List of governors of Puerto Rico explained

See also: Governor of Puerto Rico.

This list of governors of Puerto Rico includes all persons who have held that post, either under Spanish or American rule. The governor of Puerto Rico is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The position was first established by the Spanish Empire during the 16th century following the archipelago's colonization.

The first person to officially occupy the position was Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León in 1509.^[1] At the time, the Spanish monarchy was responsible for appointing the functionary who would perform this office. The first native Puerto Rican to perform the function was Juan Ponce de León II, as interim governor in 1579. During this administration, all of those appointed to take the position had served another function within the empire's government or the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, the United States invaded Puerto Rico and the Spanish government ceded control of the island to the United States. During the first two years, the entire government in Puerto Rico was appointed by the president of the United States. In 1900, the American government approved the establishment of the Foraker Act as a federal law, this act established a civilian government in the island. In 1947, the federal Elective Governor Act was enacted, which created a new system where, since 1948, the governor is elected through a democratic process every four years. The governor is in charge of Puerto Rico's executive branch and is responsible for appointing executive branch agency heads, including the Secretary of State, who fulfills the role of lieutenant governor, the legislative branch's ombudsman and comptroller and all judges in the judicial branch.

Duties and succession

In the governor's absence, or if the governor dies or is unable to perform the executive duties, the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico takes control of the executive position, as acting governor during a temporary absence or inability, and as governor in case of death, resignation or impeachment and conviction.^[2] The elected governor must designate a number of secretaries and other agency heads that will control the individual administrative agencies during his time in office, the selected secretaries are in charge of the island's health, natural resources, economy, correctional and judicial agencies and the department of consumer concerns, among others. The Governor's four-year term begins on January 2, the day after the New Year's Day holiday.

On July 24, 2019, Ricardo Rosselló became the first governor to resign his office. This happened after more than a week of protests due to a chain of corruption arrests and a leaked Telegram chat which contained offensive remarks made by the governor.

