Glycoside hydrolase family 24 explained

Symbol:Phage_lysozyme
Phage lysozyme
Pfam:PF00959
Pfam Clan:CL0037
Interpro:IPR002196
Scop:119l
Cazy:GH24
Cdd:cd00442

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 24 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

Glycoside hydrolases are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.[1] [2] [3] This classification is available on the CAZy web site,[4] [5] and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.[6] [7]

Glycoside hydrolase family 24 CAZY GH_24 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; lysozyme . This family includes lambda phage lysozyme and Escherichia coli T4 phage endolysin.[8] Lysozyme helps to release mature phage particles from the cell wall by breaking down the peptidoglycan. The enzyme hydrolyses the 1,4-beta linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan heteropolymers of prokaryotic cell walls. E. coli endolysin also functions in bacterial cell lysis and acts as a transglycosylase. The T4 lysozyme structure contains 2 domains, the interface between which forms the active-site cleft. The N-terminus of the 2 domains undergoes a 'hinge-bending' motion about an axis passing through the molecular waist.[9] This mobility is thought to be important in allowing access of substrates to the enzyme active site.

Notes and References

  1. Henrissat B, Callebaut I, Fabrega S, Lehn P, Mornon JP, Davies G . Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 92 . 15 . 7090–4 . July 1995 . 7624375 . 41477 . 10.1073/pnas.92.15.7090 . 1995PNAS...92.7090H . free .
  2. Davies G, Henrissat B . Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases . Structure . 3 . 9 . 853–9 . September 1995 . 8535779 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00220-9 . free .
  3. Henrissat B, Bairoch A . Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases . The Biochemical Journal . 316 . Pt 2 . 695–6 . June 1996 . 8687420 . 1217404 . 10.1042/bj3160695.
  4. Web site: Home. CAZy.org. en. 2018-03-06.
  5. Lombard V, Golaconda Ramulu H, Drula E, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B . The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013 . Nucleic Acids Research . 42 . Database issue . D490-5 . January 2014 . 24270786 . 3965031 . 10.1093/nar/gkt1178 .
  6. Web site: Glycoside Hydrolase Family 24. CAZypedia.org. en. 2018-03-06.
  7. Ten years of CAZypedia: a living encyclopedia of carbohydrate-active enzymes . Glycobiology . 28 . 1 . 3–8 . December 2018 . 29040563 . 10.1093/glycob/cwx089 . CAZypedia Consortium . free .
  8. Weaver LH, Matthews BW . Structure of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme refined at 1.7 A resolution . Journal of Molecular Biology . 193 . 1 . 189–99 . January 1987 . 3586019 . 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90636-X .
  9. Faber HR, Matthews BW . A mutant T4 lysozyme displays five different crystal conformations . Nature . 348 . 6298 . 263–6 . November 1990 . 2234094 . 10.1038/348263a0 . 1990Natur.348..263F . 4266149 .

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