List of whips in the Australian House of Representatives explained

Whips have managed business and maintained party discipline for Australia's federal political parties in the House of Representatives since Federation. The term has origins in the British parliamentary system.As the number of members of parliament and amount of business before the House has increased, so too has the number of whips. The three parties represented in the first Parliament each appointed one whip. Each of today's three main parties appoint a chief whip, while the Australian Labor Party and Liberals each have an additional two whips and the Nationals have one additional whip. Until 1994, a party's more senior whip held the title "Whip", while the more junior whip was styled "Deputy Whip". In 1994, those titles became "Chief Whip" and "Whip", respectively.The current Chief Government Whip in the House of Representatives is Joanne Ryan of the Australian Labor Party, in office since 31 May 2022.[1] The current Chief Opposition Whip in the House of Representatives is Bert van Manen of the Liberal Party.

While many whips have gone on to serve as ministers, only three have gone on to lead their parties: Labor's Frank Tudor, the Country Party's Earle Page, and the National Party's Mark Vaile. Page is the only one of them to have served as prime minister (albeit for only a short time), and Vaile is the only one to have served as deputy prime minister. Tudor, less auspiciously, was the only of them to serve as leader of the opposition.

Page was also one of four people to serve as whip while representing Cowper, the others being Francis Clarke (Protectionist), John Thomson (Commonwealth Liberal and Nationalist), and Gerry Nehl. As of August 2013, one other constituency has the same distinction: Griffith, represented by William Conelan, William Coutts, Don Cameron, and Ben Humphreys—all of them Labor except Cameron. Oddly, the last three served in the seat consecutively.

Australian Labor Party

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Deputy Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Frank Tudor
(Yarra) 		12 June 1901[2] [3] Chris Watson
Andrew Fisher
David Watkins
(Newcastle) 		12 November 1908[4]
Frank Tudor
Jim Page
(Maranoa) 		8 July 1913[5]
James Fenton
(Maribyrnong) 		3 June 1921
Matthew Charlton
James Scullin
Edward Charles Riley
(Cook) 		22 October 1929[6]
George Lawson
(Brisbane) 		22 October 1934[7]
John Curtin
William Conelan
(Griffith) 		6 October 1941[8]
Tom Sheehan
(Cook) 		20 September 1943[9]
Ben Chifley
Arthur Fuller
(Hume) 		31 October 1946[10]
Fred Daly
(Grayndler) 		21 February 1950[11]
H. V. Evatt
Gil Duthie
(Wilmot) 		13 February 1956[12]
Arthur Calwell
Wilfred Coutts
(Griffith) 		c. 1963
Bert James
(Hunter) 		8 February 1967[13] [14] Gough Whitlam
Brendan Hansen
(Wide Bay) 		18 December 1972[15] Martin Nicholls
(Bonython) 		18 December 1972
Martin Nicholls
(Bonython) 		10 June 1974Bert James
(Hunter) 		10 June 1974
Les Johnson[16]
(Hughes) 		9 March 1977[17]
Bill Hayden
Keith Johnson
(Burke) 		2 February 1978[18]
Ben Humphreys
(Griffith) 		8 November 1980
Ben Humphreys
(Griffith) 		10 March 1983[19] Barry Cunningham
(McMillan) 		10 March 1983Bob Hawke
Barry Cunningham
(McMillan) 		14 September 1987[20] Tony Lamb
(La Trobe) 		14 September 1987[21]
George Gear
(Canning) 		8 May 1990[22] Ted Grace
(Fowler) 		8 May 1990[23]
Paul Keating
Leo McLeay[24]
(Watson) 		24 March 1993[25]
The position of Government Chief Whip was created on 12 May 1994. The one Deputy Government Whip was replaced by two Government Whips.[26]
width=130px Chief Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Leo McLeay
(Watson) 		12 May 1994Ted Grace
(Fowler) 		12 May 1994Rod Sawford
(Port Adelaide) 		12 May 1994[27] Paul Keating
Kim Beazley
Bob Sercombe
(Maribyrnong) 		20 October 1998[28]
Janice Crosio
(Prospect) 		22 November 2001[29] Michael Danby
(Melbourne Ports) 		22 November 2001[30] Harry Quick
(Franklin) 		22 November 2001[31] Simon Crean
Mark Latham
Roger Price
(Chifley) 		22 October 2004[32] Jill Hall
(Shortland) 		22 October 2004[33] [34]
Kim Beazley
Kevin Rudd
Chris Hayes
(Fowler) 		3 December 2007[35] [36]
Julia Gillard
Joel Fitzgibbon
(Hunter) 		27 September 2010[37] [38]
Ed Husic
(Chifley) 		5 July 2011[39] [40]
Janelle Saffin
(Page) 		27 November 2012[41] [42]
Chris Hayes
(Fowler) 		14 May 2013Graham Perrett
(Moreton) 		14 May 2013[43] [44] Rob Mitchell
(McEwen) 		14 May 2013[45] [46]
Kevin Rudd
Jill Hall
(Shortland) 		14 October 2013Joanne Ryan
(Lalor) 		16 October 2013[47] Bill Shorten
Graham Perrett
(Moreton) 		30 August 2016
Anne Stanley
(Werriwa) 		2 July 2019Anthony Albanese
Joanne Ryan
(Lalor) 		31 May 2022David Smith
(Bean) 		31 May 2022
Notes