List of governors of Puerto Rico

Governors under Spanish Crown

No.	Portrait	Governor (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office
		Captain General DonJuan Ponce de León (1st time) 1474 – July 1521 (aged c. 47)	June 15, 1508	October 28, 1509	^[3] ^[4]
		Juan Cerón	October 28, 1509	March 2, 1510	^[5]
		Captain General DonJuan Ponce de León (2nd time)	March 2, 1510	November 28, 1511
		Juan Cerón	November 28, 1511	June 2, 1512
		Rodrigo Moscoso	June 2, 1512	1513	^[6]
		Captain GeneralCristóbal de Mendoza	1513	1515	^[7]
		Captain General Don Juan Ponce de León (3rd time)	July 15, 1515	September 12, 1519
		Sánchez Velázquez	1514	1519
		Antonio de la Gama	1519	1521
		Pedro Moreno	1521	1523
		BishopAlonso Manso	1523	1524
		Pedro Moreno	1524	1528
		Antonio de la Gama	1528	1530
		Lieutenant GeneralFrancisco Manuel de Landó	1530	1536
		Vasco de Tiedra	1536	1537
		Vasco de Tiedra	1537	1544
		Jerónimo Lebrón de Quiñones	1544	1544
		Lcdo.Iñigo López Cervantes y Loayza	1544	1546
		Lcdo.Diego de Caraza	1546	1548
		Diego de Caraza	1548	1550
		Luis de Vallejo	1550	1555
		Lcdo.Alonso Esteves	1555	1555
		Lcdo.Diego de Caraza	1555	1561
		Antonio de la Llama Vallejo	1561	1564
		Francisco Bahamonde De Lugo	1564	1568
		Francisco de Solís Osorio	1568	1574
		Francisco de Obando y Mexia	1575	1579
		Juan Ponce de León II	1579	1579	^[8]
		Jerónimo de Agüero Campuzano	1580	1580
		Captain GeneralJuan de Céspedes	1580	1581
		Captain GeneralJuan López Melgarejo	1581	1582	^[9]
		Captain GeneralDiego Menéndez de Valdés	June 12, 1582	May 11, 1593	^[10]
		Colonel Pedro Suárez de Coronel (1st time)	May 11, 1593	December 18, 1597
		Captain GeneralAntonio de Mosquera	December 18, 1597	August 13, 1598
		ColonelPedro Suárez de Coronel (2nd time)	November 23, 1598	March 22, 1599
		Captain General Alonso de Mercado	March 22, 1599	July 15, 1601
		Captain General Sancho Ochoa de Castro	July 15, 1601	July 22, 1608
		Gabriel de Rojas Párano	July 22, 1608	September 14, 1614
		Captain General Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra	September 14, 1614	June 1, 1619
		Juan de Vargas	June 1, 1619	August 29, 1625
		Captain General Juan de Haro y Sanvítores	August 29, 1625	January 24, 1631
		Captain General Enrique Enriquez de Sotomayor	January 24, 1631	February 23, 1635
		Captain General Iñigo de la Mota Sarmiento	February 23, 1635	May 16, 1640
		Captain General Agustín de Silva y Figueroa	May 16, 1640	December 2, 1641
		Captain General Juan de Bolaños	December 2, 1641	July 9, 1643
		Fernando de la Riva Agüero y Setien	July 9, 1643	May 24, 1649
		Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa	May 24, 1649	1655
		José Novoa y Moscoso Pérez y Buitron	1655	August 15, 1660
		Captain General Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen	August 15, 1660	November 23, 1664
		Jerónimo de Velasco	November 23, 1664	June 23, 1670
		Gaspar de Arteaga y Aunoavidao	June 23, 1670	March 17, 1674	^[11]
		Diego Roblandillo	March 17, 1674	August 20, 1674
		Captain General Baltazar Figueroa y Castilla	August 20, 1674	April 6, 1675
		Alonso de Campos y Espinosa	April 6, 1675	August 22, 1678
		Juan de Robles Lorenzana	August 22, 1678	July 18, 1683
		Captain General Gaspar Martínez de Andino	July 18, 1683	1685
		Juan Francisco Medina	1685	1690
		Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle	1690	1695
		Juan Francisco Medina	1695	1697
		Tomás Franco	1697	1698
		Antonio de Robles Silva	1698	1699
		Gabriel Suárez de Ribera	October 17, 1699	July 23, 1703
		Diego Jiménez de Villarán	1703	1703
		Francisco Sánchez Calderón	1703	1703
		Pedro Arroyo y Guerrero	1704	1705
		Juan Francisco López de Morla	1706	1706
		Francisco Danío Granados	1706	1708
		Colonel Juan de Ribera	July 18, 1711	February 12, 1715
		José Francisco Carreño	February 12, 1715	May 3, 1716
		Alfonso Bortodano	May 3, 1716	April 7, 1720
		Francisco Danio Granados	Arpril 7, 1720	August 22, 1724
		Captain General José Antonio de Mendizabal y Azcue	August 22, 1724	October 11, 1730
		Lieutenant Colonel Matías de Abadía	October 11, 1731	June 28, 1743
		Domingo Pérez de Mandares	June 28, 1743	October 29, 1744
		Colonel Juan José Colomo	October 29, 1744	August 11, 1750
		Colonel Agustín de Parejas	August 11, 1750	July 8, 1751
		Lieutenant Colonel Esteban Bravo de Rivero	July 8, 1751	May 1, 1753
		Captain General Felipe Ramírez de Estenos	May 1, 1753	August 30, 1757
		Esteban Bravo de Rivero	August 30, 1757	June 3, 1759
		Mateo de Guaso Calderón	June 3, 1759	March 7, 1760
		Esteban Bravo de Rivero	March 7, 1760	April 20, 1761
		Lieutenant Colonel Ambrosio de Benavides	April 20, 1761	March 12, 1766
		Colonel Marcos de Vergara	March 12, 1766	October 28, 1766
		Lieutenant Colonel José Trentor	October 28, 1766	July 31, 1770
		Colonel Miguel de Muesas	July 31, 1770	June 2, 1776	^[12]
