Cabinet of Enrique Peñaranda explained

Cabinet Name:Peñaranda cabinet
Cabinet Number:102nd–107th
Jurisdiction:the Republic of Bolivia
Flag:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
Flag Border:true
Incumbent:1940–1943
Government Head Title:President
Government Head:Enrique Peñaranda
Members Number:9 (on 20 December 1943)
Total Number:34 (including former members)
Political Parties:Liberal Party (PL)
Socialist Republican Party (PRS)
Genuine Republican Party (PRG)
United Socialist Party (PSU) (from 16 September 1943)
Legislature Status:Majority government (1940–1943)
National unity government (1943)
Election:1940 general election
Legislature Term:1940–1942
1942–1944
Predecessor:Cabinet of Carlos Quintanilla (interim)
Successor:Cabinet of Gualberto Villarroel

Enrique Peñaranda assumed office as the 38th President of Bolivia on 15 April 1940, and his term was terminated by a coup d'état on 20 December 1943. A general in the Chaco War, Peñaranda was brought forth by the traditional conservative political parties, sidelined since the end of the Chaco War, as their candidate in the 1940 general elections.

Peñaranda formed six cabinets during his under 44-month presidency, constituting the 102nd to 107th national cabinets of Bolivia.

Cabinet ministers


Cabinet of Bolivia
Presidency of Enrique Peñaranda, 1940–1943
OfficeNamePartyTermDaysN.CP.C
PresidentEnrique PeñarandaCONCMil.15 April 1940 – 20 December 19431344
Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Worship

(Chancellor)
Alberto Ostria Gutiérrez[1] Law.26 August 1939 – 1 October 19417671011
1032
1043
Eduardo Anze Matienzo[2] Law.1 October 1941 – 26 November 19424211054
Tomás Manuel Elío[3] PLLaw.26 November 1942 – 16 September 19432941065
Carlos Salinas Aramayo[4] PSULaw.16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of Government
and Justice
Minister of
Propaganda
Julio de la VegaMilitaryMil.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Minister of
Immigration
Demetrio RamosMilitaryMil.11 November 1940 – 12 June 19412131032
Zacarías MurilloMilitaryMil.12 June 1941 – 1 October 19411111043
Adolfo Vilar MendivilPLLaw.1 October 1941 – 20 July 19422921054
Bernardo Navajas Trigo[5] PLLaw.20 July 1942 – 26 November 1942129
Pedro ZilvetiPRSLaw.26 November 1942 – 20 December 19433891065
1076
Minister of
National Defense
Demetrio RamosMilitaryMil.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Minister of
Colonization
Carlos Blanco GalindoMilitaryMil.11 November 1940 – 12 June 19412131032
Jose Miguel CandiaMilitaryMil.12 June 1941 – 20 December 19439211043
1054
1065
1076
Minister of Finance
and Statistics
Edmundo VásquezPRSLaw.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Joaquín EspadaPRGLaw.11 November 1940 – 16 September 194310391032
1043
1054
1065
Luis CalvoPRG16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of Economycolspan="8" bgcolor="ECECEC"
Víctor Paz EstenssoroPSILaw.12 June 1941 – 17 June 194151043
colspan="6" bgcolor="ECECEC"
Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez23 July 1941 – 16 September 1943785
1054
1065
Germán ChávezPL16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of Industry
and Commerce
Hugo Ernst RiveraPSUDip.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
colspan="8" bgcolor="ECECEC"
Minister of Public Works
and Communications
Justo Rodas EguinoPRSLaw.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Oscar Mariaca PandoPLMil.11 November 1940 – 9 May 19411791032
Adolfo Vilar MendivilPLLaw.9 May 1941 – 12 June 194134
Justo Rodas EguinoPRSLaw.12 June 1941 – 26 November 19425321043
1054
Julio SanjinésMilitaryMil.26 November 1942 – 16 September 19432941065
José Salmón Ballivián16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of Mining
and Petrol
Alfredo JordánPLLaw.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Edmundo VásquezPRSLaw.11 November 1940 – 12 June 19412131032
colspan="8" bgcolor="ECECEC"
Minister of Work
and Social Security
Bernardo Navajas TrigoPLLaw.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Minister of HealthAbelardo Ibáñez BenaventeDr.11 November 1940 – 26 November 19427451032
1043
1054
Juan Manuel BalcázarPRSDr.26 November 1942 – 16 September 19432941065
Enrique HertzogPRGDr.16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of Health
and Hygiene
Abelardo Ibáñez BenaventeDr.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
colspan="8" bgcolor="ECECEC"
Minister of Education,
Fine Arts, and Indigenous Affairs
Gustavo Adolfo OteroWri.15 April 1940 – 12 June 19414231021
1032
Adolfo Vilar MendivilPLLaw.12 June 1941 – 1 October 19411111043
Arturo Pinto EscalierPRGDr.1 October 1941 – 26 November 19422921054
Rubén TerrazasPRGLaw.26 November 1942 – 16 September 19432941065
Francisco Lazcano SorucoPSU16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076
Minister of AgricultureMinister of Irrigation,
Immigration, and
Colonization
Alcides ArguedasPLWri.15 April 1940 – 11 November 19402101021
Minister of Irrigation,
Mining, and Petrol
Edmundo VásquezPRSLaw.11 November 1940 – 12 June 19412131032
1043
1054
Minister of LivestockArturo GalindoPLLaw.26 November 1942 – 16 September 19432941065
Minister of Livestock
and Colonization
Julio Céspedes AñezPRS16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943951076

Composition

First cabinet

Peñaranda's first cabinet was formed upon taking office on 15 April 1940 and was the 102nd national cabinet of Bolivia. Foreign Minister Alberto Ostria Gutiérrez was the only holdover from the interim Carlos Quintanilla government. Military figures Julio de la Vega and Demetrio Ramos were made Minister of Government, Justice, and Propaganda and Minister of National Defense respectively. Alcides Arguedas, a Liberal Party writer, journalist, and critic of the previous leftist governments, was made Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation, Colonization, and Immigration. Another noted writer, Gustavo Adolfo Otero was made Minister of Education, Fine Arts, and Indigenous Affairs. The Office of Fine Arts under the Ministry of Education and the Office of Irrigation under the Ministry of Agriculture were both newly established as part of this cabinet.