Coalition

Liberal Party of Australia

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Deputy Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Allan Guy
(Wilmot) 		21 February 1945Robert Menzies
Allan McDonald
(Corangamite) 		8 November 1946[48]
Jo Gullett
(Henty) 		16 February 1950[49]
Reginald Swartz
(Darling Downs) 		c. Sept 1950[50]
Hubert Opperman
(Corio) 		20 August 1952[51]
Hubert Opperman
(Corio) 		15 December 1955[52] Henry Pearce
(Capricornia) 		Unknown
Henry Pearce
(Capricornia) 		5 February 1960[53] William Aston[54]
(Phillip) 		10 March 1960[55]
Fred Chaney, Sr.
(Perth) 		23 January 1962[56] Peter Howson
(Fawkner) 		23 February 1962[57]
Peter Howson
(Fawkner) 		22 December 1963[58] William Aston
(Phillip) 		22 December 1963
William Aston
(Phillip) 		10 June 1964[59] Bert Kelly
(Wakefield) 		c. August 1964
Harold Holt
Dudley Erwin
(Ballarat) 		21 February 1967[60] James Killen
(Moreton) 		21 February 1967
Kevin Cairns
(Lilley) 		23 August 1967[61]
John Gorton
Max Fox
(Henty) 		12 February 1969[62]
Geoffrey Giles
(Angas) 		24 November 1969[63]
William McMahon
Billy Snedden
Victor Garland
(Curtin) 		14 June 1974[64] Don Cameron
(Griffith) 		14 June 1974[65]
Malcolm Fraser
John Bourchier
(Bendigo) 		26 March 1975[66]
John Hodges
(Petrie) 		16 March 1978[67] [68]
Ross McLean
(Perth) 		May 1982[69]
Don Dobie
(Cook) 		16 March 1983[70] Ewen Cameron
(Indi) 		16 March 1983[71] Andrew Peacock
Ewen Cameron
(Indi) 		9 September 1985Neil Andrew
(Wakefield) 		9 September 1985[72] John Howard
Michael MacKellar
(Warringah) 		12 May 1989[73] David Hawker
(Wannon) 		12 May 1989[74] Andrew Peacock
Bob Halverson
(Casey) 		11 April 1990[75] Neil Andrew
(Wakefield) 		11 April 1990John Hewson
Rod Atkinson
(Isaacs) 		7 April 1993[76] Paul Filing
(Moore) 		7 April 1993[77]
width=130px Chief Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Bob Halverson
(Casey) 		26 May 1994David Hawker
(Wannon) 		26 May 1994John Bradford
(McPherson) 		2 June 1994[78] Alexander Downer
Kathy Sullivan
(Moncrieff) 		20 October 1994[79]
John Howard
Alan Cadman
(Mitchell) 		11 March 1996[80] Stewart McArthur
(Corangamite) 		11 March 1996[81] Trish Worth
(Adelaide) 		11 March 1996[82]
Neil Andrew
(Wakefield) 		11 July 1997Peter Slipper
(Fisher) 		11 July 1997[83]
Michael Ronaldson
(Ballarat) 		18 October 1998[84] Kay Elson
(Forde) 		18 October 1998[85]
Jim Lloyd
(Robertson) 		23 November 2001[86] Joanna Gash
(Gilmore) 		23 November 2001[87]
Kerry Bartlett
(Macquarie) 		18 July 2004[88]
Alex Somlyay
(Fairfax) 		12 February 2008[89] Nola Marino
(Forrest) 		12 February 2008[90] [91] Michael Johnson
(Ryan) 		12 February 2008[92] Brendan Nelson
Malcolm Turnbull
Tony Abbott
Patrick Secker
(Barker) 		26 February 2010[93]
Warren Entsch
(Leichhardt) 		14 September 2010[94]
Philip Ruddock
(Berowra) 		18 September 2013[95] Scott Buchholz
(Wright) 		18 September 2013[96]
Scott Buchholz
(Wright)		13 February 2015Andrew Nikolic
(Bass)		13 February 2015[97]
Nola Marino
(Forrest)		12 October 2015Ewen Jones
(Herbert)		12 October 2015[98] Brett Whiteley
(Braddon)		12 October 2015[99] Malcolm Turnbull
Bert van Manen
(Forde)		30 August 2016[100] Rowan Ramsey
(Grey)		30 August 2016[101]
Scott Morrison
Bert van Manen
(Forde)		28 May 2019[102] Nicolle Flint
(Boothby)		28 May 2019
Melissa Lee Price
(Durack)		26 July 2022Peter Dutton