		Colonel José Dufresne	June 2, 1776	April 6, 1783
		Field Marshal Don Juan Andrés Daban y Busterino	April 6, 1783	March 27, 1789
		Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles	March 27, 1789	July 8, 1789
		Brigadier General Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz	July 8, 1789	May 19, 1792
		Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles	May 19, 1792	March 10, 1793
		Brigadier General Enrique Grimarest	March 10, 1793	March 21, 1795
		Field Marshal Don Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez	March 21, 1795	November 12, 1804
		Toribio Montes	November 12, 1804	June 3, 1809
		Salvador Meléndez Bruna	June 30, 1809	March 22, 1820	^[13]
		Brigadier General Juan Vasco y Pascual	March 24, 1820	August 7, 1820
		Brigadier General Gonzalo Arostegui y Herrera	August 7, 1820	February 12, 1822
		Coronel José de Navarro	February 12, 1822	May 30, 1822
		Francisco González de Linares	May 30, 1822	December 4, 1823
		Lieutenant General Miguel Luciano de La Torre y Pando	December 4, 1823	January 14, 1837
		Francisco Javier de Moreda y Prieto	January 14, 1837	December 15, 1837
		Field Marshal Miguel López de Baños	December 15, 1837	October 2, 1840
		Lieutenant General Santiago Méndez de Vigo	October 2, 1840	March 11, 1844
		Lieutenant General Rafael de Aristegui y Vélez	March 11, 1844	December 15, 1847
		Field Marshal Don Juan Prim de Prats y Gonzalez	December 15, 1847	September 12, 1848	^[14]
		Lieutenant General Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos	September 12, 1848	April 23, 1851	^[15] ^[16]
		Enrique de España y Taberner	April 23, 1851	August 23, 1852
		Lieutenant General Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero	August 23, 1852	January 31, 1855
		Lieutenant General Andrés García Camba	January 31, 1855	August 23, 1855
		Lieutenant General José Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y Gonzalez	August 23, 1855	January 28, 1857
		Lieutenant General Fernando Cotoner y Chacon	January 28, 1857	July 31, 1860
		Sabino Gamir Maladen	July 31, 1860	August 19, 1860
		Lieutenant General Rafael Echague y Bermingham	August 19, 1860	February 17, 1862
		Brigadier General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez	February 17, 1862	April 29, 1862
		Lieutenant General Félix María de Messina Iglesias	April 29, 1862	November 18, 1865
		Lieutenant General José María Marchessi y Oleaga	November 18, 1865	November 17, 1867
		General Julián Juan Pavia Lacy	November 17, 1867	December 30, 1868
		General José Laureano Sanz y Posse	December 30, 1868	May 21, 1870	^[17]
		Lieutenant General Gabriel Baldrich	April 4, 1870	September 13, 1871
		General Ramón Gómez Pulido	September 13, 1871	July 30, 1872
		General Simón de la Torre Ormaza	July 30, 1872	November 5, 1872
		Brigadier General Joaquín Eurile Hernan	November 5, 1872	February 14, 1873
		Lieutenant General Juan Martínez Plowes	February 14, 1873	March 25, 1873
		General Rafael Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte	March 25, 1873	February 2, 1874
		General José Laureano Sanz y Posse	February 2, 1874	December 16, 1875
		General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez	December 16, 1875	January 24, 1877
		General Manuel de la Serna Hernandez y Pinzón	January 24, 1877	April 26, 1878
		General José Gamir Maladen	April 26, 1878	June 24, 1878
		General Eulogio Despujols y Dussay	June 24, 1878	July 7, 1881
		General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez	July 7, 1881	November 23, 1883
		General Miguel de la Vega Inclán y Palma	November 23, 1883	July 31, 1884
		General Don Carlos Suances Campos	July 31, 1884	September 19, 1884
		General Ramón Fajardo Izquierdo	September 19, 1884	November 25, 1884
		General Luis Daban y Ramírez de Arellanó	November 25, 1884	March 23, 1887
		General Romualdo Palacios Gonzalez	March 23, 1887	November 9, 1887
		General Juan Contreras Martinez	November 9, 1887	February 25, 1888
		General Pedro Ruiz Dana	February 25, 1888	April 18, 1890
		Brigadier General José Pascual Bonanza	1890	1890
		General José Lasso y Pérez	1890	1893
		General Antonio Daban y Ramírez de Arrellanó	January 10, 1893	June 22, 1895
		General José Gamir Maladen	June 22, 1895	January 17, 1896
		General Emilio March	January 17, 1896	February 15, 1896
		General Sabas Marín González	February 15, 1896	January 4, 1898	^[18]
		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	January 4, 1898	January 11, 1898
		General Andrés González Muñoz	January 11, 1898	January 11, 1898	^[19] ^[20]
		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	January 11, 1898	February 2, 1898
		General Manuel Macías Casado	February 2, 1898	October 14, 1898	^[21]
		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	October 14, 1898	October 16, 1898	^[22]
		Captain Ángel Rivero Méndez	October 16, 1898	October 18, 1898	^[23]

Governors under U.S. colonial administration

Military government

No.	Image	Name	Took office	Left office	Reference
149		Commanding General Nelson A. Miles	July 25, 1898	October 18, 1898
150		Major General John R. Brooke	October 18, 1898	December 6, 1898	^[24]
151		Major General Guy Vernor Henry	December 6, 1898	May 9, 1899
152		Major General George Whitefield Davis	May 9, 1899	May 1, 1900

Post-Foraker Act of 1900

No.	Image	Name	Took office	Left office	Notes	Reference
153		Charles Herbert Allen	May 1, 1900	September 15, 1901	First U.S. civil governor appointed by President William McKinley	^[25]
154		William Henry Hunt	September 15, 1901	July 4, 1904		^[26]
155		Beekman Winthrop	July 4, 1904	April 17, 1907
156		Regis Henri Post	April 17, 1907	November 6, 1909
157		George Radcliffe Colton	November 6, 1909	November 15, 1913
158		Arthur Yager	November 15, 1913	May 15, 1921		^[27]
159		José E. Benedicto	May 15, 1921	July 30, 1921	Interim governor
160		Emmet Montgomery Reily	July 30, 1921	February 16, 1923		^[28]
161		Juan Bernardo Huyke	February 16, 1923	April 1, 1923	Interim governor
162		Horace Mann Towner	April 1, 1923	September 29, 1929		^[29]
163		James R. Beverley	September 29, 1929	September 9, 1929	The only non-Puerto Rican appointee of 15 from 1900 to 1952 who could speak Spanish before going there.
164		Theodore Roosevelt Jr.	September 9, 1929	January 30, 1932		^[30]
165		James R. Beverley 2nd Term	January 30, 1932	July 3, 1933
166		Robert Hayes Gore	July 3, 1933	January 11, 1934
167		Benjamin Jason Horton	January 11, 1934	February 5, 1934
168		Blanton C. Winship	February 5, 1934	June 25, 1939	Summarily removed by President Roosevelt on May 12, 1939.^[31] ^[32]	^[33]
169		José E. Colón	June 25, 1939	September 11, 1939	Interim governor
170		William D. Leahy	September 11, 1939	November 28, 1940		^[34]
171		José Miguel Gallardo	November 28, 1940	February 3, 1941	Interim governor
172		Guy J. Swope	February 3, 1941	July 24, 1941		^[35]
173		José Miguel Gallardo	July 24, 1941	September 19, 1941	Interim governor
174		Rexford Tugwell	September 19, 1941	September 2, 1946		^[36]
175		Jesús T. Piñero	September 2, 1946	January 2, 1949	Only native Puerto Rican governor appointed under US colonial administration	^[37]

Governors under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

(7)
(7)

US party affiliation

(10)
(3)
(1)

No.	Portrait	width=180	Name	Term	Duration	Party	Election	National Party Affiliation
176		Luis Muñoz Marín ^[38]	January 2, 1949– January 2, 1965	16 years	Popular Democratic	1948		Independent
						1952
						1956
						1960
177		Roberto Sánchez Vilella ^[39]	January 2, 1965– January 2, 1969	4 years	Popular Democratic	1964		Democratic
178		Luis A. Ferré ^[40]	January 2, 1969– January 2, 1973	4 years	New Progressive	1968		Republican
179		Rafael Hernández Colón ^[41] ^[42]	January 2, 1973– January 2, 1977	4 years	Popular Democratic	1972		Democratic
180		Carlos Romero Barceló ^[43] ^[44]	January 2, 1977– January 2, 1985	8 years	New Progressive	1976		Democratic
						1980
181		Rafael Hernández Colón	January 2, 1985– January 2, 1993	8 years	Popular Democratic	1984		Democratic
						1988
182		Pedro Rosselló ^[45]	January 2, 1993– January 2, 2001	8 years	New Progressive	1992		Democratic^[46]
						1996
183		Sila María Calderón ^[47]	January 2, 2001– January 2, 2005	4 years	Popular Democratic	2000		Democratic
184		Aníbal Acevedo Vilá ^[48]	January 2, 2005– January 2, 2009	4 years	Popular Democratic	2004		Democratic
185		Luis Fortuño	January 2, 2009– January 2, 2013	4 years	New Progressive	2008		Republican^[49]
186		Alejandro García Padilla	January 2, 2013– January 2, 2017	4 years	Popular Democratic	2012		Democratic
187		Ricardo Rosselló	January 2, 2017– August 2, 2019	2 years, 212 days	New Progressive	2016		Democratic^[50]
–		Pedro Pierluisi	August 2, 2019– August 7, 2019	5 days	New Progressive	None		Democratic
188		Wanda Vázquez Garced	August 7, 2019– January 2, 2021	1 year, 148 days	New Progressive	None		Republican^[51]
189		Pedro Pierluisi	January 2, 2021– present		New Progressive	2020		Democratic