Second cabinet

Peñaranda's second cabinet was formed on 11 November 1940 and was the 103rd national cabinet of Bolivia.[6] With the resignation of Arguedas, the offices he held were redistributed to different ministers. In this and future cabinets, the Office of Immigration would be held by the Ministry of Government and the Office of Colonization by the Ministry of Defense. The Ministry of Mining and Petrol was assigned to the new Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation, Edmundo Vásquez. The Ministries of Propaganda and Industry and Commerce were discontinued. As was the Ministry of Hygiene, with the Ministry of Health falling under the purview of the Ministry of Work and Social Security. Health Minister Abelardo Ibáñez Benavente also became Minister of Work.

Third and fourth cabinets

Peñaranda's third cabinet was formed on 12 June 1941 and was the 104th national cabinet of Bolivia.[7] This cabinet saw the establishment of the Ministry of Economy separate from the Ministry of Finance and Statistics. Future President Víctor Paz Estenssoro was its first minister, though he only held the office for five days.

Peñaranda's third cabinet was formed on 1 October 1941 and was the 105th national cabinet of Bolivia.[8] The Ministry of Agriculture remained vacant in both the third and fourth cabinets.

Fifth and sixth cabinets

Peñaranda's fifth cabinet was formed on 26 November 1942 and was the 106th national cabinet of Bolivia.[9] The Ministry of Agriculture was filled once again with the addition of the new Ministry of Livestock, though with the Ministry of Mining and Petrol being discontinued.

Peñaranda's sixth and final cabinet was formed on 16 September 1943 and was the 107th national cabinet of Bolivia. Faced with opposition from the left-wing in Congress, Peñaranda attempted to form a national unity government for his seventh cabinet. Representatives from the United Socialist Party (PSU) were invited to join the administration.[10] These were Carlos Salinas Aramayo (Foreign Minister), the then-leader of the PSU, and Francisco Lazcano Soruco (Education).

In December of the same year, Enrique Peñaranda would be deposed by liberal forces of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) and left-wing young officers led by Gualberto Villarroel.

Established Ministries

Víctor Paz Estenssoro (PSI), first holder from 12 June 1941

Analysis

The six cabinets of Enrique Peñaranda reflected a brief return to the traditional political order Bolivia had seen prior to the Chaco War. The majority of ministerial positions were filled by members of the Genuine Republican (PRG), Socialist Republican (PRS), and Liberal (LP), parties which had been sidelined by the Military Socialist administrations of David Toro and Germán Busch. Three Bolivian presidents served in the Peñaranda administration. Minister of Defense Carlos Blanco Galindo had served as Interim President from 1930 to 1931. Finance Minister Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Health and Labor Minister Enrique Hertzog would both be elected president in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 7 April 2014. canciller. 24 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407060021/http://www.rree.gob.bo/webmre/listacancilleres/canciller.aspx?imagen=Alberto%20Ostria%20Gutierrez.JPG&texto=ALBERTO%20OSTRIA%20GUTIERREZ.txt. 7 April 2014.
  2. Web site: 19 February 2013. canciller. 17 February 2021. archive.vn. 19 February 2013. https://archive.today/20130219181305/http://www.rree.gob.bo/webmre/listacancilleres/canciller.aspx?imagen=Eduardo%20Anze%20Matienzo.JPG&texto=EDUARDO%20ANZE%20MATIENZO.txt. dead.
  3. Web site: 19 February 2013. canciller. 17 February 2021. archive.vn. 19 February 2013. https://archive.today/20130219180329/http://www.rree.gob.bo/webmre/listacancilleres/canciller.aspx?imagen=Tomas%20Manuel%20Elio%20Bustillos.JPG&texto=TOMAS%20MANUEL%20ELIO%20BUSTILLOS.txt. dead.
  4. Web site: 19 February 2013. canciller. 17 February 2021. archive.vn. 19 February 2013. https://archive.today/20130219175959/http://www.rree.gob.bo/webmre/listacancilleres/canciller.aspx?imagen=Carlos%20Salinas%20Aramayo.JPG&texto=CARLOS%20SALINAS%20ARAMAYO.txt. dead.
  5. Web site: DECRETO 20-07-1942 del 20 de Julio de 1942 – 4 » Derechoteca.com. 24 January 2021. www.derechoteca.com.
  6. Web site: DECRETO SUPREMO del 11 de Noviembre de 1940 – 1 » Derechoteca.com. 24 January 2021. www.derechoteca.com.
  7. Web site: DECRETO SUPREMO del 12 de Junio de 1941 – 1 » Derechoteca.com. 24 January 2021. www.derechoteca.com.
  8. Web site: DECRETO SUPREMO No 26-11-1942 del 26 de Noviembre de 1942 » Derechoteca.com. 24 January 2021. www.derechoteca.com.
  9. Web site: DECRETO SUPREMO No 26-11-1942 del 26 de Noviembre de 1942 » Derechoteca.com. 24 January 2021. www.derechoteca.com.
  10. Political parties of the Americas: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies, Vol.1. Greenwood Press, 1982. P.146.