Notes

Country Party/National Party of Australia

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Deputy Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Earle Page[103]
(Cowper) 		25 February 1920[104] William McWilliams
William Gibson
(Corangamite) 		5 April 1921[105] Earle Page
Percy Stewart
(Wimmera) 		16 January 1923[106]
John Prowse[107]
(Forrest) 		9 February 1923[108]
James Hunter
(Maranoa) 		8 August 1924[109]
Victor Thompson
(New England) 		14 November 1934[110]
Horace Nock
(Riverina) 		30 November 1937[111]
Archie Cameron
Bernard Corser
(Wide Bay) 		16 April 1940[112]
Arthur Fadden
Charles Davidson
(Dawson) 		21 February 1950
Winton Turnbull
(Mallee) 		14 February 1956[113]
John McEwen
Doug Anthony
John England
(Calare) 		10 October 1972[114]
James Corbett
(Maranoa) 		c. 17 February 1976[115] Peter Fisher
(Mallee) 		c. 17 February 1976[116]
Peter Fisher
(Mallee) 		28 August 1980
Noel Hicks
(Riverina, Riverina-Darling) 		21 April 1983[117]
Ian Sinclair
Garry Nehl
(Cowper) 		12 May 1989[118] Charles Blunt
Tim Fischer
width=130px Chief Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Noel Hicks
(Riverina) 		21 April 1983Garry Nehl
(Cowper) 		12 May 1989Tim Fischer
Mark Vaile[119]
(Lyne) 		29 April 1996[120]
Larry Anthony
(Richmond) 		21 October 1997[121]
John Forrest
(Mallee) 		10 November 1998[122] Paul Neville
(Hinkler) 		23 October 1998[123]
John Anderson
Mark Vaile
Kay Hull
(Riverina) 		14 August 2006[124]
Warren Truss
Mark Coulton
(Parkes) 		14 September 2010[125] [126]
George Christensen
(Dawson) 		17 October 2013[127]
Barnaby Joyce
George Christensen
(Dawson) 		30 August 2016Michelle Landry
(Capricornia) 		30 August 2016[128]
Damian Drum
(Murray) 		1 March 2017[129]
Michelle Landry
(Capricornia) 		8 February 2018[130] Kevin Hogan
(Page) 		8 February 2018
Michael McCormack
Llew O'Brien
(Wide Bay) 		26 March 2018[131]
Damian Drum
(Murray) 		10 September 2018[132] Ken O'Dowd
(Murray) 		10 September 2018
Mark Coulton
Parkes		26 July 2022Sam Birrell
Nicholls		26 July 2022David Littleproud
Notes