See also

• First ladies and gentlemen of Puerto Rico
• Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
• History of Puerto Rico
• Politics of Puerto Rico
• List of Legislative Assemblies of Puerto Rico

External links

• List of Puerto Rico Governors — on WorldStatesmen.org

Notes and References

1. Web site: Puerto Rico . World Statesmen.org. June 14, 2019.
2. Web site: Rama Ejecutiva. Gobierno del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. es. https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000318/http://www.gobierno.pr/GPRPortal/Inicio/RamaEjecutiva/ . 2007-08-13. 2007-09-23.
3. Web site: Ponce de León, Juan. Infoplease. 2007-09-19.
4. Web site: Directorio comercial é industrial de la isla de Puerto-Rico para 1894. Formado con relaciones oficiales remitidas por los sres. alcaldes municipales de cada localidad. José. Blanch. December 23, 1894. Puerto-Rico, "La correspondencia". Internet Archive. 8. es.
5. Web site: Puerto Rico in the Great Depression. New Deal Network. 2007-09-18. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071105065854/http://newdeal.feri.org/pr/pr06.htm. 2007-11-05.
6. Web site: Governors of Puerto Rico - Under Spanish Rule. El Boricua. 2007-09-19.
7. Web site: Puerto Rico - Chronology. World's Statesmen. 2007-09-19.
8. http://com.miami.edu/parks/sjcasablanca.htm Casa Blanca reveals centuries of San Juan history
9. Book: Soler, L.M.D. . Historia de la esclavitud negra en Puerto Rico . Universidad de Puerto Rico, Editorial Universitaria . 1970 . 978-0-8477-0095-0 . es . 24 December 2019 . 69.
10. Web site: Diego Menéndez de Valdés . Real Academia de la Historia . es . 24 December 2019.
11. Web site: Governantes de Puerto Rico . Link to Puerto Rico . es . 2007-09-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070807165406/http://www.linktopr.com/gobernantes.html . August 7, 2007 .
12. Book: Altagracia Ortiz. Eighteenth-century Reforms in the Caribbean: Miguel de Muesas, Governor of Puerto Rico, 1769-76. January 1, 1983. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. 978-0-8386-3008-2.
13. Web site: El capitan general de la Isla de Puerto Rico a todos los vecinos y habitantes de ella : Puerto Rico. Governor (1809–1820 : Meléndez y Bruna) . Internet Archive . October 23, 2016 . es. July 20, 2019.
14. Web site: Rafael Cordero Molina: Maestro de proceres, Siervo de Dios. Puerto Rico en breve. es. 2007-09-19.
15. Book: Miller, Paul Gerard . Historia de Puerto Rico. Internet Archive . 1922 . 21 June 2020. es.
16. News: A Sketch of the New Spanish Ministers. . Empire. 31 December 1856 . 31 October 2019.
17. Web site: José Laureano Sanz Posse . Real Academia de la Historia . es . 3 September 2019.
18. Web site: Presencia del ideario masónico en el proyecto revolucionario antillano de Ramón Emeterio Betances. Universidad de Puerto Rico. es. 2007-09-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930192442/http://cuhwww.upr.clu.edu/exegesis/32/Davila.html. 2007-09-30.
19. Web site: Teniente general Andrés González Muñoz . Puerto Rico en breve. es. 2007-09-19.
20. Web site: Puerto Rico's New Governor.. timesmachine nytimes.
21. Web site: Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico Parte VI. Coqui.net. es. 2007-09-19.
22. Web site: Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico Parte VII. Coqui.net. es. 2007-09-18.
23. News: Democrat and Chronicle . Last Spanish Ruler in Porto Rico Dies. newspapers.com . 25 February 1930 . 29 November 2022. Although he served only two days, Rivero was credited with being the last Spanish governor of Porto Rico. He was born here and educated in Spain. He served in the Spanish army until the end of the Spanish-American war and later became an American citizen. Rivero was credited with doing much to create friendly understanding among Spaniards, Porto Ricans and Americans..
24. Web site: John R. Brooke. Library of Congress. 2007-09-19.
25. Allen, Charles Herbert, (1848 - 1934). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2007-09-19.
