Glock Explained

Glock
Origin:Austria
Type:
Is Ranged:yes
Service:1982–present
Used By:See Users
Wars:
Designer:Gaston Glock
Design Date:1979–1982
Manufacturer:Glock Ges.m.b.H.
Production Date:1982–present
Number:20,000,000 as of 2020[5]
Variants:See Variants
Cartridge:
Action:Short recoil, locked breech, tilting barrel (straight blowback for Glock 25, 28 and 44)
Rate:1,100–1,400 rounds/min (Glock 18)
Velocity:375m/s (Glock 17, 17C, 18, 18C)[6]
Range:500NaN0 (Glock 17, 17C, 18, 18C)[7] [8]
Feed:6-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 17-, 19-, 24-, 25-, 31-, 33-, or 40-round[9] detachable box magazine, or 50- or 100-round[10] detachable drum magazine

Glock (pronounced as /de/; stylized as GLOCK) is a brand of polymer-framed, short-recoil-operated, striker-fired, locked-breech semi-automatic pistols designed and produced by Austrian manufacturer Glock Ges.m.b.H.

The firearm entered Austrian military and police service by 1982 after becoming the top performer in reliability and safety tests.

Glock pistols have become the company's most profitable line of products, and have been supplied to national armed forces, security agencies, and police forces in at least 48 countries.[11] Glocks are also popular firearms among civilians for recreational and competition shooting, home- and self-defense, both in concealed or open carry.[12]

History

The company's founder and head engineer, Gaston Glock (1929–2023), had no experience with firearms design or manufacture at the time his first pistol, the Glock17, was being prototyped. Glock had extensive experience in advanced synthetic polymers, which was instrumental in the company's design of the first commercially successful line of pistols with a polymer frame.[13] Glock introduced ferritic nitrocarburizing into the firearms industry as an anticorrosion surface treatment for metal gun parts.[14]

Development

In 1980, the Austrian Armed Forces announced that it would seek tenders for a new, modern duty pistol to replace their World War II–era Walther P38 handguns. The Federal Ministry of Defence of Austria formulated a list of 17 criteria for the new generation service pistol, including requirements that it would be self loading; fire the NATO-standard 9×19mm Parabellum round; the magazines were not to require any means of assistance for loading; be secure against accidental discharge from shock, strike, and drop from a height of 2m (07feet) onto a steel plate. After firing 15,000 rounds of standard ammunition, the pistol was to be inspected for wear. The pistol was to then be used to fire an overpressure test cartridge generating 5000bar. The normal maximum operating pressure (Pmax) for the 9 mm NATO is 2520bar.[15]

Glock became aware of the Austrian Army's planned procurement, and in 1982, assembled a team of Europe's leading handgun experts from military, police, and civilian sport-shooting circles to define the most desirable characteristics in a combat pistol. Within three months, Glock had developed a working prototype that combined proven mechanisms and traits from previous pistol designs. In addition, the plan was to make extensive use of synthetic materials and modern manufacturing technologies, which led to the Glock17 becoming a cost-effective candidate.

Several samples of the Glock17 (so named because it was the 17th patent procured by the company)[16] were submitted for assessment trials in early 1982, and after passing all of the exhaustive endurance and abuse tests, the Glock emerged as the winner.[17] [18] [19] According to Friedrich Dechant, former head of the Austrian Armaments and Defence Technology Agency, the Glock P80 was clearly superior to other handguns in terms of performance, handling, charging capacity and price.[20]

The handgun was adopted into service with the Austrian military and law enforcement in 1982 as the Pistole 80 (P80), with an initial order for 25,000 guns. The Glock17 outperformed eight different pistols from five other established manufacturers (Heckler & Koch of Germany offered their P7M8, P7M13, and P9S, SIG Sauer of Switzerland bid with their P220 and P226 models, Beretta of Italy submitted their model 92SB-F, FN Herstal of Belgium proposed an updated variant of the Browning Hi-Power, and the Austrian Steyr Mannlicher entered the competition with the GB).

The results of the Austrian trials sparked a wave of interest in Western Europe and overseas, particularly in the United States, where a similar effort to select a service-wide replacement for the M1911 had been going on since the late 1970s (known as the Joint Service Small Arms Program). In late 1983, the United States Department of Defense inquired about the Glock pistol and received four samples of the Glock17 for unofficial evaluation. Glock was then invited to participate in the XM9 Personal Defense Pistol Trials, but declined because the DOD specifications would require extensive retooling of production equipment and providing 35 test samples in an unrealistic time frame.