Defunct parties

Free Trade/Anti-Socialist Party

width=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Sydney Smith
(Macquarie) 		10 May 1901[133] George Reid
William Wilks
(Dalley) 		3 September 1904[134]
Willie Kelly
(Wentworth) 		20 February 1907[135]
Joseph Cook

Protectionist Party

width=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Austin Chapman
(Eden-Monaro) 		17 May 1901[136] Edmund Barton
Francis Clarke
(Cowper) 		29 September 1903[137] Alfred Deakin
James Hume Cook
(Bourke) 		1 March 1904[138]

Commonwealth Liberal Party

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
James Hume Cook
(Bourke) 		21 June 1909[139] Alfred Deakin
Elliot Johnson[140]
(Lang) 		by 1 July 1910[141]
Walter Massy Greene
(Richmond) 		10 July 1913[142] John Thomson
(Cowper) 		10 July 1913
Joseph Cook

National Labor

width=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Reginald Burchell
(Fremantle) 		14 November 1916[143] Billy Hughes

Nationalist Party of Australia

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
Walter Massy Greene
(Richmond) 		13 June 1917John Thomson
(Cowper) 		13 June 1917Billy Hughes
John Thomson
(Cowper) 		c. 26 March 1918[144] [145] William Story
(Boothby) 		c. 25 April 1918
William Story
(Boothby) 		3 February 1920[146] Reginald Burchell
(Fremantle) 		3 February 1920[147]
Charles Marr
(Parkes) 		c. 21 October 1921[148]
Charles Marr
(Parkes) 		9 February 1923Stanley Bruce
Arthur Manning
(Macquarie) 		6 September 1927[149]
John Perkins
(Eden-Monaro) 		27 January 1929[150]
James Bayley[151]
(Oxley) 		19 November 1929[152] John Latham

United Australia Party

width=130px Whip !width=150px Datewidth=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
James Bayley
(Oxley) 		8 May 1931[153] [154] John Price
(Boothby) 		8 May 1931Joseph Lyons
Sydney Gardner
(Robertson) 		10 February 1932[155]
Robert Menzies
John Price
(Boothby) 		19 November 1940[156]
Allan Guy
(Wilmot) 		12 February 1941
Billy Hughes
Robert Menzies

Lang Labor

New South Wales Premier and Labor Party Leader Jack Lang's adherents in the Federal Parliament crossed the floor in 1931 to defeat Labor Prime Minister James Scullin, precipitating the 1931 election. Following the election, Lang's NSW Labor Party expelled members who, being loyal to the federal party, had stood against official NSW Labor candidates. The federal party then expelled Lang and his supporters. Lang's four supporters formed their own parliamentary party, with Jack Beasley (who had led the faction within the Labor Party) as leader. The party expanded to nine following the 1934 election and at their pre-sessional meeting in October re-elected Beasley and elected a deputy leader and whip. Following Scullin's resignation as Labor leader in late 1935, the Lang and Official Labor began negotiating a resolution to the split, and the two parties formally adopted an agreement under which the NSW Labor Party was absorbed back into the federal party on 25 February 1936.[157]

width=130px Whip !width=150px DateLeader
24 October 1934[158] [159] Jack Beasley
Notes

Notes and References

  1. 249224 . Ms Joanne Ryan MP . 11 June 2022.
  2. Book: Tudor, Francis Gwynne (Frank) (1866–1922) . . Francis Gwynne (Frank) Tudor (1866–1922) . Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University . 8 August 2013.
  3. Web site: Commonwealth Labor Party . The Sydney Morning Herald . 13 June 1901 . 7 . 20 August 2013.
  4. Web site: New Federal Ministry: Allocation of Portfolios . Riverine Herald . Echuca, Vic . 2 . 13 November 1908 . 8 August 2013.
  5. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Labor Party Elects Officers . 4 . 9 July 1913 . Barrier Miner . Broken Hill, NSW .
  6. Web site: 7 August 2013 . The Scullin Ministry . 1 . 23 October 1929 . The Canberra Times .
  7. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Federal Session: The Speakership – Colonel Bell to be Nominated . 12 . 23 October 1934 . The Sydney Morning Herald .
  8. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Party Offices: Senator Clothier Appointed Whip . 5 . 7 October 1941 . The West Australian .
  9. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Federal Cabinet: One Change by Caucus . 2 . 21 September 1943 . The West Australian .
  10. Web site: 7 August 2013 . New Fed. Cabinet: Chiffley Leader, Evatt Deputy . 3 . 7 November 1946 . The Central Queensland Herald . Rockhampton .
  11. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Parliamentary Parties Appoint Former Leaders . 4 . 22 February 1950 . The Canberra Times .
  12. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Labor Pins Faith in Dr. Evatt . 1 . 14 February 1956 . The Argus . Melbourne .
  13. Commonwealth of Australia . House of Representatives . 21 February 1967 . 37 . . . Appointment of Opposition Whip.
  14. Web site: Whitlam to be chosen, factions say . Jonathan Gaul . The Canberra Times . 3 . 8 February 1967 . 8 August 2013.
  15. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Portfolios announced . 14 . 12 December 1972 . The Canberra Times .
  16. Later Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives.
  17. Web site: New Labor Whip . The Canberra Times . 10 March 1977 . 12 . 10 August 2013.
  18. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Change in shadow ministry . 2 . 3 February 1978 . The Sydney Morning Herald .
  19. Web site: 7 August 2013 . Keating tops caucus ballot . 5 . 11 March 1983 . The Age .
  20. Web site: Cunningham, Barry Thomas (1939–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  21. Web site: Lamb, Antony (1939–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  22. Web site: Gear, G. . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  23. Web site: Grace, Edward Laurence (1931–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  24. Previously Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
  25. New South Wales . Legislative Council . . Chair of Committees . 12855 . 16 November 2004 . Tribute to the Honourable Leo McLeay .
  26. Government Chief Whip . 834–839 . Commonwealth of Australia . House of Representatives . 12 May 1994.
  27. Web site: Sawford, Rodney Weston (1944–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  28. Web site: Sercombe, Robert Charles Grant (1949–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  29. Web site: Crosio, Janice Ann (1939–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  30. Web site: Danby, Michael David (1955–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  31. Web site: Quick, Harry . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  32. Web site: Price, Roger (1945–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  33. 83N . Ms Jill Hall MP . 2021-11-06.
  34. Web site: Hall, Jill Griffiths (1949–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  35. ECV. Chris Hayes MP. 2021-11-06.
  36. Web site: Hayes, Christopher Patrick (1955–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  37. 8K6 . The Hon Joel Fitzgibbon MP . 2021-11-06.
  38. Web site: Fitzgibbon, Joel Andrew, (the Hon) (1962–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  39. 91219 . The Hon Ed Husic MP . 2021-11-06.
  40. Web site: Husic, Edham Nurredin (1970–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  41. HVY . Ms Janelle Saffin MP . 2021-11-06.
  42. Web site: Saffin, Janelle Anne (1954–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  43. HVP . Mr Graham Perrett MP . 2021-11-06.
