List of governors-general of India explained

The Regulating Act of 1773 created the office with the title of Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William, or Governor-General of Bengal to be appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company (EIC). The Court of Directors assigned a Council of Four (based in India) to assist the Governor-General, and the decision of the council was binding on the Governor-General during 1773–1784.

The charter Act 1833 re-designated the office with the title of Governor-General of India. William Bentinck was the first to be designated as the Governor-general of India in 1833.

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, but the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the British Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor-General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.

Following the adoption of the Government of India Act of 1858, the Governor-General representing the Crown became known as the Viceroy. The designation 'Viceroy', although it was most frequently used in ordinary parlance, had no statutory authority, and was never employed by Parliament. Although the Proclamation of 1858 announcing the assumption of the government of India by the Crown referred to Lord Canning as "first Viceroy and Governor-General", none of the Warrants appointing his successors referred to them as 'Viceroys', and the title, which was frequently used in Warrants dealing with precedence and in public notifications, was one of ceremonies used in connection with the state and social functions of the Sovereign's representative. The Governor-General continued to be the sole representative of the Crown, and the Government of India continued to be vested in the appointments of Governor-General of India which were made by the British Crown upon the advice of Secretary of State for India. The office of Governor-General continued to exist as a ceremonial post in each of the new dominions of India and Pakistan, until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956 respectively.

List of governors-general

Fort William (Bengal) and India, 1600–1857

Governor-General	Term of office		Notable events
Appointed by Court of Directors of the East India Company
Governors-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), 1773–1833
Warren Hastings	1773^[1]	1785	class=small	Regulating Act of 1773 First Rohilla War (1773–1774) Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William (1774) was established Formation of Supreme Council of Bengal (1774) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) Formed Amini Commission (1776)^[2] Founded Calcutta Madrasa (Aliah University) (1780) James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette (first Indian newspaper published (1780) Second Anglo-Mysore war (1780–1784) Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784) Pitt's India Act (1784) Creation of collector post The first Governor General to be prosecuted for impeachment. As a consequence of his involvement in First Rohilla War Experimentation on land settlements Ended providing pension to the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II Abolished the Dual System in Bengal (which was introduced by Robert Clive)^[3] Moved Treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta Abolished Dastak system (which was introduced by Robert Clive) English translation of the Bhagwat Gita by Charles Wilkins^[4]
	1785	1786
The Earl Cornwallis^[5]	1786	1793	class=small	Established lower courts and appellate courts Third Anglo-Mysore war (1790–1792) Sanskrit Vidyalaya at Benaras (now Varanasi) established by Johnathan Duncan (then Governor of Bombay) (1791) Permanent Settlement in Bihar and Bengal (1793) Introduction of Cornwallis Code (1793) Introduction of Civil Services in India
John Shore	1793	1798	class=small	Policy of Non-intervention Charter Act of 1793 Second Rohilla War 1794 Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas (1795)
	1798	1798
Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley^[6]	1798	1805	class=small	Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance (1798) Fourth Anglo Mysore War 1799 Censorship Act, 1799 Took over the administration of Tanjore (1799), Surat (1800) and Carnatica (1801) Fort William College at Calcutta (1800) The Subsidiary Treaty of Bassein (1802)^[7] and Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805)^[8] Raj Bhavan at Calcutta was established (1803)
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis	1805	1805
	1805	1807	Sepoy mutiny at Vellore (1806) (prelude to the Indian Rebellion of 1857) Bank of Calcutta (1806) established (later Imperial Bank of India, now State Bank of India)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Lord Minto	1807	1813	class=small	Treaty of Amritsar (1809) with Ranjit Singh Treaty of Eternal Friendship (1809) with Talpur Rulers of Sindh Charter Act of 1813
Francis Rawdon-Hastings^[9]	1813	1823	class=small	Ended the policy of Non-intervention Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) ended with the signing of Treaty of Sugauli (1816)^[10] Third Anglo-Maratha War (1816–1818) and the abolition of Peshwaship Hindu College (now Presidency University) at Calcutta (1817) The Pindari War (1817–1818) (Complete Destruction of the Pindari Clan of India) Creation of Bombay Presidency (1818) Establishment of Ryotwari System in Madras Presidency (1820) by the governor Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet Establishment of Mahalwari System in Northern India by Holt Mackenzie (1822) Bengal Tenancy Act was passed (1822) General Committee of Public Instruction was formed (1823)
	1823	1823	Licensing Regulations
William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst^[11]	1823	1828	class=small	Barrackpore mutiny of 1824 Establishment of Sanskrit College at Calcutta (1824) First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) (East India Company defeats Burmese King Bagyidaw and annexes Assam, Manipur, Arakan and Tenasserim) Treaty of Yandabo, 1826 (East India Company humiliates and extracts 1 million Pounds from the Burmese King Bagyidaw)
	1828	1828
Governors-General of India, 1833–1858
Lord William Bentinck	1828	1835	class=small	First Governor General of India Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 Suppression of Thuggee (1829–1835) Kol Rebellion (1831) Barasat Uprising (1831), led by Titumir Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834), and central Cachar (1834) Charter Act 1833 (administrative reforms as well as formalising the non-discrimination in employment of Indians by religion) English Education Act 1835 and introduction of English as a medium of instruction. English was also introduced by the Bengal government in the Calcutta Madrasa in 1829 Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata (1835) Abolition of the provincial courts of appeal and circuit set by Cornwallis, appointment of commissioners of revenue and circuit Mahalwari System in Central India, Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh Brahmo samaj established by Ram Mohan Roy
	1835	1836	Repealed 1823 Licensing Regulations Known as Liberator of India Press Establishment of Calcutta Public Library (1836) (currently known as National Library of India)
George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland^[12]	1836	1842	class=small	Tripartite Treaty (1838) between British, Shah Shuja and Maharaja Ranjit Singh against Dost Muhammad Khan First Bengali daily newspaper Sambad Prabhakar was published (1839) Tattwabodhini Sabha was formed by Debendranath Tagore (1839) First Anglo Afghan War (1840–1842) (Retreating British Army massacred by Afghan militias during the 1842 retreat from Kabul)^[13] Bank of Bombay (1840) established (later Imperial Bank of India, now State Bank of India)
Edward Law, Lord Ellenborough	1842	1844	class=small	Gwalior War (1843) (British defeat Marathas) Bank of Madras (1843) established (later Imperial Bank of India, now State Bank of India) Conquest and annexation of Sind Province (1843)^[14] Indian Slavery Act, 1843
	1844	1844
Henry Hardinge^[15]	1844	1848	class=small	The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) (British Empire defeats the Sikh Empire and confiscate major portion of its territory) Treaty of Lahore (1846) (British confiscated Kashmir from the Sikhs and sold it to Raja of Jammu for 75 lakh rupees) Treaty of Bhairowal (1846) Establishment of Roorkee Engineering College (1847)^[16]
James Broun-Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie^[17]	1848	1856	class=small	Doctrine of Lapse (1848) Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849) (The British totally defeated the Sikh Empire and annexed Punjab) Bethune Collegiate School (1849) (was also known as Calcutta Female School) was established by John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune Religious Disabilities Act, 1850 First telegraph line was laid between Diamond Harbour to Calcutta (1851) Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852) (The sole aim of Dalhousie was to humiliate and annex more of Burmese Territories. Burma was attacked unprovoked) Charter Act, 1853 First Passenger train between Bombay and Thane (1853) Charles Wood Despatch (1854) Post Office Act, 1854 Established Public Works Department (1854) Santhal Rebellion (1855) (15,000 Santhals were killed by the British Army during the rebellion. Elephants were used to destroy Santhal Dwellings) Annexation of Oudh on the grounds of alleged internal misrule (1856) Establishment of summer capital at Shimla Banned female infanticide completely and human sacrifice in Odisha and Maharashtra
Charles Canning, Viscount Canning^[18]	1856	1858	class=small	Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 (drafted by James Broun-Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie) Indian Rebellion of 1857 University of Calcutta, University of Bombay, and University of Madras were set up (1857)

Governors-General and Viceroys of India and Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1858–1950

