Gonzalo Javier Trancho Gayo (Madrid, 8 February 1955) is a Spanish anthropologist.
He obtained doctor and bachelor degrees in Biological Sciences at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, where he is also a professor in the Zoology and Anthropology Department. His thesis dealt with a cell biology study of populations of Nilotides and he has taken part in several researches in Spain and more countries (for instance, El hombre arcaico costero: su biodiversidad y bioadaptación, Chile). He's a member of the Asociación Española de Paleopatología