Glyphosine Explained

Glyphosine is a plant growth regulator used on sugar beet and sugarcane. ᛁt inhibits fiber production, causing the plant to divert more dry matter to sucrose storage. 76000lbs of glyphosine were used in the US in 1974.^[1] It was first registered in 1972, though now is considered largely obsolete.^[2] In other plants, e.g. maize, it causes chlorosis by inhibiting plasmid RNA synthesis.^[3] It can be synthesized from chloroacetic acid and N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)amine.^[4] Metals form complexes with glyphosine.^{[5] [6]}

Chemically, glyphosine is a tertiary amine, a glycine derivative and a phosphonic acid.^[7]

It has been manufactured by CCA Biochemical and Monsanto, and sold under the "Polaris" trademark.^[2]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Pesticide Usage Survey of Agricultural, Governmental, and Industrial Sectors in the United States, 1974 . epa.gov . EPA . 1977.
2. Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
3. Slovin . Janet P. . Tobin . Elaine M. . Glyphosine, a plant growth regulator, affects chloroplast membrane proteins . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics . 12 August 1981 . 637 . 1 . 177–184 . 10.1016/0005-2728(81)90224-3.
4. Web site: n2:0044-460X - Search Results . 2024-11-21 . search.worldcat.org.
5. Xuebing . Ma . Xiangkai . Fu . 2004-02-02 . Synthesis of the novel layered amorphous and crystalline zirconium phosphate–phosphonates Zr(HPO4)[O3PCH2N(CH2CH2)2O]·nH2O, Zr(HPO4)[O3PCH2N(CH2CO2H)2]·nH2O, zirconium phosphonates Zr[(O3PCH2)NCH2CO2H]·nH2O and the catalytic activities of their palladium complexes in hydrogenation ]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical . 208 . 1 . 129–133 . 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.07.004 . 1381-1169.
6. Galanski . Mathea Sophia . Slaby . Susanna . Jakupec . Michael A. . Keppler . Bernhard K. . 2003-11-06 . Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of Osteotropic Diam(m)ineplatinum(II) Complexes Bearing a N, N -Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine Ligand . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry . en . 46 . 23 . 4946–4951 . 10.1021/jm0308040 . 14584945 . 0022-2623.
7. Web site: Glyphosine . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . en.