-16 . 'Bury Negative Prejudices of Past,' Gov. James Urges . 1 . Birmingham Post-Herald . 2023-07-29.
158. Web site: George Corley Wallace . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
159. Web site: Eskew . Glenn T. . June 10, 2021 . George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
160. News: Bryant . Ted . 1983-01-18 . A 'New' Wallace Sworn for Fourth Term . A1 . Birmingham Post-Herald . 2023-07-29.
161. Web site: Harold Guy Hunt . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
162. Web site: Stewart . William H. . June 6, 2021 . Guy Hunt (1987-93) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
163. News: Ritchie . Bruce . 1987-01-20 . Hunt Proclaims New Day for State . 1A . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-29.
164. Web site: James Elisha Folsom, Jr. . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
165. Web site: Stewart . William H. . June 1, 2021 . James E. Folsom Jr. (1993-95) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
166. Web site: Forrest Hood James . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
167. Web site: Stewart . William H. . June 2, 2021 . Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
168. News: 1995-01-18 . Officials Look To Eliminate Power Delay . A5 . The Selma Times-Journal . Associated Press . 2023-07-30.
169. Web site: Donald Eugene Siegelman . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
170. Web site: Webb . Samuel L. . Armbrester . Margaret E. . June 9, 2021 . Don Siegelman (1999-2003) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
171. News: Bryant . Ted . 1999-01-19 . Putting Children First . A1 . Birmingham Post-Herald . 2023-07-30.
172. Web site: Bob Riley . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
173. Web site: Armbrester . Margaret E. . June 9, 2021 . Robert "Bob" Riley (2003-11) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
174. News: Clanton . Brett . 2003-01-21 . Good Morning, Gov. Riley . 1 . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-30.
175. Web site: Robert Bentley . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
176. Web site: Robert Bentley (2011-17) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
177. News: Kitchen . Sebastian . 2011-01-18 . Governor Says State's 'Best Days Are Ahead' . 1A . The Montgomery Advertiser . 2023-07-30.
178. Web site: Kay Ivey . January 18, 2023 . National Governors Association.
179. Web site: Wilson . Claire . May 1, 2020 . Kay Ivey (2017-) . January 18, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Alabama.
180. News: Tyler . Zach . 2017-04-11 . Governor Ivey: 'More Than Capable' . 1A . The Anniston Star . 2023-07-30.