  44. Web site: Perrett, Graham Douglas (1966–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  45. M3E . Mr Rob Mitchell MP . 2021-11-06.
  46. Web site: Mitchell, Rob (1967–) . 7 August 2013 . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  47. 249224 . Ms Joanne Ryan MP . 2021-11-06.
  48. Web site: Federal Politics – The Opposition: All Leaders Re-elected . The Western Australian . 9 November 1946 . 15 . 31 July 2013.
  49. Web site: Under-Secretaries Named By Menzies . Sydney Morning Herald . 17 February 1950 . 1 . 28 July 2013.
  50. Web site: Mr. Gullett Resigns as Govt. Whip . The Age . 26 September 1951 . 1 . Mr. Gullett's successor as Liberal party Whip will likely be Mr. R. W. C. Swartz, member for Darling Downs, Queensland. Mr Swartz has acted as deputy Whip for the past 12 months. . 28 July 2013. (N.B. The Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, convinced Gullett not to resign, despite the headline.)
  51. Web site: About People . The Age . 21 August 1952 . 2 . 28 July 2013.
  52. Web site: Mr. Opperman New Whip . The Canberra Times . 16 December 1955 . 2 . 31 July 2013.
  53. Web site: Mr. Opperman New Shipping Minister . The Age . 1 . 6 February 1960 . 28 July 2013.
  54. Later Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
  55. Web site: Deputy Liberal Whip Chosen . The Canberra Times . 10 May 1960 . 1 . 1 August 2013.
  56. Web site: Mr. Chaney Appointed Government Whip . The Age . 23 January 1962 . 1 . 28 July 2013.
  57. Web site: Victorian Deputy Government Whip . The Age . 23 February 1962 . 3 . 28 July 2013.
  58. Web site: Sir Robert Names Vic. M.P. as New Whip . The Age . 23 December 1963 . 1 . 28 July 2013.
  59. Web site: P.M. Fills Vacancies in Cabinet Reshuffle: Anderson and Howson New Ministers . The Canberra Times . 11 June 1964 . 1 . 1 August 2013.
  60. Web site: Erwin chosen Government Whip . The Canberra Times . 22 February 2013 . 3 . 1 August 2013.
  61. Web site: Assistant Government Whip . Prime Minister's Department . 23 August 1967.
  62. Web site: Erwin to be new Minister for Air . The Age . 12 February 2013 . 1 . 1 August 2013.
  63. Web site: Fox is new Govt. Whip . The Age . 25 November 1969 . 3 . 1 August 2013.
  64. Web site: Person Details: Hon Sir Ransley Victor Garland KBE . National Archives of Australia . 30 July 2013.
  65. Web site: Cameron, Donald Milner (1940–) . 1 August 2013.
  66. Web site: Fraser's 6 new men . The Sydney Morning Herald . 27 March 1975 . 1 . 28 July 2013.
  67. Web site: MPs wrangle, so Fraser cracks a Whip . 3 . The Age . 17 March 1978 . The Prime Minister, Mr. Fraser, yesterday dumped Mr. Don Cameron as deputy Government Whip. Mr. Fraser appointed another Queenslander, Mr. John Hodges, to replace Mr. Cameron. . 28 July 2013.
  68. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Hodges, J. C..
  69. Web site: Ministers at risk in some marginal seats. The Canberra Times . 4 February 1983 . 7 .
  70. Web site: Peacock names shadow Cabinet (Sidebar: The outer shadow Ministry) . The Age . 17 March 1983 . 6 . 31 July 2013.
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  73. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . MacKellar, M. J. R. (Michael John Randal) (1938–) . 1 August 2013.
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  75. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Halverson, Robert George, OBE, (the Hon) (1937–) . 1 August 2013.
  76. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Atkinson, Rodney Alexander (1948–) . 1 August 2013.
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  78. Web site: Australian Parliamentary Library . Trove . National Library of Australia . 22 August 2013 . Bradford, John Walter (1946–) .
  79. Web site: Australian Parliamentary Library . Trove . National Library of Australia . 22 August 2013 . Sullivan, Kathryn Jean (1942–) .
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  81. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . McArthur, Fergus Stewart (1937–) . 1 August 2013.
  82. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Worth, Patricia Mary (1946–) . 1 August 2013.
  83. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Slipper, Peter Neil, (the Hon) . 1 August 2013.
