Glomeridesmidae Explained

Glomeridesmidae is a millipede family of the order Glomeridesmida. This family includes two genera: The genus Glomeridesmus includes most species in this family; the genus Glomeridesmoides includes one species.^{[1] [2]}

Description

In millipedes in this family, the head is visible from above, and the antennae are much longer than the head is wide. The first tergite (the collum) is smaller than the tergites that follow. The legs are sparesely covered with isolated spines. The female has an elongated ovipositor.

Most adult females in this family have 36 pairs of legs and 21 segments, counting 20 tergites plus the anal shield. Male specimens in this family are rare and known for only a few species. Descriptions of mature males in at least four species (Glomeridesmus spelaeus, G. siamensis, G. arcostriatus, and G. marmoreus) report 35 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and 20 segments, one fewer than the 21 segments found in adult females.^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

Some species, however, seem to deviate from the most common body plan. The description of an adult male of G. indus, for example, reports 37 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and the same 21 segments are normally found in adult females.^[8] Furthermore, the description of a species from another genus (Glomeridesmoides termitophilus) reports some deviations from the usual pattern, describing females with the usual 21 segments but only 35 leg pairs and two males with the same 21 segments (with 34 and 35 leg pairs, including a pair of telopods). Millipedes in this family develop by hemianamorphosis, with leg and segment numbers decoupled such that individuals may reach the full complement of one before the other.^[9]

Genera

• Glomeridesmoides
• Glomeridesmus

Notes and References

1. Book: Shear, W . Animal biodiversity : an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness . Zootaxa . 2011 . Zhang, Z.-Q. . 3148 . 159–164 . Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 . 10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.32 . http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p164.pdf.
2. Web site: MilliBase - Glomeridesmidae Latzel, 1884 . 2023-02-25 . www.millibase.org.
3. Enghoff . Henrik . Golovatch . Sergei . Short . Megan . Stoev . Pavel . Wesener . Thomas . 2015-01-01 . Diplopoda — taxonomic overview . Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2 . en . 363–453 . 10.1163/9789004188273_017 . 9789004188273.
4. Iniesta . Luiz Felipe Moretti . Ferreira . Rodrigo Lopes . Wesener . Thomas . 2012-11-15 . The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda) . Zootaxa . 3550 . 1 . 26–42 . 10.11646/zootaxa.3550.1.2 . 1175-5334.
5. Wesener . Thomas . Wongthamwanich . Nattarin . Moritz . Leif . 2021-03-16 . Description of the first species of Glomeridesmida from Thailand (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida, Glomeridesmidae) . ZooKeys . en . 1024 . 137–156 . 10.3897/zookeys.1024.63678 . 1313-2970 . 7987703 . 33786005 . free.
6. Mauriès . Jean-Paul . 2019 . Les premiers Glomeridesmida découverts dans le département français de Guyane: nouvelles données sur leur ontogenèse et descriptions de nouveaux taxa: Glomeridesmoides n. g., et trois espèces nouvelles, dont une termitophile (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida) . Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire naturelle de Toulouse . French . 155 . 47–64.
7. Mauriès . Jean-Paul . 1980 . Diplopodes Chilognathes de la Guadeloupe et ses dépendances . Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle . French . 4e série 2(A) . 1059–1111 . Biodiversity Heritage Library.
8. Carl . J. . 1942 . Contribution à la connaissance des Limacomorpha -- Essai de morphologie comparée . Revue suisse de Zoologie . French . 49 . 133–167 . Biodiversity Heritage Library.
9. Enghoff . Henrik . Dohle . Wolfgang . Blower . J. Gordon . 1993 . Anamorphosis in Millipedes (Diplopoda) — The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 109 . 2 . 103–234 . 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00305.x.