Government of Trois-Rivières explained

The Government of Trois-Rivières was one of three administrative divisions of the French colony of Canada[1] from 1643 to 1764, the other two being the Government of Quebec and Government of Montreal. At the time of the New France, the colony was divided into five individual governments: one in Trois-Rivières, one in Quebec City, one in Montreal, one in Newfoundland and one in Acadia. Each of these regions was known as a government because it was headed by a governor.[2] The Government of Trois-Rivières was the smallest of the three governments of the St. Lawrence Valley in both area and population.

History

It does not seem to act promulgating the creation of the three governments of Canada under the French regime (1608-1763). In this, the model here is similar to that of France. At that time, the valley of the St. Lawrence consisted of three population centres: Québec (from 1608), Trois-Rivières (from 1634) and Montreal (from 1642). It then became necessary to create three governments. In Trois-Rivières, the first captain to hold the title of governor Francis Champflour in 1643. Thus appeared the three governments of New France.[3]

At its inception in 1643, the Government of Trois-Rivières had only one permanent establishment, the position of Trois-Rivières. Manors had been granted around (Hertel fief in 1633, Godefroy fief in 1633, lordship Jesuits in 1634[4] lordship of La Madeleine in 1636, Godefroy de Lintot fief in 1637, Dutort lordship in 1637, lordship of Batiscan in 1639), while others were projected (fief de l'Arbre à-la-Croix in 1644, Marsolet fief in 1644). Despite several attempts, no one lived in these lordships because of the Iroquois threat, it was not until 1665 with the arrival of the Carignan-Salières Regiment. The center of the Government of Trois-Rivières will begin on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River from Trois-Rivières down to the east, probably for the sole reason that the rest of the country was in a flood zone. Trois-Rivières is the first occupied, followed by Cap-de-la-Madeleine little after 1640, the Champlain from 1664 or 1665, the Batiscan to 1666 and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade from 1667.

In 1648, the governor of Trois-Rivières became a member of the Council of Quebec, created the previous year. In 1651, the Government of Trois-Rivières has a Seneschal (court), which like back in France, the post of high judge was held by a civil officer called a Lieutenant-General.

The government of Trois-Rivières was maintained by the British during the military regime (1760-1764), with the difference that during this period, each government is autonomous and was not submitted to the Quebec Governor. Each government resorted to a currency of a different course, and required a passport for entry and exit. The two boundaries separating the three governments were a crossing equipped with a garrison: one in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Joliette, between the Governments of Québec and Trois-Rivières, and the other Maskinongé, between governments of Trois-Rivières and Montreal.[5]

The government of Trois-Rivières was abolished on 10 August 1764, when the British replaced the three governments with two districts, one in Quebec and the other Montreal. The Saint-Maurice River marked the division between the two districts.

Territory

The government of Trois-Rivières extended from Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade to Maskinongé on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, and Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets to Yamaska on the south shore. It was the closest of the three government contracts.

In the north, it extended vaguely to land surrounding the Hudson Bay, and south to New England.[6]

These limits had not been set at the creation of the government in 1643. The size of the government was expanded for the area of the Trois-Rivières government extending between that of the Government of Quebec and the Government of Montreal.

Its territory corresponds to the current regions of the Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec. It also included the eastern part of the Townships.

Lordships

The Government of Trois-Rivières had up to 51 fiefs and lordships.[7]

Thirty-four (34) lordships on the North Shore:1. Sainte-Anne-East2. Sainte-Anne-West3. Sainte-Marie4. Batiscan5. Champlain6. Cap-de-la-Madeleine7-10. Islands of Saint-Maurice (Island Pigs or Pottery, St. Kitts, St. Joseph Island, Trinidad and Saint-Quentin)11. Hertel12. High-Boc13. Niverville14 Commune.15. Coteau St. Louis16. Sainte-Marguerite17. Jesuits18. Vieuxpont19. Labadie20. Boucher21. Tonnancour22. Saint-Maurice23. Gastineau24. Robert25. Grosbois East26. Grosbois West27. Dumontier28. Grandpre29. Rivière-du-Loup30. St. John31. Maskinongé32. Carufel33. Dusablé34. Lac Maskinongé

Seventeen (17) lordships on the south shore:35. Yamaska36. St. Francis37. Lussaudière38. Pierreville39. Deguire40. Baie-du-Febvre41. Courval42. Nicolet43. Ile Moras44. Roquetaillade45. Godefroy46. Marie Island47. Bécancour48. Dutort49. Cournoyer50. Gentilly51. Lévrard

Out of 51 of these lordships, there were only two stately homes on the north shore (Cap-de-la-Madeleine and Niverville), and one on the south shore (Lévrard). As for the manorial mills, there remained only three on the north shore (Commune, Pointe-du-Lac Saint-Jean) and one on the south shore (Gentilly).

