List of countries by government budget explained

This is the list of countries by government budget. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.

The following tables show the governmental budget balance, in millions of US dollars or millions of local currency units (LCU, the most commonly used in the country) and as percentage of GDP, based on data published by International Monetary Fund,^[1] World Bank,^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} and Central Intelligence Agency^{[7] [8]}

According to International Monetary Fund, "revenue consists of taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue increases government's net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.20). Total expenditure consists of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. Apart from being on an accrual basis, total expenditure differs from the GFSM 1986 definition of total expenditure in the sense that it also takes the disposals of nonfinancial assets into account. Net lending (+)/borrowing (-) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.17). Net lending (+)/borrowing (-) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities."

According to World Bank, "revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here. Grants and other revenue include grants from other foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; interest; dividends; rent; requited, nonrepayable receipts for public purposes (such as fines, administrative fees, and entrepreneurial income from government ownership of property); and voluntary, unrequited, nonrepayable receipts other than grants. Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends."^[9]

According to Central Intelligence Agency, "budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits."^[10]

In the following table, for each country/territory, IMF figures shows government's revenue, expenditure, and net lending (+)/ borrowing (-) as percentage of GDP and in current USD, calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

+ Government budget (billion USD, current prices)
Country/Territory/Region/Group	GDP	Gov't revenue		Gov't expenditure		Gov't general net lending/borrowing		Year
data-sort-type=number	billion USD	data-sort-type=number	billion USD	data-sort-type=number	% of GDP	data-sort-type=number	billion USD		data-sort-type=number	% of GDP	data-sort-type=number	billion USD	data-sort-type=number	% of GDP
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2020
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2020
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2018
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2020
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2020
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2020
								2021
								2020
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2021
								2019
								2020
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2009
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2019
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2022
								2021
								2021
								2021
								2022
								2017
								2021
								2020
								2022
								2022
								2020
								2022
								2021
								2021
Notes: IMF: Values are based upon GDP in national currency converted to U.S. dollars using market exchange rates (yearly average). Exchange rate projections are provided by country economists for the group of other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for advanced economies are established in the WEO assumptions for each WEO exercise. Expenditure-based GDP is total final expenditures at purchasers' prices (including the f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services), less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services. Revenue consists of taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue increases government's net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.20). Note: Transactions that merely change the composition of the balance sheet do not change the net worth position, for example, proceeds from sales of nonfinancial and financial assets or incurrence of liabilities. Total expenditure consists of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. Note: Apart from being on an accrual basis, total expenditure differs from the GFSM 1986 definition of total expenditure in the sense that it also takes the disposals of nonfinancial assets into account. Net lending (+)/ borrowing (-) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (-) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities.

In the following table, for each country/territory, WB figures shows revenue, grants, and expense, expressed in current LCU (Local Curency Units) and as percentage of GDP. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

+ Government budget (million LCU, current prices)
Country/Territory/Region/Group	Revenue		Grants		Expense		Balance (Revenue + Grants - Expense)	Year
data-sort-type=number		data-sort-type=number	% of GDP	data-sort-type=number		data-sort-type=number	% of GDP		data-sort-type=number		data-sort-type=number	% of GDP	data-sort-type=number style="background-color:#dfdfdf;"		data-sort-type=number style="background-color:#dfdfdf;"	% of GDP
WORLD									2021
									2017
									2019
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2017
									2007
									2022
									2016
									2020
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2015
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2020
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2022
									1992
									1990
									2019
									2022
									2022
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2018
									2009
									2019
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2021
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2020
									2022
									1998
									2022
									2021
									1982
									2017
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2020
									2021
									2020
									2019
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									1980
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2020
									2022
									2000
									2021
									2021
									2022
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2022
									2022
									2020
									2022
									2016
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2021
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2021
									2020
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2020
									2019
									2012
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2022
									2020
									2022
									2020
									2017
									2021
									2021
									2022
									2021
									2018
SIDS: Pacific									2021
									2019
Low & middle income economies (WB)									2022
Middle-income economies (WB)									2022
Lower middle income economies (WB)									2018
Upper middle income economies (WB)									2022
High-income economies (WB)									2022
									2022
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)									2022
Notes: WB: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here. Grants and other revenue include grants from other foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; interest; dividends; rent; requited, nonrepayable receipts for public purposes (such as fines, administrative fees, and entrepreneurial income from government ownership of property); and voluntary, unrequited, nonrepayable receipts other than grants. Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. All values are expressed in million current LCU (Local Curency Units).

In the following table, for each country/territory, CIA figures shows revenues and expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

Government budget (million USD)

Country/Territory/Region/Group	data-sort-type=number	Revenues (millions USD)	data-sort-type=number	Expenditures (millions USD)	data-sort-type=number style="background-color:#dfdfdf;"	Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) (millions USD)	Year	data-sort-type=number	Surplus percentage of GDP	Year	Rank	Notes
WORLD				2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
				2019		2017
				2016		2016
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2016		2016
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2018		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2018		2017
				2010		2010
				2019		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
						2012
				2017		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2021		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				FY09/10		FY09/10
				2019		2017
				2014		2014
				2018		FY12/13
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2005		2005
				2018		2017
				2008		2008
				2019		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2016		2016
				2019		2017
				2016		2016
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				FY05/06		FY05/06
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2005		2005
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2011		2012
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2011		2011
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2016
				2020		2017
				2019		2013
				2020		2017
				2018		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2015		2016
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2015		2015
				2019		2017
				FY99/00
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				FY04/05		FY04/05
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2018		2017
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				FY04/05
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2016
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
				2007		2007
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2011		2012
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				FY06/07
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2011
				2014		2014
				1996		1996
				2020		2017
				2019		FY2017/18
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2017		2017
				2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2013
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2021		2021
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2013
				2020		2017
				2017		2017
				2017		2017
				2016		2016
				2019		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2015		2015
				2020		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2020		2017
				2019		2017
				2018		2017
Budget surplus or deficit records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.

See also

• List of countries by government budget per capita
• List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio
• List of countries by government spending as percentage of GDP

Europe:

• List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues
• List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita

United States:

• List of U.S. state budgets

Notes and References

1. Web site: . World Economic Outlook Database . April 2024 . imf.org . 2024-09-15.
2. Web site: . Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU) . 2024-09-15.
3. Web site: . Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) . 2024-09-15.
4. Web site: . Grants and other revenue (current LCU) . 2024-09-15.
5. Web site: . Expense (current LCU) . 2024-09-15.
6. Web site: . Expense (% of GDP) . 2024-09-15.
7. Web site: . The World Factbook Budget . 2024-09-15.
8. Web site: . The World Factbook Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) . 2024-09-15.
9. Web site: . Metadata Glossary . 2024-09-15.
10. Web site: . Definitions and Notes . 2024-09-15.