In 1985, after joint Norwegian and Swedish trials from 1983 to 1985, the Glock17 was accepted into service as the P80 in Norway, and in 1988 as the Pistol 88 in Sweden, where it surpassed all prior NATO durability standards.[21] [22] As a result, the Glock17 became a standard NATO-classified sidearm and was granted a NATO Stock Number (1005-25-133-6775). By 1992, some 350,000pistols had been sold in more than 45countries, including 250,000 in the United States alone.

Starting in 2013, the British Armed Forces began replacing the Browning Hi-Power pistol with the Glock17Gen4, due to concerns about weight and the external safety of the Hi-Power.[23] The British preferred the Glock17Gen4 over the Beretta Px4 Storm, FN FNP, Heckler & Koch P30, SIG Sauer P226, Smith & Wesson M&P, and Steyr M9A1 of which 19 pistols each, all chambered in 9×19mmParabellum, were entered in the R9GSP trials.[24] [25]

The French Armed Forces (FAF) in 2020 began replacing their MAC Mle 1950 and, to a lesser extent, their PAMAS G1 pistols with Glock17Gen5 models specifically made for the FAF.[26] The French preferred the Glock17Gen5 over the HS2000 and CZ P-10 offerings that also made it to the final selection phase.[27]

Product evolution

Glock has updated its basic design several times throughout its production history.

First-generation models

The first-generation (Gen 1) Glock pistols are most notably recognized by their smoother "pebble finish" grip and finger groove-less frames. The Gen 1 frame pattern and design was used by Glock from 1982 through 1988 and pre-dates the checkered grip patterns used in the second generation of Glock pistols. The first Glock17s imported to the US were serialized with an alphanumeric (two-letter prefix followed by three numbers) stamped into the slide, barrel, and a small metal plate inserted into the bottom side of the polymer frame. The first documented Glock17s (by serial number) imported into the US were from the AF000series in January 1986, followed by AH000, AK000, and AL000.[28] These early Glock(Gen 1) pistols (serial number prefixAF through AM) were also manufactured with a barrel that had a smaller overall diameter and thinner bore walls, later known as "pencil barrels". These early Glock17 "pencil barrel" pistols are considered rare and highly desirable by Glock collectors. The barrels were later redesigned with thicker bore walls, and manufacturing continued to evolve and improve the design of Glock pistols.[29]

Many of the first-generation Glocks were shipped and sold in the iconic "Tupperware" style plastic boxes. The earliest Glock boxes had ammunition storage compartments that allowed for 17 rounds of 9mm to be stored with the pistol. This box design was later changed by Glock to meet BATF import requirements, and the ammunition storage compartments were removed.

Second-generation models

A mid-life upgrade to the Glock pistols involved the addition of checkering on the front strap and trigger guard and checkering and serrations to the back strap. These versions, introduced in 1988, were informally referred to as "second-generation" models. In 1991, an integrated recoil spring assembly replaced the original two-piece recoil spring and tube design. The magazine was slightly modified, changing the floorplate and fitting the follower spring with a resistance insert at its base.

Third-generation models

In 1998, the frame was further modified with an accessory rail (called the "Universal Glock rail") similar to a Picatinny rail to allow the mounting of laser sights, tactical lights, and other accessories. Thumb rests on both sides of the frame and finger grooves on the front strap were added. Glock pistols with these upgrades are informally referred to as (early) "third-generation" models. Later third-generation models additionally featured a modified extractor that serves as a loaded chamber indicator, and the locking block was enlarged, along with the addition of an extra cross pin to aid the distribution of bolt thrust forces exerted by the locking block. This cross pin is known as the locking block pin and is located above the trigger pin.

The polymer frames of third-generation models can be black, flat dark earth, or olive drab. Besides that, non-firing dummy pistols ("P"models) and non-firing dummy pistols with resetting triggers ("R"models) have a bright red frame, and Simunition-adapted practice pistols ("T"models) a bright blue frame for easy identification.[30]

In 2009, the Glock22RTF2 (Rough Textured Frame 2) (chambered in .40 S&W) was introduced. This pistol featured a new checkering texture around the grip and new scalloped (fish gill-shaped) serrations at the rear of the sides of the slide.[31] [32] Many of the existing models became available in the RTF2version, including the 17,[33] 31, 32, 23, 21, and 19. Some of those did not have the fish gills.

Fourth-generation models

At the 2010 SHOT Show, Glock presented the "fourth generation", now dubbed "Gen4" by Glock itself.[34] Updates centered on ergonomics and the recoil spring assembly. The initial two fourth-generation models announced were the full-sized Glock 17 and Glock 22, chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum and .40 S&W cartridges, respectively. The pistols were displayed with a modified rough-textured frame, grip checkering, and interchangeable backstraps of different sizes. "Gen4" is rollmarked on the slide next to the model number to identify the fourth-generation pistols.