26. Web site: Hunt, William Henry. Federal Judicial Center. 2007-09-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080423011913/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=1126. 2008-04-23.
27. Web site: Arthur Yager 1908-1913. Georgetown College. 2007-09-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002336/http://library.georgetowncollege.edu/Special_Collections/Arthur_Yager.htm. 2007-09-27.
28. Web site: The Architecture of Power. Carnegie Mellon University. 2007-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20070704032938/http://www.cmu.edu/ARIS_3/text/text_vivoni.html. 2007-07-04. dead.
29. Towner, Horace Mann, (1855 - 1937). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2007-09-19.
30. Web site: TR's Family Tree. Theodore Roosevelt Association. 2007-09-19.
31. http://www.llmc.com/TitleLLMC.asp?ColID=3&Cat=136&TID=7037&TName=Ponce%20Massacre,%20Com.%20of%20Inquiry,%201937 Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico. The Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico, editor. 70 pages. May 22, 1937. Published by The Law Library Microform Consortium (LLMC).
32. http://www.cheverote.com/reviews/marcantonio.html Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Congressman. Five Years of Tyranny. Speech before the U.S. House of Representatives. Cheverote Productions. 14 August 1939.
33. Web site: Vito Marcantonio. Five Years of Tyranny. Cheverote Productions. 2007-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20070808104126/http://www.cheverote.com/reviews/marcantonio.html . 2007-08-08.
34. Web site: William D. Leahy - Biography. Williamdleahy.com (official web site). 2007-09-19.
35. Swope, Guy Jacob, (1892 - 1969). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2007-09-19.
36. Web site: Rexford G. Tugwell (1891–1979). The Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. 2007-09-19.
37. Web site: Jesus T. Piñero. Library of Congress. 2007-09-19.
38. Web site: Luis Muñoz Marín - Biografia. Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín. 2007-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092338/http://www.munoz-marin.org/#. 2007-09-29. dead.
39. Web site: Luis R. Negrón. Roberto Sánchez Vilella. Puerto Rico en breve . es. 2007-09-19 .
40. Encyclopedia: Luis A. Ferré. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007-09-19.
41. Encyclopedia: Rafael Hernández Colón. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007-09-19.
42. News: Rafael Hernández Colón, former governor of Puerto Rico, dies at 82. May 2, 2019. Los Angeles Times. May 2, 2019. Associated Press.
43. Romero-Barceló, Carlos Antonio, (1932 -). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2007-09-19.
44. Web site: Fallece el exgobernador Carlos Romero Barceló. 2021-05-03. El Nuevo Día. spanish.
45. Web site: Pedro Rosselló. Senado de Puerto Rico. es. 2007-09-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045334/http://www.senadopr.us/senadores/senador.asp?bId=snZyncs5kk48&lan=. 2007-09-27.
46. Web site: Hon. Pedro Rosselló - Resumen Biográfico . es . 1998 . 2013-08-10 . [Rosselló es] Vicepresidente de la Asociación de Gobernadores Demócratas. .
47. Encyclopedia: Sila Maria Calderón. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007-09-19.
48. Acevedo-Vilá, Aníbal, (1962 -). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2007-09-19.
49. Web site: WSJ: Luis Fortuno is a Republican Star . . 2013-08-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110825052703/http://rga-org.myrga.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=162:wsj-luis-fortuno-is-a-republican-star&catid=7:in-case-you-missed-it&Itemid=9%3Cabout:blank%3E . August 25, 2011 . dead .
50. News: Ricky Rosselló Democratic Governors Association. Democratic Governors Association. 2018-07-23. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20180603153631/https://democraticgovernors.org/governor/ricky-rossello/. June 3, 2018. dead.
51. News: La gobernadora Wanda Vázquez se "inclina hacia la filosofía republicana". El Nuevo Día. 2019-08-21. es-PR.