| Gonzalo Anes | |
| Birth Date: | 10 December 1931 |
| Birth Place: | Trelles, Coaña, Asturias, Spain |
| Death Place: | Madrid, Spain |
| Nationality: | Spaniard |
| Occupation: | Economic History Professor, Bank of Spain Board Member, Prado Museum Board President, Royal Academy of History Director |
| Known For: | Marquis of Castrillón (2010-2014) |
Gonzalo Anes Álvarez de Castrillón (10 December 1931 – 31 March 2014) was a Spanish economist, professor and historian. He was director of the Royal Academy of History.
He was born in Trelles, Coaña, Asturias, and died on 31 March 2014 in Madrid.
He was a winner of the King Juan Carlos Prize in Economics.In recognition of his work, he was made Marquis of Castrillón, a title he held from 2010 until his death in 2014.