  84. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Ronaldson, Michael John Clyde, (the Hon) (1954–) . 1 August 2013.
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  87. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Gash, Joanna (1944–) . 1 August 2013.
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  91. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Marino, Nola Bethwyn (1954–) . 1 August 2013.
  92. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Johnson, Michael Andrew (1970–) . 1 August 2013.
  93. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Secker, Patrick Damien (1956–) . 1 August 2013.
  94. Web site: Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library . Entsch, Warren . 1 August 2013.
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  96. 230531 . Mr Scott Buchholz MP . 2021-11-06.
  97. Mr Andrew Nikolic MP . 2021-11-06 . 137174.
  98. Mr Ewen Jones MP . 2021-11-06 . 96430.
  99. Mr Brett Whiteley MP . 2021-11-06 . 207800.
  100. 188315. Mr Bert van Manen MP. 2021-11-06.
  101. Mr Rowan Ramsey MP . 2021-11-06 . HWS.
  102. News: 'Wind at our backs': Morrison warns against complacency in party room meeting . Sydney Morning Herald . 28 May 2019 . David Crowe.
  103. Later Leader of the Country Party (1922–39) and Prime Minister of Australia (1939).
  104. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Western Australian . 25 February 1920 . 5 . The Country Party: Election of a Leader .
  105. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Mercury . Hobart . 6 April 1921 . 5 . The Country Party: Dr. Earle Page Elected Leader .
  106. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Mercury . Hobart . 17 January 1923 . 7 . The Country Party: Dr. Earle Page Re-Elected Leader .
  107. Later Later Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives.
  108. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Western Australian . 10 February 1923 . 9 . Federal Politics: The Bruce–Page Ministry .
  109. Web site: 9 August 2013 . Barrier Miner . Broken Hill, NSW . 8 August 1924 . 1 . The Vacant Portfolio Offered to Mr. W. C. Hill, Mr. Hunter as Junior Whip .
  110. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Canberra Times . 16 November 1934 . 1 . Wasting Time .
  111. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Canberra Times . 1 December 1937 . 3 . Country Party: Mr. Prowse to be Nominated as Deputy Speaker .
  112. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Argus . Melbourne . 17 April 1940 . 9 . Mr. Corser C.P. Whip .
  113. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Argus . Melbourne . 15 February 1956 . 6 . He'll be Speaker again .
  114. Web site: Tributes to CP Whip . The Canberra Times . 10 . 29 September 1972 . 10 August 2012.
  115. Commonwealth of Australia . House of Representatives . 17 February 1976 . 12 . Doug Anthony . Leader of the National Country Party of Australia . Broadcasting and Television: Religious Programs.
  116. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Fisher, Peter Stanley (1936–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  117. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Hicks, Noel Jeffrey (1940–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  118. Web site: 9 August 2013 . The Canberra Times . 13 May 1989 . 1 . The New Team .
  119. Later Leader of the Country Party and Deputy Prime Minister (2005–07)
  120. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Vaile, Mark Anthony James, (the Hon) (1956–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  121. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Anthony, Lawrence James, (the Hon) (1961–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  122. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Forrest, John Alexander (1949–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  123. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Neville, Paul Christopher . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  124. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Hull, Kay Elizabeth (1954–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  125. Mr Mark Coulton MP . 2021-11-06 . HWN.
  126. Web site: 10 August 2013 . Coulton, Mark Maclean (1958–) . Trove . National Library of Australia . Australian Parliamentary Library .
  127. Mr George Christensen MP . 2021-11-06 . 230485.
