The governors of pre-independence Sudan were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Turco-Egyptian Sudan and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, an area equivalent to modern-day Sudan and South Sudan.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| Tenure | width=60px | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turco-Egyptian Sudan | ||||
| November 1820 to 1821 | Isma'il Kamil Pasha, Commander | |||
| April 1821 to September 1824 | Muhammad Bey Defterdar, Commander | |||
| September 1824 to May 1825 | Osman Bey Jarkas, Commander | |||
| May 1825 to March 1826 | Mahu Bey Urfali, Commander | |||
| March 1826 to 1835 | Ali Khurshid Agha, Governor | |||
| 1835 to June 1838 | Ali Khurshid Pasha, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| June 1838 to 6 October 1843 | Ahmad Pasha abu Widan, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1843 to 1845 | Ahmad Pasha Manikli (Manliki), Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1845 to 1850 | Khalid Khusraw Pasha, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1850 to January 1851 | 'Abd al-Latif Pasha, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| January 1851 to May 1852 | Rustum Pasha Jarkas, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| May 1852 to 1853 | Isma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1853 to 1854 | Salim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| July 1854 to November 1854 | Ali Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1854 to 1855 | Ali Pasha Jarkas, Governor | |||
| 1856 to 1858 | Arakil Bey al-Armani, Governor | |||
| 1859 to 1861 | Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas, Governor | |||
| 1861 to 1862 | Muhammad Rasikh Bey, Governor | |||
| 1862 to 1865 | Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1865 to November 1865 | 'Umar Bey Fakhri, acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| November 1865 to 1866 | Ja'afar Pasha Sadiq, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 1866 to 5 February 1871 | Ja'afar Pasha Mazhar, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 5 February 1871 to October 1872 | Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| October 1872 to 1872 | Edhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi, acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| 1872 to 18 May 1877 | Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| May 1877 to December 1879 | Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar | Governor-General, 1st time | ||
| December 1879 to February 1882 | Muhammad Rauf Pasha, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| 4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882 | Carl Christian Giegler ("Giegler Pasha"), acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| May 1882 to March 1883 | 'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| March 1883 to 5 November 1883 | 'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq, Hakimdar | Governor-General | ||
| February 1884 to 18 February 1884 | Henry Watts Russell de Coetlogon, acting Hakimdar | acting Governor-General | ||
| 18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885 | Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar | Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum | ||
| 26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898 | Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of Mahdiyah (Mahdist State) | |||
| Mahdist State | ||||
| 29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885 | Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi | Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic Messiah | ||
| 22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898 | Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Khalifa | Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat | ||
| British Military Administration | ||||
| 2 September 1898 to 19 January 1899 | Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Military Governor | Simultaneously served as Sirdar | ||
| Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (condominium) | ||||
| 19 January 1899 to 22 December 1899 | Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar | ||
| 22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916 | Sir Francis Reginald Wingate, Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar | ||
| 1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924 | Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack, Governor-General | Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo[1] | ||
| 21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925 | , acting Governor-General | |||
| 5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926 | Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer, Governor-General | The first civilian Governor-General[2] | ||
| 31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934 | Sir John Loader Maffey, Governor-General | |||
| 10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940 | Sir George Stewart Symes, Governor-General | |||
| 19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947 | Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston, Governor-General | |||
| 8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954 | Sir Robert George Howe, Governor-General | |||
| 29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955 | Sir Alexander Knox Helm, Governor-General | |||
| 12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956 | Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat, acting Governor-General | Chief Justice of Sudan | ||
| 1 January 1956 | Independence as Republic of the Sudan | |||
For continuation after independence, see: List of heads of state of Sudan