The basic grip size of the fourth-generation Glock pistols is slightly smaller compared to the previous design. A punch is provided to remove the standard trigger housing pin and replace it with the longer cross pin needed to mount the medium or large backstrap that will increase the trigger distance by 2mm or 4mm. With the medium backstrap installed, the grip size is identical to the third-generation pistols. The magazine release catches are enlarged and reversible for left-handed use. To use the exchangeable magazine release feature, fourth-generation Glock magazines have a notch cut on both sides of the magazine body. Earlier versions of the magazines will not lock into the Gen4 pistols if the user has moved the magazine release button to be operated by a left-handed user. Gen4 magazines will work in older models.[35]

Mechanically, fourth-generation Glock pistols are fitted with a dual recoil spring assembly to help reduce perceived recoil and increase service life expectancy. Earlier subcompact Glock models such as the Glock 26 and Glock 30 have already used a dual recoil spring assembly that was carried over to the fourth-generation versions of those models. The slide and barrel shelf have been resized, and the front portion of the polymer frame has been widened and internally enlarged, to accommodate the dual recoil spring assembly. The trigger mechanism housing has also been modified to fit into the smaller-sized grip space.[36] [37] [38] [39] [40]

The introduction of fourth-generation Glock pistols continued in July 2010 when the Glock 19 and Glock 23, the reduced size "compact" versions of the Glock 17 and Glock 22, became available for retail.[41] In late 2010, Glock continued the introduction of fourth-generation models with the Glock 26 and Glock 27 "subcompact" variants.

In January 2013, more fourth-generation Glock pistols were introduced commercially during the annual SHOT Show, including the Glock 20 Generation 4 along with other fourth-generation Glock models.

2011 recoil spring assembly exchange program

In September 2011, Glock announced a recoil spring exchange program in which the manufacturer voluntarily offers to exchange the recoil spring assemblies of its fourth-generation pistols (with the exception of the "subcompact" Glock 26 and Glock 27 models) sold before 22 July 2011 at no cost "to ensure our products perform up to GLOCK's stringent standards", according to the company.[42]

M series

On 29 June 2016, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) awarded a contract to Glock to provide new 9×19mm Parabellum chambered duty pistols.[43] The solicitation specifications deviated from the specifications of Glock fourth-generation models.[44]

In August 2016, the Indianapolis Metro Police Department (IMPD) started training with a batch of Glock 17M pistols. The most obvious difference with the Glock third- and fourth-generation models on published images is the omission of finger grooves on the grip.[45] In October of that year, the IMPD issued a 17M voluntary recall following failures encountered while dry firing the pistols during training. According to Major Riddle with the IMPD, "Glock is working to correct the problem and we hope to begin issuing the new [17Ms] as soon as December."[46] [47]

Fifth-generation models

In August 2017, Glock presented the "fifth generation" or "Gen 5". The revisions centered on ergonomics and improving reliability. Many parts of fifth-generation Glock pistols cannot be interchanged with those of the previous generations. The two fifth-generation models announced were the Glock 17 and Glock 19, chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum. Some conspicuous changes on the fifth-generation models are ambidextrous slide stop levers, DLC surface finish for barrel and slide, a barrel featuring a revised style of polygonal rifling (called the "Glock Marksman Barrel" by Glock), a deeper recessed barrel crown, omission of the finger grooves on the grip, a flared magazine well, and a reintroduction of a half-moon-shaped cutout on the bottom front of the grip. The locking block pin located above the trigger pin that was introduced in the third generation is omitted. Many internal parts were less conspicuously revised.[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] "Gen 5" is rollmarked on the slide next to the model number to identify the fifth-generation pistols. The "Gen 5" slide can feature front serrations (FS) to provide an additional tactile traction surface choice. The magazines were also revised for the fifth-generation models: the redesigned magazine floor plates feature a frontward protruding lip to offer grip for manual assisted extraction and the magazine follower became orange colored for easier visual identification.

Design details

Operating mechanism

The Glock 17 is a short recoil–operated, locked-breech semi-automatic pistol that uses a modified Browning cam-lock system adapted from the Hi-Power pistol.[53] The firearm's locking mechanism uses a linkless, vertically tilting barrel with a rectangular breech that locks into the ejection port cut-out in the slide (the Sig Sauer System). During the recoil stroke, the barrel moves rearward initially locked together with the slide about 3mm until the bullet leaves the barrel and chamber pressure drops to a safe level. A ramped lug extension at the base of the barrel then interacts with a tapered locking block integrated into the frame, forcing the barrel down and unlocking it from the slide. This camming action terminates the barrel's movement while the slide continues back under recoil, extracting and ejecting the spent cartridge casing. The slide's uninterrupted rearward movement and counter-recoil cycle are characteristic of the Browning system.

Glock pistols incorporate a number of features intended to enhance reliability in adverse conditions, such as utilizing advanced metal coatings, "stub" slide guides instead of true frame rails, and an unusual cocking mechanism wherein the trigger is partially responsible for cocking the striker.[54] By relying partially on force from the shooter's trigger finger to cock the striker, a Glock effectively reduces the load on the recoil spring as the slide moves forward into battery, whereas almost all other striker-fired pistols on the market rely fully on the recoil spring to cock the striker.[55]

Features

The slide features a spring-loaded claw extractor, and the stamped sheet metal ejector is pinned to the trigger mechanism housing.[56] Pistols after 2002 have a reshaped extractor that serves as a loaded chamber indicator. When a cartridge is present in the chamber, a tactile metal edge protrudes slightly out immediately behind the ejection port on the right side of the slide.[57] The striker firing mechanism has a spring-loaded firing pin that is cocked in two stages that the firing pin spring powers. The factory-standard firing pin spring is rated at 24N, but by using a modified firing pin spring, it can be increased to 28abbr=onNaNabbr=on or to 31abbr=onNaNabbr=on.[58] When the pistol is charged, the firing pin is in the half-cock position. As the trigger is pulled, the firing pin is then fully cocked. At the end of its travel, the trigger bar is tilted downward by the connector, releasing the firing pin to fire the cartridge. The connector resets the trigger bar so that the firing pin will be captured in half-cock at the end of the firing cycle. This is known as a preset trigger mechanism, referred to as the "Safe action" trigger by the manufacturer. The connector ensures the pistol can only fire semiautomatically.

The factory-standard, two-stage trigger has a trigger travel of 12.5mm and is rated at 25N, but by using a modified connector, it can be increased to 35abbr=onNaNabbr=on or lowered to 20abbr=onNaNabbr=on. In response to a request made by American law enforcement agencies for a two-stage trigger with increased trigger pull, Glock introduced the NY1 (New York) trigger module, which features a flat spring in a plastic housing that replaces the trigger bar's standard coil spring. This trigger modification is available in two versions: NY1 and NY2 that are rated at 25abbr=onNaNabbr=on to 40abbr=onNaNabbr=on and 32abbr=onNaNabbr=on to 50abbr=onNaNabbr=on, respectively, which require about 20abbr=onNaNabbr=on to 30abbr=onNaNabbr=on of force to disengage the safeties and another 10abbr=onNaNabbr=on to 20abbr=onNaNabbr=on in the second stage to fire a shot.

The Glock's frame, magazine body, and several other components are made from a high-strength nylon-based polymer invented by Gaston Glock, called Polymer 2. This plastic was specially formulated to provide increased durability and is more resilient than carbon steel and most steel alloys. Polymer 2 is resistant to shock, caustic liquids, and temperature extremes where traditional steel/alloy frames would warp and become brittle. The injection-molded frame contains four hardened steel guide rails for the slide: two at the rear of the frame, and the remaining pair above and in front of the trigger guard. The trigger guard itself is squared off at the front and checkered. The grip has an angle of 109° and a nonslip, stippled surface on the sides and both the front and rear straps.[59] The frame houses the locking block, which is an investment casting that engages a 45° camming surface on the barrel's lower camming lug. It is retained in the frame by a steel axis pin that holds the trigger and slide catch. The trigger housing is held to the frame by means of a polymer pin. A spring-loaded sheet-metal pressing serves as the slide catch, which is secured from unintentional manipulation by a raised guard molded into the frame. Because of its polymer construction, there were initially fears that Glock pistols would be invisible to airport X-ray machines, making them easy to illegally import into the United States. In actuality, 84% of the gun's weight is from steel, and Polymer 2 is visible to X-ray machines. The myth's prevalence is believed to be connected to a scene that perpetuated the myth in Die Hard 2, which released a few years after the Glock was invented.[60] In 1988, the Undetectable Firearms Act was passed in the United States, banning the manufacture or import of any gun that could pass undetected through a metal detector.

The Glock pistol has a relatively low slide profile, which holds the barrel axis close to the shooter's hand and makes the pistol more comfortable to fire by reducing muzzle rise and allows for faster aim recovery in rapid firing sequences. The rectangular slide is milled from a single block of ordnance-grade steel using CNC machinery. The barrel and slide undergo two hardening processes prior to treatment with a proprietary nitriding process called Tenifer. The Tenifer treatment is applied in a 500°C nitrate bath. The Tenifer finish is between 0.04and in thickness, and is characterized by extreme resistance to wear and corrosion; it penetrates the metal, and treated parts have similar properties even below the surface to a certain depth.

