Government of National Unity (Libya) explained

Government Name:Government of National Unity
Arabic: حكومة الوحدة الوطنية
Type:executive

The Government of National Unity (Arabic: حكومة الوحدة الوطنية , Hukumat al Wahda al Watania) is a provisional government for Libya formed on 10 March 2021 to unify the rival Government of National Accord based in Tripoli and the Second Al-Thani Cabinet, based in Tobruk. Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh is the Prime Minister of the unity government and was selected in the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum on 5 February 2021. It is de facto backed by the governments of Turkey, Qatar, Algeria, and Pakistan.[1]

Creation

Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh was selected as Prime Minister by the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF), together with Mohamed al-Menfi as Chairman of the Presidential Council, Musa al-Koni and Abdullah al-Lafi as Presidential Council members. Dbeibeh was required under the agreements made by the LPDF to nominate a cabinet of ministers to the House of Representatives (HoR) by 26 February 2021.

On 15 February, Dbeibeh stated his intention to contact people in all 13 electoral areas of Libya for discussing proposed nominations as ministers, and for the cabinet to represent a cross-section of Libyans. The LPDF rules state that if Dbeibeh fails to present his proposed cabinet to the HoR by 26 February, or the HoR does not approve the proposed cabinet, then decision-making returns to the LPDF. Dbeibeh said the following day that he would consult with the High Council of State, the HoR and the 5+5 Libyan Joint Military Commission.

On 15 February, about 20 HoR members were present at an HoR session held in Tobruk, chaired by Aguila Saleh Issa in the "eastern" component of the HoR; 70 HoR members were present at Sabratha, the HoR session of the "western" component. The Tobruk bloc called for GNU offices to be located in Sirte and for the HoR to hold a special session for approving the proposed GNU cabinet. According to the Libya Herald, the two branches of the HoR remained in competition with one another.

On 10 March 2021, the House of Representatives met in the central city of Sirte and approved with a 121–11 vote the formation of the Government of National Unity led by Mohamed al-Menfi as chairman of the Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh as Prime Minister.[2]

The House of Representatives, which rules eastern Libya, passed a no-confidence motion against the unity government on 21 September 2021.[3] On 3 March 2022 a rival Government of National Stability was installed in Sirte, under the leadership of Prime Minister Fathi Bashagha.[4] The decision was denounced as illegitimate by the High Council of State and condemned by the United Nations.[5] [6]

Both governments have been functioning simultaneously, which has led to dual power in Libya. The Libyan Political Dialogue Forum keeps corresponding with ceasefire agreement.[7] Since May 2022, there have been clashes between supporters of the two governments in Libya,[8] which escalated on 27 August 2022.[9]

On 13 August 2024 the Libyan parliament voted on to end the term of the Tripoli-based government of Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, thus disolving Government of National Unity.[10] [11] [12]

Dbeibeh cabinet

See main article: Cabinet of Libya. A list of members of Dbeibeh's cabinet was released on 11 March 2021.[13]

Notes and References

  2. News: Libya lawmakers approve interim govt in key step towards elections. Radio France Internationale. Agence France-Presse. 10 March 2021.
  3. Web site: Libya's parliament passes no-confidence vote in unity government. Al Jazeera. 21 September 2021. 20 October 2021.
  4. Web site: Assad . Abdulkader . 3 March 2022 . Bashagha's government sworn in at House of Representatives in Tobruk . . en.
  5. Web site: Alharathy . Safa . 1 March 2022 . HCS: Granting confidence to a new government violates Political Agreement . The Libya Observer . en.
  6. Web site: 3 March 2022 . UN voices concern over vote on new Libyan prime minister . . en.
  7. Web site: 2022-06-11 . Libya — a tale of two governments, again . 2022-08-28 . Arab News . en.
  8. News: 2022-05-17 . Clashes force Libya's Bashagha from Tripoli after brief attempt to enter . en . Reuters . 2022-08-28.
  9. News: 2022-08-28 . Libya clashes: UN calls for ceasefire after 32 killed . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-28.
  10. Web site: https://trtafrika.com/africa/libyan-parliament-ends-term-of-tripoli-based-govt-18195476 . Libyan parliament ends term of Tripoli-based govt - TRT Afrika . 2024-08-14 . Libyan parliament ends term of Tripoli-based govt . en.
  11. Web site: Agency . Anadolu . 2024-08-13 . Libyan parliament ends term of Dbeibah-led unity government . 2024-08-14 . Daily Sabah . en-US.
  12. Web site: Libyan Parliament Unilaterally Ends Terms of Presidential Council, GNU . 2024-08-14 . english.aawsat.com . en.
  13. Web site: Names of Libya's newly endorsed Government of National Unity. Libya Herald. 11 March 2021 .

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