Governor-General or Viceroy	Term of office		Notable events	Secretary of State for India	Prime Minister
Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947
Appointed by Queen Victoria
Charles Canning, Viscount Canning	1858	1862	class=small	Queen Victoria's Proclamation (1 November 1858) and The Government of India Act, 1858^[19] Formation of Imperial Civil Services (1858) Indigo Revolt in Bengal (1859–1860) White mutiny by the European troops (1859) Enactment of Indian Penal Code (1860) Indian High Courts Act 1861 Indian Councils Act, 1861 Indian Civil Service Act, 1861 Police Act, 1861^[20] Establishment of Archaeological Survey of India (1861) System of Budget was introduced Introduced Portfolio System which gave foundation for Cabinet System	Lord Stanley Charles Wood	Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby Viscount Palmerston
James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin	1862	1863	class=small	Establishment of Calcutta High Court, Bombay High Court and Madras High Court (1862) Wahabi movement suppressed	Charles Wood	Viscount Palmerston
	1863	1863
	1863	1864
John Lawrence, Baronet	1864	1869	class=small	Bhutan War (1864–1865) (The British defeated an undefended Bhutan and annexed Assam and Bengal Duars) Establishment of Shimla as India's summer capital (1864) Establishment of Allahabad High Court (1866) Famine Commission was constituted (1867) under Henry Campbell due to Orissa famine of 1866 Tenancy Act was passed in Punjab and Oudh (1868)	Charles Wood George Robinson, Earl de Grey Viscount Cranborne Stafford Northcote George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll	Viscount Palmerston John Russell, 1st Earl Russell Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby Benjamin Disraeli William Ewart Gladstone
Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo	1869	1872	class=small	Keshub Chandra Sen establishes Indian Reform Association (1870) Started Financial decentralization (1870) Enacted IPC amendment-Sedition Act 1870 to tackle Wahabi Movement Assassinated by Sher Ali Afridi (1872)^[21] Started the Census in India (1872) Established the Department of Agriculture and Commerce (1872)^[22] Established Statistical Survey of India (1872) Opening of Rajkumar college in Rajkot and Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian Princes	George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll	William Ewart Gladstone
	1872	1872
	1872	1872
Thomas Baring, Lord Northbrook	1872	1876	class=small	He suppressed Kuka rebellion in Punjab led by Ram Singh (1872) Jyotiba Phule launches the Satyashodhak Samaj in Maharashtra (1873) against the caste system and the Untouchability practice Trial of Gaekwad of Baroda (1874) Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1875) Prince of Wales Edward VII visited India (1875) Dramatic Performances Act, 1876 He resigned (1876), being asked by the British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to make a treaty with the Emir of Afghanistan Sher Ali Khan	George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury	William Ewart Gladstone Benjamin Disraeli
Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton	1876	1880	class=small	Royal Titles Act, 1876 by which Queen Victoria assumed the title of 'Empress of India' Great Famine of 1876–1878, a 'Famine Commission' was constituted under Richard Strachey (1878) First Delhi Durbar (of three) (1877) Vernacular Press Act, 1878 Arms Act, 1878^[23] Second Anglo-Afghan War, (1878–1880) Treaty of Gandamak signed (1879) Decreased the maximum age of appearing in civil services from 21 to 19	Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, Viscount Cranbrook Marquess of Hartington	Benjamin Disraeli William Ewart Gladstone
George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon	1880	1884	class=small	First Factory Act (1881) Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 First complete Census in India (1881) Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882) Establishment of Panjab University (1882) Government resolution on local self-government (1882)^[24] Appointment of Education Commission under Sir William Wilson Hunter (1882)^[25] Ilbert Bill (1883) Passed Famine codes (1883) Increased the maximum age of appearing in civil services from 18 to 21	Marquess of Hartington John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley	William Ewart Gladstone
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin	1884	1888	class=small	Formation of Indian National Congress (1885) Bengal Tenancy Act (1885) Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885) Burma was made a province of India, with Rangoon as its capital (1886)^[26]	John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley Lord Randolph Churchill John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross	William Ewart Gladstone Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury William Ewart Gladstone Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne	1888	1894	class=small	Age of Consent Act, 1891 was passed to prohibit the marriages of girl child under the age of 12 Second Factory Act 1891 Indian Councils Act 1892 Setting up the Durand Commission (1893) (India-Afghanistan)	R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley Henry Fowler	Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury William Ewart Gladstone Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
	1894^[27]	1899	class=small	Spread of Bubonic plague in Bombay (1896) Indian famine of 1896–1897 Establishment of the Ramakrishna Mission by Swami Vivekananda at Belur Math (1897) Assassination of two British officials (Walter Charles Rand and Ayerst) by the Chapekar brothers (1897)	Henry Fowler Lord George Hamilton	Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston^[28]	1899	1905	class=small	Indian famine of 1899–1900 Munda (Ulgulan) rebellion led by Birsa Munda (1899–1900) Department of Agriculture was constituted (1901) Creation of North-West Frontier Province (1901) Appointment of Police Commission under Andrew Frazer (1902) Appointment of Raleigh University Commission (1902) (Indian Universities Act, 1904 was passed as per the recommendation of this commission) Second Delhi Durbar (of three) (1903) Younghusband expedition to Tibet under Francis Younghusband (1903–1904) Benaras Hindu Girls School was established by Annie Besant (1904) Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904 Official Secrets Act 1904 to curb free press Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in Bihar was established (1905) Partition of Bengal (1905) Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911) against Partition of Bengal by Lal Bal Pal-Aurbindo Ghosh	Lord George Hamilton William St John Brodrick	Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Arthur Balfour
Appointed by King Edward VII