The Tenifer process produces a matte gray-colored, nonglare surface with a 64 Rockwell C hardness rating and a 99% resistance to salt water corrosion (which meets or exceeds stainless steel specifications), making the Glock particularly suitable for individuals carrying the pistol concealed as the highly chloride-resistant finish allows the pistol to better endure the effects of perspiration. Glock steel parts using the Tenifer treatment are more corrosion resistant than analogous gun parts having other finishes or treatments, including Teflon, bluing, hard chrome plating, or phosphates. During 2010, Glock switched from the salt bath nitriding Tenifer process to a not exactly disclosed gas nitriding process. After applying the nitriding process, a black Parkerized decorative surface finish is applied. The underlying nitriding treatment will remain, protecting these parts even if the decorative surface finish were to wear off.

A fourth generation Glock 17 consists of 34 parts. For maintenance, the pistol disassembles into five main groups: the barrel, slide, frame, magazine, and recoil-spring assembly. The firearm is designed for the NATO-standard 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, but can use high-power (increased pressure) +P ammunition with either full-metal-jacket or jacketed hollow-point projectiles.

Barrel

The hammer-forged barrel has a female type polygonal rifling with a right-hand twist. The stabilization of the round is not by conventional rifling, using lands and grooves, but rather through a polygonal profile consisting of a series of six or eight interconnected noncircular segments (only the .45 ACP and .45 GAP have octagonal polygonal rifling). Each depressed segment within the interior of the barrel is the equivalent of a groove in a conventional barrel. Thus, the interior of the barrel consists of smooth arcs of steel rather than sharply defined slots. Instead of using a traditional broaching machine to cut the rifling into the bore, the hammer forging process involves beating a slowly rotating mandrel through the bore to obtain the hexagonal or octagonal shape. As a result, the barrel's thickness in the area of each groove is not compromised as with conventional square-cut barrels. This has the advantage of providing a better gas seal behind the projectile as the bore has a slightly smaller diameter, which translates into more efficient use of the combustion gases trapped behind the bullet, slightly greater (consistency in) muzzle velocities, and increased accuracy and ease of maintenance.[61]

The newer lines of Glock pistols—i.e. Gen5, G42/43—are equipped with the Glock Marksmanship Barrel, or GMB. While older barrels were somewhat difficult to identify a bullet as coming from a particular barrel with high enough reliability for evidentiary use, the newer GMB ones are designed differently. A study by Stephen Christen and Hans Rudolf Jordi, published by Forensic Science International in February 2019, shows that the new GMB barrels leave more identifiably unique markings on the fired projectile. These marks were more easily identified than previous pistol barrel markings, and were sufficient for reliably tying a bullet to a particular barrel. The study used a comparison microscope and an ABIS (Evofinder).[62]

Safety

Glock pistols lack a traditional on-off safety lever, which Glock markets as an advantage, especially to police departments, as the user is able to fire immediately without separately manipulating a safety.[63] Instead, the pistols are designed with three independent safety mechanisms to prevent accidental discharge. The system, designated "Safe Action" by Glock, consists of an external integrated trigger safety and two automatic internal safeties: a firing pin safety and a drop safety.[64] The external safety is a small inner lever contained in the trigger. Pressing the lever activates the trigger bar and sheet metal connector. The firing pin safety is a solid hardened steel pin that, in the secured state, blocks the firing pin channel (disabling the firing pin in its longitudinal axis). It is pushed upward to release the firing pin for firing only when the trigger is actuated and the safety is pushed up through the backward movement of the trigger bar. The drop safety guides the trigger bar in a ramp that is released only when direct rearward pressure is applied to the trigger. The three safety mechanisms are automatically disengaged one after the other when the trigger is squeezed, and are automatically reactivated when the trigger is released.[65]

In 2003, Glock announced the Internal Locking System (ILS) safety feature named Glock Safety Lock.[66] The ILS is a manually activated lock located in the back of the pistol's grip. It is cylindrical in design and, according to Glock, each key is unique. When activated, the lock causes a tab to protrude from the rear of the grip, giving both a visual and tactile indication as to whether the lock is engaged or not.[67] When activated, the ILS renders the Glock unfireable, as well as making it impossible to disassemble. When disengaged, the ILS adds no further safety mechanisms to the Glock pistol. The ILS is available as an option on most Glock pistols. Glock pistols cannot be retrofitted to accommodate the ILS. The lock must be factory-built in Austria and shipped as a special order.