  128. Ms Michelle Landry MP . 2021-11-06 . 249764.
  129. Mr Damian Drum MP . 2021-11-06 . 56430.
  130. The Nationals. 8 February 2018 . 771 . Barnaby Joyce . Leader of the Nationals .
  131. The Nationals . 26 March 2018 . 2662 . Michael McCormack . Leader of the Nationals.
  132. Ministerial Arrangements . 10 September 2018 . 8376 . Michael McCormack . Leader of the Nationals.
  133. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 11 May 1901 . 2 . Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal . Opposition Caucus, Mr. Reid Leader, Mr. Smith Whip .
  134. Web site: 27 August 2013 . 3 September 1904 . 5 . The Maitland Daily Mercury . Maitland, NSW . Federal Government Whip .
  135. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 21 February 1907 . 2 . Port Pirie Recorder and North Western Mail . Port Pirie, SA . Notes in the Commonwealth Parliament .
  136. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 18 May 1901 . 4 . Singleton Argus . Government Whip .
  137. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 2 October 1903 . 3 . The Tenterfield Intercolonial Courier and Fairfield and Wallangarra Advocate . Federal Parliament .
  138. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 2 March 1904 . 2 . The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times . Devonport and Burnie, Tas . The Federal Parliament .
  139. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 22 June 1909 . 5 . The West Australian . Federal Politics: The Government Policy .
  140. Later Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
  141. Web site: Federal Opposition: Deakin To Be Leader . The Sydney Morning Herald . 13 . 2 July 1910 . 12 August 2013.
  142. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 11 July 2013 . 6 . Queensland Times . Federal Topics: Liberal Whips Appointed .
  143. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 15 November 1916 . 4 . The Mercury . Hobart . The Federal Crisis: Definite Labor Split, a New Development, New Hughes Ministry .
  144. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 28 March 1918 . 5 . Northern Star . Lismore, NSW . New Ministers Sworn in .
  145. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 18 May 1918 . 6 . The Register . Adelaide . Concerning People .
  146. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 4 February 1920 . 2 . Daily Observer . Tamworth, NSW . Federal Cabinet: Poynton and Wise Appointed, Mr. Burchell Whip .
  147. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 4 February 1920 . 2 . The Register . Adelaide . Mr. R. J. Burchell .
  148. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 21 October 1921 . 2 . Recorder . Port Pirie, SA . In the Public Eye .
  149. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 7 September 1927 . 5 . Northern Star . Lismore, NSW . Government Whip .
  150. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 28 January 1929 . 11 . The Advertiser . Adelaide . The Nationalist Whip .
  151. Later Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives.
  152. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 20 November 1929 . 21 . The Advertiser . Adelaide . Another Surprise: Resignation of Senator .
  153. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 8 May 1931 . 21 . Advertiser and Register . Adelaide . United Party Officials: Mr. Price Assistant Whip .
  154. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 17 February 1932 . 21 . The Advertiser . Adelaide . Mr. MacKay Speaker: U.A.P. Nomination, Election Today .
  155. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 11 February 1932 . 7 . Cairns Post . Federal Cabinet: Whips Appointed .
  156. Web site: 13 August 2013 . 20 November 1940 . 4 . Cairns Post . Federal Speaker: Mr. W. M. Nairn Nominated, Defeats Mr. Francis in Ballot .
  157. Web site: Unity in Labor Party: Terms Accepted, Expulsions Removed . The Sydney Morning Herald . 13 . 26 February 1936 . 17 August 2013.
  158. Web site: Lang Labor Party Officials . Advocate . Burnie, Tas . 8 . 25 October 1934 . 17 August 2013.
  159. Web site: Dr. Maloney 'Out of Bounds' . The Advertiser . Adelaide . 7 . 6 December 1935 . 17 August 2013.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of whips in the Australian House of Representatives".

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