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto	1905	1910	class=small	Establishment of Muslim League by Aga Khan III and Khwaja Salimullah (Nawab of Dhaka) (1906) Foundation of Jugantar revolutionary group in Bengal (1906) Foundation stone of 'Victoria Memorial' laid (1906) Split in Congress (1907) (in Surat session) Satyendra Prasanna Sinha became first Indian member to be appointed in Viceroy's Executive Council Seditious meetings (prohibition) Act 1907 to curb the extremist movement Jamsetji Tata established TISCO (1907) Newspapers Act 1908 Morley–Minto reforms (1909) Indian Press Act, 1910	William St John Brodrick John Morley Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe	Arthur Balfour Henry Campbell-Bannerman H. H. Asquith
Appointed by King George V
Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst	1910	1916	class=small	Third Delhi Durbar (1911) Annulment of Partition of Bengal by King George V (1911) Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911) Partition of Bengal to form Bihar and Orissa province (1912) World War I (1914–1918) Komagata Maru incident (1914) McMahon border line was created between India and China (1914) Ghadar Mutiny (1915) Mahatma Gandhi came back to India from South Africa (1915) Foundation of Hindu Mahasabha by Madan Mohan Malviya (1915) Foundation of Banaras Hindu University (1916)	Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe Austen Chamberlain	H. H. Asquith
Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford	1916	1921	class=small	Formation of Indian Home Rule movement by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant (1916) First Women's University (SNDT Women's University) at Pune was founded by Dhondo Keshav Karve (1916) Lucknow Pact (1916) (between Indian National Congress and Muslim League) Champaran Satyagraha (1917), the first satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in British India August Declaration, 1917 Saddler University Commission or Calcutta Commission (1917) Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms (1919) Government of India Act 1919 Rowlatt Act (1919) Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) Khilafat Movement (1919–1920) (later merged with Non-cooperation movement in 1920) Foundation of Aligarh Muslim University (1920) Non-cooperation movement (1920–1922) Imperial Bank of India (now State Bank of India established in 1921)	Austen Chamberlain Edwin Montagu	H. H. Asquith David Lloyd George
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading	1921	1926	class=small	Annulment of Press Act of 1910 and Rowlatt Act of 1919 Malabar rebellion (also known as Moplah Rebellion), first Ethnic Rebellion (1921) Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva-Bharati University (1921) Chauri Chaura incident (1922) and withdrawal of Non-cooperation movement by Mahatma Gandhi Formation of Swaraj Party (1923) Appointment of Lee Commission (1923) on public services reforms^[29] Railway budget was separated from general budget since 1924 (this tradition continued till 2016) Kakori train robbery (1925) Foundation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh by K. B. Hedgewar (1925) Foundation of the Communist Party of India in Kanpur (1925)	Edwin Montagu William Peel, Viscount Peel Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead	David Lloyd George Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin
E. F. L. Wood, Lord Irwin	1926	1929	class=small	Simon Commission (1928) Nehru Report (1928) Death of Lala Lajpat Rai (1928) Fourteen Points of Jinnah (1929) Purna Swaraj declaration (1929) Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929) Bombing in Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt (8 April 1929) "Deepavali Declaration" (31 October 1929, to grant India dominion status in due course) Appointment of "Hartog Committee" (1929) to survey the growth of education in British India^[30] Launching of Civil disobedience movement with Salt March (1930) Dharasana Satyagraha (1930) First Round Table Conferences (1930) Allahabad Address by Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1930) Chittagong armoury raid (1930) Gandhi–Irwin Pact (1931) Execution of Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, and Sukhdev Thapar (1931)	F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead William Peel, Viscount Peel	Stanley Baldwin Ramsay MacDonald
	1929	1931		William Peel, Viscount Peel, William Wedgwood Benn
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Earl of Willingdon	1931	1936	class=small	Second Round Table Conference (1931) Announcement of Communal Award by Ramsay MacDonald (1932) Poona Pact between Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar (1932) Third Round Table Conference (1932) Pakistan Declaration (1933) Foundation of Congress Socialist Party (1934) Reserve Bank of India established by passing The Reserve Bank of India Act 1934 Government of India Act 1935 Formation of All India Kisan Sabha (1936)	William Wedgwood Benn Samuel Hoare Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland	Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin
Appointed by King Edward VIII
Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow	1936	1943	class=small	Indian provincial elections (1937) Indian entry into World War II (1939) Day of Deliverance (1939) Formation of All India Forward Bloc (1939) Lahore Resolution (1940) August Offer (1940) Cripps Mission (1942) Formation of Indian Legion (1942) Quit India Movement (1942) Formation of Indian National Army (1942) Bengal famine (1943)	Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland Leo Amery	Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill
Appointed by King George VI
Archibald Wavell, Viscount Wavell	1943	1947	class=small	C. R. formula (1944) Simla Conference (1945) World War II ended (1945) Indian National Army (INA) trials (1945–1946) Cabinet Mission (1946) Direct Action Day (16 August 1946) Interim Government was formed (1946) Royal Indian Navy mutiny (1946)	Leo Amery Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence	Winston Churchill Clement Attlee
Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma	1947	1947	class=small	Indian Independence Act 1947 (18 July 1947) Radcliffe Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Cyril Radcliffe to demarcate the border line of Bengal Presidency and Punjab Province	Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel	Clement Attlee
Governor-General	Term of office		Notable events		Prime Minister
Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1947–1950
Appointed by King George VI
Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma^[31]	1947	1948	First Governor-General of the Union of India		Jawaharlal Nehru
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari	1948	1950	Last Governor-General of India, before the office was permanently abolished (1950) First and only Indian-born Governor-General of India

See also

• List of governors of Bengal Presidency
• Council of India
• Secretary of State for India
• List of presidents of India
• Governor-general

Notes and References

1. Originally joined on 28 April 1772.
2. Web site: Amini Commission 1776 - Banglapedia . 21 March 2022 . en.banglapedia.org.
3. Web site: Administrative Reforms of Robert clive . 16 August 2020 . britannica.com.
4. Book: Clarke, John James . Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asian and Western Thought . 1 January 1997 . Psychology Press . 9780415133753 . en.
5. Earl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis (1792).
6. Created Marquess Wellesley (1799).
7. Book: Reddy . Krishna . Indian History . 2017 . McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd . 9789352606627 . 2nd . Chennai . C.53.
8. Web site: Reddy . Vinodh . 28 October 2015 . Governors-General of India (1772–1857) . 30 June 2020 . EduGeneral . en-US.
9. [Earl of Moira]
10. Web site: Treaty of Sagauli British-Nepalese history [1816] ]. 2020-05-27 . Encyclopædia Britannica.
11. Created Earl Amherst in 1826.
12. Created Earl of Auckland in 1839.
13. News: Lessons unlearned . The Economist . 2023-07-16 . 0013-0613.
14. Web site: Sind-British conflict . Britanica.com . 21 March 2022.
15. Created Viscount Hardinge in 1846.
16. Web site: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Index . IIT Roorkee . Information Management Group . www.iitr.ac.in.
17. Created Marquess of Dalhousie 1849.
18. Created Earl Canning 1859.
19. Web site: India - Government of India Act of 1858 . www.britannica.com . 22 March 2022 . en.
20. Web site: Police Act. 1861 . Ministry of Home Affairs . 22 March 2022.
21. News: How Viceroy Lord Mayo's Assassination Led To Creation Of India's First Intelligence Bureau . 22 March 2022 . Outlook India . 14 February 2022 . en.
22. Book: Reddy . Krishna . Indian History . 2017 . McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd . Chennai . 9789352606627 . C.55 . 2nd.
23. Web site: Arms Act, 1878 . myanmar-law-library.org . 22 March 2022.
24. News: Lord Ripon: Father of Local Self Government in India . 22 March 2022 . thenationaltv.com.
25. Web site: Hunter Commission - Banglapedia . en.banglapedia.org . 22 March 2022.
26. News: A Short History of Burma . 22 March 2022 . New Internationalist . 18 April 2008 . en.
27. https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33561/1/11010320.pdf
28. [Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill]
29. Web site: Lee Commission . www.britannica.com . 23 March 2022 . en.
30. Web site: 22 December 2014 . Hartog Committee Report, 1929 . 23 March 2022 . Your Article Library.
31. Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947.