Magazine

The Glock 17 feeds from staggered-column or double stack magazines that have a 17-round capacity (which can be extended to 19 with an optional floor plate) or optional 24 or 33-round high-capacity magazines.[68] For jurisdictions which restrict magazine capacity to 10 rounds, Glock offers single-stack, 10-round magazines. The magazines are made of steel and are overmolded with plastic. A steel spring drives a plastic follower. After the last cartridge has been fired, the slide remains open on the slide stop. The slide stop release lever is located on the left side of the frame directly beneath the slide and can be manipulated by the thumb of the right-handed shooter.

Glock magazines are interchangeable between models of the same caliber, meaning that a compact or subcompact pistol will accept magazines designed for the larger pistols chambered for the same round. However, magazines designed for compact and subcompact models will not function in larger pistols because they are not tall enough to reach the slide and magazine release. For example, the subcompact Glock 26 will accept magazines from both the full-size Glock 17 and the compact Glock 19, but the Glock 17 will not accept magazines from the smaller Glock 19 or the Glock 26. The magazines for the Glock 36, the Glock 42, the Glock 43, and the Glock 44 are all unique; they cannot use magazines intended for another model, nor can their magazines be used in other models.

Sights

The first Glock pistols sent to the United States in 1985 failed to meet the BATF import "points" requirement, requiring Glock to quickly develop an adjustable rear sight which allowed for the pistols to be imported and sold commercially in 1986. It is believed that Glock designed and created this adjustable rear sight over a weekend in order to meet the ATF's importation requirements, and so it was dubbed the "weekend" sight. These first-generation adjustable rear sights extended past the slide and were susceptible to breaking. Even on later models, the front sight can easily become misshapen from friction against the holster,[69] leading to replacements with metal sights, or tritium illuminated night sights.[70]

More commonly today, the Glock 17 has a fixed polymer combat-type sighting arrangement that consists of a ramped front sight and a notched rear sight with white contrast elements painted on for increased acquisition speed – a white dot on the front post and a rectangular border on the rear notch. Some newer rear sights can be adjusted for windage (on certain models due to the windage sights not coming as factory default), as it has a degree of lateral movement in the dovetail it is mounted in. Three other factory rear sight configurations are available in addition to the standard 6.5mm height sight: a lower impact 6.1mm sight, and two higher impact versions – 6.9abbr=onNaNabbr=on and 7.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on.

Accessories

The Glock pistol accessories available from the factory include several devices for tactical illumination, such as a series of front rail-mounted "Glock tactical lights" featuring a white tactical light and an optional visible laser sight. An alternate version of the tactical light using an invisible infrared light and laser sight is available, designed to be used with an infrared night vision device. Another lighting accessory is an adapter to mount a flashlight onto the bottom of a magazine.

Polymer holsters in various configurations and matching magazine pouches are available. In addition, Glock produces optional triggers, recoil springs, slide stops, magazine release levers, and maritime spring cups. Maritime spring cups are designed to allow the pistol to be fired immediately after being submerged in water. They feature additional openings that allow liquids to flow and escape around them, offering enhanced reliability when water has penetrated into the firing pin assembly channel.

Magazine floor plates (or +2 baseplates), which expand the capacity of the standard magazines by two rounds, are available for models chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum, .45 GAP, .40 S&W, .357 SIG, and .380 ACP cartridges. In addition to the standard nonadjustable polymer sight line, three alternative sight lines are offered by Glock. These consist of steel, adjustable, and self-illuminating tritium night rear sights and factory steel and self-illuminating tritium contrast pointer steel front sights.[71]

The Glock 17 along with many variants can accept pistol conversion kits, with one such example being the FAB-Defense KPOS Scout.[72] They can also accept special stocks like the Flux Defense Brace.[73]

Glock switch

See main article: Glock switch. A Glock switch is an aftermarket accessory which depresses the firearm's sear, allowing fully automatic fire. Without the proper license, they are illegal in the United States.[74]

Commemorative, anniversary, engraved, and other rare Glocks

Glock began producing limited edition and commemorative Glocks in 1991. Glock later produced a series of anniversary models to celebrate business milestones and in honor of 20, 25, and 30 years of US sales. Additionally, many law enforcement agencies had the department name, logo, or badges engraved on the slides of issued duty weapons.

Variants

Following the introduction of the Glock 17, numerous variants and versions have been offered. Variants that differ in caliber, frame, and slide length are identified by different model numbers with the exception of a few models with a letter suffix (the Glock 17L, 19X, 30S, and 43X).

