| Golub-Dobrzyń | |
| Pushpin Map: | Poland |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Voivodeship |
| Subdivision Name1: | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Golub-Dobrzyń |
| Subdivision Type3: | Gmina |
| Subdivision Name3: | Golub-Dobrzyń (urban gmina) |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Mariusz Piątkowski |
| Area Total Km2: | 7.50 |
| Population As Of: | 2013 |
| Population Total: | 13060 |
| Population Density Km2: | 1741 |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | 53.1°N 22°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 87-400, 87-401 |
| Blank Name: | Car plates |
| Blank Info: | CGD |
Golub-Dobrzyń (pronounced as /pl/) is a town in north-central Poland, located on the Drwęca. It is the capital of Golub-Dobrzyń County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and has a population of 13,060.
Golub-Dobrzyń was established on May 5, 1951 through merging two neighbouring towns having faced each other across the river Drwęca for centuries, namely Golub located in the Chełmno Land within historical Pomerelia and Dobrzyń located in the Dobrzyń Land within historical Kuyavia.
The village Golub, populated by Poles, was first mentioned in a document from 1258; Chełmno Land was granted as a fief by the Duke of Mazovia to the Teutonic Knights in 1231 in return for their forthcoming crusade against the heathen Prussians. The Teutonic Knights built a castle (1296–1306) and elevated it to town status. In the 14th century, papal verdicts ordered the restoration of the area to Poland, however, the Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy the region.[1] In 1421 all privileges of the town were confirmed by Grand Master Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg. In 1410 and 1422, the castle and town were captured by the Poles,[2] and Golub was severely damaged, with the war of 1422 called the Golub War. In March 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon reincorporated the town into the Kingdom of Poland, and in May 1454 it pledged allegiance to the Polish King in Toruń.[3] During the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, it was captured by the Teutonic Knights in 1460, and recaptured by the Poles in 1462.[2] Reintegration with Poland was confirmed in the Second Peace of Toruń (1466).
Golub was a royal town of Poland, administratively located in the Chełmno County in the Chełmno Voivodeship.[4] A degree of prosperity for Golub was reached during the reign of King Sigismund III Vasa 1611-25. In 1605, Anna Vasa, sister of Sigismund III, became the starost of Golub, and she lived in the Golub Castle.[2] In 1623, she was visited in Golub by Sigismund III.[2] However the town was severely damaged during Polish-Swedish Wars, especially in 1626-29, 1655,[2] and 1660, as well as the later Seven Years' War (1756–63). In the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Golub was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.[2] From 1807-15 it belonged to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It was assigned to the Duchy of Poznan in 1815, and in 1817 it was included in West Prussia which in 1871 became part of Imperial Germany. According to the German census of 1890, Golub had a population of 2,738, of which 1,000 (36.5%) were Poles.[5]
In January 1920 it became again part of Poland under the Treaty of Versailles. In August 1920, the Red Army attacked the town. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied and unilaterally annexed by Nazi Germany and most of dwellers were forced to sign the Volksliste.
Since the second half of the 17th century, Dobrzyń existed as a settlement on the loft bank of the Drwęca. In 1684 Zygmunt Działyński named the settlement Przedmieście Golubskie. It was administratively located in the Rypin County in the Inowrocław Voivodeship. In 1789 Count Ignacy Działyński founded the town of Dobrzyń. In 1793 after the Second Partition of Poland, Dobrzyń was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. From 1807-15 it belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it was included in the Kingdom of Poland in personal union with the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century the Kingdom of Poland was de facto demoted and renamed Vistula Land, while the town developed quickly with a growing Jewish population, eventually surpassing Golub.
Dobrzyń became part of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 following World War I. In August 1920, the Soviet Red Army attacked the town. At the start of World War II, in 1939, it was occupied and unilaterally annexed by Nazi Germany and most of its dwellers were deported to Nazi concentration camps. The local intelligentsia was murdered through executions during the Intelligenzaktion.
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland.
Golub-Dobrzyń is twinned with:
