Gottfriedia Explained

Gottfriedia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales.^{[1] [2]} The type species for this genus is Gottfriedia luciferensis.^[3]

Members of Gottfriedia were transferred from the polyphyletic genus Bacillus, whose complicated interspecies taxonomy arose as a result of vague criteria used to assign novel bacteria into the genus.^[4] The extensive polyphyly of the genus has been recognized as an issue by the scientific community,^{[5] [6]} resulting in the publication of multiple phylogenetic studies in an effort to clarify the taxonomy of this genus. As a result, Bacillus has been restricted only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus,^[7] and many species were transferred into novel genera such as Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus and Ectobacillus.^{[8] [9] [10]}

The name Gottfriedia was chosen to celebrate the German scientist and naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), who initially proposed the name Bacillus for rod-shaped and to recognize his contributions to the studies of microscopic organisms.

Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures

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Members of the genus Gottfriedia are either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. All species are endospore-forming and some are motile. Gottfriedia can survive in temperatures ranging from NaNabbr=NaNabbr=, but optimal growth occurs in the range of NaNabbr=NaNabbr=.

14 CSIs have been identified for this genus in the proteins ABC transporter substrate-binding protein, helicase-exonuclease subunit AddAB subunit AddA, MFS transporter, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase subunit B, LTA synthase family protein, sulphate ABC transporter permease subunit CysW, class I SAM-dependent RNA methyltransferase, site-specific tyrosine recombinase XerD, 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, 5-oxoprolinase subunit PxpB, MATE family efflux transporter, ABC transporter permease, MBL fold metallo-hydrolase and YitT family protein and is in most cases shared by all members of this genus. These molecular signatures were identified through analyses of genome sequences from Gottfriedia species and provide a reliable way to demarcate members of this genus from other Bacillaceae genera and bacteria.

Taxonomy

, there are a total of three species with validly published names in the genus Gottfriedia. Members of this clade are found to form a monophyletic branch in various phylogenetic trees created based on concatenated sequences from various datasets of conserved proteins and 16S ribosomal RNA genome sequences. The branching pattern of this clade is also reflected in the Genome Taxonomy Database.^[11]

Notes and References

1. Gupta. Radhey S.. Patel. Sudip. Saini. Navneet. Chen. Shu. 2020-11-01. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 11. 5753–5798. 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475. 1466-5026. 33112222. free.
2. Book: 2005. Brenner. Don J.. Krieg. Noel R.. Staley. James T.. Garrity. George M.. Boone. David R.. De Vos. Paul. Goodfellow. Michael. Rainey. Fred A.. Schleifer. Karl-Heinz. Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. 10.1007/0-387-28022-7. 978-0-387-24144-9 .
3. Web site: Genus: Gottfriedia. 2021-05-28. lpsn.dsmz.de. en.
4. Ash. Carol. Farrow. J.A.E.. Wallbanks. Sally. Collins. M.D.. 2008-06-28. Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 13. 4. 202–206. 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x. 82988953 . 0266-8254.
5. Logan. N.A.. 2011-12-20. Bacillus and relatives in foodborne illness. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 112. 3. 417–429. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05204.x. 1364-5072. 22121830. free.
6. La Duc. Myron T. Satomi. Masataka. Agata. Norio. Venkateswaran. Kasthuri. March 2004. gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 56. 3. 383–394. 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.004. 0167-7012. 14967230.
7. Patel. Sudip. Gupta. Radhey S.. 2020-01-01. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 1. 406–438. 10.1099/ijsem.0.003775. 1466-5026. 31617837. free.
8. Heyndrickx. M.. Lebbe. L.. Kersters. K.. Hoste. B.. De Wachter. R.. De Vos. P.. Forsyth. G.. Logan. N. A.. 1999-07-01. Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49. 3. 1083–1090. 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083. 1466-5026. 10425765. free.
9. Shida. O.. Takagi. H.. Kadowaki. K.. Komagata. K.. 1996-10-01. Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. en. 46. 4. 939–946. 10.1099/00207713-46-4-939. 0020-7713. 8863420. free.
10. Mual. Poonam. Singh. Nitin Kumar. Verma. Ashish. Schumann. Peter. Krishnamurthi. Srinivasan. Dastager. Syed. Mayilraj. Shanmugam. 2016-05-01. Reclassification of Bacillus isronensis Shivaji et al. 2009 as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. and emended description of genus Solibacillus Krishnamurthi et al. 2009. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 66. 5. 2113–2120. 10.1099/ijsem.0.000982. 1466-5026. 26907585. free.
11. Web site: GTDB - Tree. 2021-05-25. gtdb.ecogenomic.org.