The original double-stack "small frame" Glock pistols are made in five form factors, all modeled after the original full-sized Glock 17. "Standard" models are designed as full-sized duty firearms with a large magazine capacity. "Compact" models are slightly smaller with reduced magazine capacity and lighter weight while maintaining a usable grip length. "Subcompact" models are designed for easier carry and being lighter and shorter, are intended to be used with two fingers on the grip below the trigger guard and lack an accessory rail like the larger, after generation two, Glock models. The other two form factors use the full-size "standard" frame with longer slides that include a lower section to fill in the space between the frame's dust cover and the front of the slide. The first of these are the "long slide" models, which were too long for certain IPSC classes, necessitating the creation of the intermediate "competition" models. Currently, available chamberings for all five form-factors are 9mm Parabellum (9×21mm in certain countries) and .40 Smith & Wesson. Additionally, .357 SIG and .45 GAP chamberings are offered in "standard", "compact", and "subcompact" models, while .380 ACP is offered only in "compact" and "sub-compact" models. Recently, so-called "crossover" versions in 9mm Parabellum pair short (front to back) "compact" frames with longer "standard" grip lengths. This was initially to provide a longer-grip, higher capacity version of the Glock 19 (Glock 19X and Glock 45), but Glock developed the Glock 47 for US Customs and Border Patrol which used the G45 frame with a G17 length slide that included a front section to fill in the gap between the dust cover and the front of the slide, a design that fits the same overall dimensions as the Glock 17. Naturally, the next step was to couple this slide with the Glock 19 Frame, creating the Glock 49.

There are also the wider double-stack "large frame" Glock pistols for use with larger calibers, currently in 10mm Auto and .45 ACP. These models have bigger, wider slides and frames and are larger than the smaller-chambered pistols. These come in only "standard", "subcompact", "competition" (.45 ACP only), and "long slide" (10mm only). Additionally, Glock introduced the "subcompact" Glock 30S in .45 ACP adjusted to use the slimmer lighter slide of the Glock 36. Also, in 2007, Glock introduced a "short frame" version of these large frame weapons to provide a grip better suited to small hands. The short frame was originally designed to compete in the now cancelled U.S. military Joint Combat Pistol trials for a new .45 ACP pistol to replace the M9 pistol. Glock's entry featured an optional ambidextrous magazine release and MIL-STD-1913 rail along with a reduction in the size of the backstrap. The Glock 21SF was originally available in three versions: one with a Picatinny rail and ambidextrous magazine release and two with a Universal Glock rail available with or without the ambidextrous magazine release. However, the ambidextrous release and picatinny rail were soon dropped. As of January 2009, the Glock 20, 21, 29, and 30 were offered in short-framed variations. These models incorporate a 2.5mm reduction in trigger reach, and full-sized models feature a 4adj=onNaNadj=on reduction in heel depth, which corresponds to an overall reduction in length for those models.[75] [76] [77] The short frame models were not introduced for the Gen 4 and Gen 5 models, as the replaceable backstraps design makes a separate short frame version redundant.

Glock also produces single-stack "slimline" models, targeting the concealed carry market. The first was introduced with Gen 3 in .45 ACP as the Glock 36. More recently, after the introduction of Gen 5, came the Glock 42 in .380 ACP, followed by the Glock 43 in 9mm Parabellum. The most recent additions to the "slimline" series, the 43X and 48, were introduced together in 9mm Parabellum. These have longer grips that allow for a full three-finger hold and a 10-round capacity. The 43X is a long grip "crossover" 43, while the 48 has a longer slide to provide a "slimline" version of the "compact" Glock 19.

Glock Variants with normal frame width (slide size/grip size)
CaliberSubcompact (SC)/SCCompact (C)/CC/Standard (Std)Std/CStd/StdCompetition/StdLong Slide/Std
9×19mmG26G19, G46 G19X, G45G49G17, G18, G47, P80G34G17L
10mm AutoG29G20G40
.45 ACPG30, G30SG21G41
.40 S&WG27G23G22G35G24
.380 AutoG28G25
.357 SIGG33G32G31
.45 G.A.P.G39G38G37
22 LRG44
Glock Variants with slimline frame width (slide size/grip size)
CaliberSubcompact (SC)/SCSC/Compact (C)C/C
9×19mmG43 (slim)G43X (slim)G48 (slim)
.45 ACPG36 (slim)
.380 AutoG42 (slim)

9×19mm Parabellum

9×21mm

10mm Auto

.45 ACP

Glock pistols chambered for the .45 ACP (and the .45 GAP) feature octagonal polygonal rifling rather than the hexagonal-shaped bores used for models in most other chamberings.[109] Octagonal rifling provides a better gas seal in relatively large diameter rifled bores, since an octagon resembles a circle more closely than a hexagon.

