Lilium bosniacum explained

Lilium bosniacum is a lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also known as zlatni ljiljan (Bosnian for golden lily) and Bosanski ljiljan (Bosnian lily).

L. bosniacum has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some results of molecular studies[1] support it as an infraspecific taxon of Lilium carniolicum. Lilium bosniacum, together with Lilium albanicum and Lilium jankae have been treated as varieties of Lilium carniolicum.

However, extensive DNA-analyses[2] [3] have shown that this group is polyphyletic.

Description

Lilium bosniacum Beck ex Fritsch 1909 Section 3bSyn.: L. carniolicum var. bosniacumno

Bulb: ovoid, 6–7 cm in diameter, yellowish.

Stem: 30–90 cm.

Leaves: densely scattered, horizontal with tips curved upwards, narrowly lanceolate with slightly hairy margins.

Flowers: 1–6 in a raceme, nodding, fragrant. Tepals strongly revolute, typical Turk's cap-shape, wax-like texture, yellow to orange without spots, ~6 cm in diameter. Seeds with delayed hypogeal germination. Flowering time ~July. 2n=24.

Origin: Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Symbolic use

The golden lily is a traditional symbol of the Bosniak people, and was a heraldic national symbol of medieval Bosnia and a coat of arms of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[4] [5] Its symbolism was also used for the Order of the Golden Lily.

See also

Notes and References

  1. I. Resetnik, Z. Liber, Z. Satovic, P. Cigic, T. Nikolic: Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Lilium carniolicum group (Liliaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences, in: Plant Systematics and Evolution, 265: 45–58 (2007)
  2. http://www.bgbm.org/willdenowia/w-pdf/wi36-2Ikinci+al.pdf Nursel Ikinci, Christoph Oberprieler, Adil Güner: On the origin of European lilies: phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers, In: Willdenowia 36, 2006, pp. 647–656.
  3. Muratović, E., Bogunić, F., Soljan, D., & Siljak-Yakovlev, S. 2005: Does Lilium bosniacum merit species rank? A classical and molecular-cytogenetic analysis. Pl. Syst. Evolution 252: 97–109.
  4. Book: Resić, Senimir . En historia om Balkan: Jugoslaviens uppgång och fall . 2010 . Historiska Media . 294 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141229183931/http://www.adlibris.com/se/bok/en-historia-om-balkan---jugoslaviens-uppgang-och-fall-9789185507870 . 2014-12-29 . 2022-08-29. At Google Books, without preview, see here. First edition 2006, republished 2008, 2010, 2013, 2018. .
  5. Web site: SFOR - Bosnia and Herzegovina in ten flags .