Parishes

From 1608 to 1764, these 51 manors, appeared eighteen (18) parishes and two missions.

Eleven (11) parishes on the North Shore:

1. Sainte-Anne2. Batiscan3. Sainte-Geneviève4. Champlain5. Cap-de-la-Madeleine6. Trois-Rivières7. Les Forges8. Pointe-du-Lac9. Yamachiche10. Rivière-du-Loup11. Maskinongé

Seven (7) parishes and two Native American missions on the south side:

12. Yamaska13. Saint-François-du-lac14. Mission St. Francis (current Odanak)15. Baie-du-Febvre16. Nicolet17. Bécancour18. Mission Bécancour (current Wolinak)19. Gentilly20. Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets

Each of these twenty parishes had its church and rectory. There are only two churches dating from the French regime (Cap-de-la-Madeleine 1715 and Recollects Anglicans-1754) and no parsonage. If the buildings no longer exist, there are works of art of this period in Sainte-Anne, Batiscan, Champlain, Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Trois-Rivières, Maskinongé, Saint-François-du-Lac and Gentilly.

Organisation

A series of high and minor officials was appointed to assume the organization of each government. In particular governor (in Quebec, it was the Governor General), and a king's lieutenant to attend a sub-delegated steward (the commissary or the Commissioner of the Navy or the general-voyer or warehouseman), a staff, guards for the governor and main building, with a Court of Justice judge (called a Lieutenant-General, not to be confused with the military rank of the same name), assistant prosecutor, clerk, notary, judge a castle to house the governor and his staff.[8] Officers Staff have real rights and honorary rights.[9]

Governors

To ensure the unity of the colony, individual governors of Trois-Rivières and Montreal were in effect subordinate to the Governor General so that they were, in fact, Lieutenant Governors.[10]

The first to hold the title is Governor Francis Champflour in 1643. Those above on the list bore the title of captain.

Lieutenants of the King (Lieutenants de roi)

According to Pierre-Georges Roy, "The King's lieutenants were individual lieutenant-governors. They occupied most of the military part of the troops and fortifications and suppléaient governors in their absence".[11]

Majors

According to Pierre-Georges Roy, majors " were in charge of the police troops and saw the details of the military administration."[12]

Castles of the Governor

Staff of the castle

Captain of the garrison of Trois-Rivières

Population

Table of the population of the three governments from 1666 to 1765.[28]
scope = col width = "20%"scope = col width = "20%" Government Filmography Quebecscope = col width = "20%" Government Filmography Trois-Rivièresscope = col width = "20%" Government Filmography Montrealscope = col width = "20%"Total
scope = row166621354556253215
scope = row168862231406267410303
scope = row169889811590324413815
scope = row17392333733521701242701
scope = row1765[29] 3591373132658469810
Source: Data from 1666, 1688 and 1698, Hubert Charbonneau, Life and Death of our ancestors, Demographic Study, Montreal, University Press of Montreal, 1975, page 40 / data from 1739 and 1765, censuses of Canada 1666 to 1871, vol. 4, Ottawa, 1876.

See also

Annexes

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. from 1608 to 1763, the territory under the toponym Canada was limited to the valley of the St. Lawrence. It should therefore not be read today's country that stretches from coast to coast.
  2. [Marcel Trudel]
  3. Many authors reiterate that the three governments were created in 1663. They existed long before 1663 as the governor of Trois-Rivières in 1648 became a member of the Council of Quebec, established in 1647 and on which sat the governors of Quebec and Montreal. See René Beaudoin, "The Origins of the regional capital", in René Beaudoin (eds.), Meet Trois-Rivières, 375 years of history and culture, Trois-Rivières, art Éditions Le Sabord 2009, pages 73-74
  4. The city of Trois-Rivières has many fiefs and lands censive. See Daniel Robert, "Born in Trois-Rivières" trifluvian Heritage, annual Bulletin of history conservation Society and animation heritage Trois-Rivières, Number 7, June 1997, pp. 6-11 (ISSN 1187-2713). See also René Beaudoin " one of the most beautiful places in the country," in René Beaudoin (eds.), Meet Trois-Rivières, 375 years of history and culture, Trois-Rivières, the art Publishing port 2009, pages 75-85
  5. [Marcel Trudel]
  6. [Marcel Trudel]
  7. The list is drawn from Marcel Trudel, The military regime in the government of Trois-Rivières from 1760 to 1764, Trois-Rivières, Publishing Public Good, 1952, p. 4 card (Regional History Collection, no. 8). The list is included in Marcel Trudel, Atlas of New France, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1973, p. 176, map .
  8. [Marcel Trudel]
  9. Pierre-Georges Roy, Officers Staff governments of Quebec, Montreal and Trois-Rivières: under French rule, Lévis (Québec), sn, 1919, p. 8-9
  10. [Marcel Trudel]
  11. Pierre-Georges Roy, Officers Staff governments of Quebec, Montreal and Trois-Rivières: under French rule, Lévis (Québec), sn, 1919, pages 7 and 14.
  12. Pierre-Georges Roy, Officers Staff governments of Quebec, Montreal and Trois-Rivières: under French rule, Lévis (Québec), sn, 1919, pages 7 and 14-15.
  13. The 1634 was ravaged by fire on December 1st, 1635. It was rebuilt and was replaced in 1650.
  14. Guy Trépanier, Three Rivers, Historic District Study of archaeological potential, Trois-Rivières, Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the City of Trois-Rivières, 1981, pages 78 and 91.
  15. Louis Gilbert, Site-School College Lafleche (2011); Archaeological work on the site CCFD-20 (Operations 7 and 8),Cultural Development Corporation of Trois-Rivières and MCCCF, unpublished report, 2012, pages 8-9.
  16. Pierre Cardinal and Alison McGain, Archaeological Inventory of Trois-Rivières in 1983: Plato, Place d'Armes, La Vérendrye park, Terrace Turcotte, City of Trois-Rivières and MCCCF, unpublished report, 1984 263 pages
  17. Archéotec, Old Trois-Rivières sector Ursulines. Burial of overhead networks, inventory and archaeological supervision 2003-2004, Hydro-Québec and MCCCF, unpublished report, 2004
  18. Louis Gilbert, Shipyard school College Lafleche (2009) Interventions archaeological sites CCFD-22 (Step 3) and CCFD-20 (Operations 3, 4 and 5), cultural Development Corporation of Trois-Rivières and MCCCF, unpublished report, 2010 pages
  19. Louis Gilbert, Site-school College Lafleche (2010). Intervention archaeological Site CCFD-20 (Step 6), development Corporation cultural Trois-Rivières and MCCCF, unpublished report, 2011 136 pages
  20. Louis Gilbert, Site-school College Lafleche (2011); Archaeological work on the site CCFD-20 (Operations 7 and 8), Cultural Development Corporation of Trois-Rivières and MCCCF, unpublished report, 2012, 97 pages.
  21. This report excavations in September 2012 is expected to appear in January 2013.
  22. Guy Trépanier, Three Rivers, Historic District. Study of archaeological potential, Trois-Rivières, Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the City of Trois-Rivières, 1981, p 91-92.
  23. [Marcel Trudel]
  24. Armour Landry means: Arnoult Loubias. Armour Landry, Brides history, Public Good, 1933, page 47 (of Trois Pages, Series A, No. 1). / On the dates, see: Bernard Quillivic and annotations Gerald Menard, with the participation of Lafontaine and Marguerite Marcil Jocelyne Nicol Quillivic, Companies and soldiers of the Regiment Carignan-Salt, [online] http://www . migrations.fr / compagniescarignan / compagnielaubias.htm (accessed 14 September 2012).
  25. Bernard Quillivic and annotations Gerald Menard, with the participation of Lafontaine and Marguerite Marcil Jocelyne Nicol Quillivic, Companies and soldiers of the Regiment Carignan-Salt, [online] http://www.migrations.fr/compagniescarignan/compagnielaubias.htm (accessed 14 September 2012).
  26. See article René Gaultier de Varennes.
  27. Armour Landry, Brides history, Public Good, 1933, page 47 (of Trois Pages, Series A, No. 1).
  28. This table is extracted from the book
  29. In 1760, there were 5,871 people in the government of Trois-Rivières (compared with 35 248 inhabitants in the Quebec City in 1762, and 27 771 inhabitants in one of Montreal 1765). Marcel Trudel, The military regime in the government of Trois-Rivières 1760-1764, Trois-Rivières, Éditions du Bien Public, 1952, p. 27 (Regional History Collection, No. 8). As noted by Marcel Trudel, "figures are Trois-Rivières in 1760, those in Quebec are 1762 and those of Montreal, 1765, but the comparison still remains legitimate."

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