.40 S&W

In 1990, Smith & Wesson and Winchester developed the .40 Smith & Wesson by shortening the 10mm case. This created a round that was more powerful than the 9mm Parabellum but with more manageable recoil. The round was also still operable in the smaller frame size used for Glock 9mm models. As is typical of many pistols chambered in .40 S&W, each of the standard Glock models (22, 23, and 27) may be easily converted to the corresponding .357 SIG chambering (Glock 31, 32, and 33, respectively) simply by replacing the barrel. No other parts need to be replaced, as the .40 S&W magazines will feed the .357 SIG rounds.

.380 ACP

The first two .380 ACP models (Glock 25 and 28) were released in 1995 to provide a less powerful alternative to the 9mm Parabellum and 9×21mm, and primarily intended for markets (such as Brazil) that prohibit civilian ownership of firearms chambered in more powerful calibers.[117] Made in Austria, they are legally prohibited from being imported for civilians in the United States, lacking sufficient points to meet the import restrictions.[118] Recently, a limited run of the Glock 28 were manufactured in Glock's US plant for sale in the US. The Glock 25 and 28 are also prohibited from ownership in Canada due to not meeting minimum barrel length requirements for handguns.

Due to the relatively low bolt thrust of the .380 ACP cartridge, the locked-breech design of the Glock 19 and Glock 26 was minimally modified for the Glock 25 and Glock 28 to implement unlocked breech operation. It operates via straight blowback of the slide. This required modification of the locking surfaces on the barrel, as well as a redesign of the former locking block. Unusual for a blowback design, the barrel is not fixed to the frame. It moves rearward in recoil until it is tilted below the slide, similar to the standard locked-breech system. The reduced size and mass of the Glock 42 allowed for the return to the Glock-standard locked-breech design.

.357 SIG

In 1994, SIG and Federal developed the .357 SIG to match the ballistics of typical .357 Magnum loads. This was done by necking down a shortened 10mm case to .357, so it was easy for Glock to alter their .40 Smith & Wesson models to the new caliber. As is typical of pistols chambered in .357 SIG, each of the standard Glock models (31, 32, and 33) may be easily converted to the corresponding .40 S&W chambering (Glock 22, 23, and 27, respectively) simply by replacing the barrel. No other parts need to be replaced, as the .357 SIG magazines will feed the .40 S&W round. Though marked as a different caliber, the .357 SIG magazines are the same as for the .40 S&W models and interchangeable.

.45 GAP

Glock pistols chambered for the .45 GAP (and the .45 ACP) feature octagonal polygonal rifling rather than the hexagonal-shaped bores used for models in most other chamberings. Octagonal rifling provides a better gas seal in relatively large diameter rifled bores, since an octagon will have shorter sides and shallower angles than a hexagon.

.22 LR

Production in other countries

Aside from the original Austrian company, Glock pistols are manufactured by the Glock Inc. subsidiary division located in the United States. Those batches are identical to the Austrian-made ones, but they are marked as "USA", instead of "AUSTRIA", on the slide. As of 2015, there were plans to assemble Glock 17 pistols at army workshops in Uruguay to fulfill the needs of the national military services and law enforcement organizations.[124]

Russian firms such as Skat,[125] [126] ORSIS,[127] and Izhmash[128] assemble three models of Glock pistols locally: the Glock 17, 34, and 35.

Clones

Third party frames and slides for Glock pistols began to appear in the early 2000s. This has led to "Glock" becoming a generic term encompassing pistols not made by Glock Ges.m.b.H. especially as expiring patents allowed for complete Glock clones to be made.[129] As of 2019, a large number of American companies produced Glock clones.[130]

There are three sidearms made by Iranian DIO's Shahid Kaveh Industry Complex which they call Ra'ad (has a safety selector, possibly an unlicensed copy of Glock 17), Glock 19 and Kaveh-17 (probably an improved Ra'ad, a variant of Glock 17S), which all of them are unlicensed clones of Glock pistols.[131] It is not known if they could make their way to Iranian military and replace the Browning Hi-Power, M1911 and SIG P226 pistols and they were possibly some prototypes and have never gone on mass production.[132]

Turkish company Akdal Arms produces a pistol named the Ghost TR01, which is heavily influenced by Glock pistols in its design.[133]

The Tatmadaw of Myanmar have adopted a clone of the Glock 17 known as the MA5 MK II, which was first reported in 2018.[134] They are currently being manufactured and adopted for Myanmar's special forces units.[135] The pistol has a rounded trigger guard and the Tatmadaw emblem on the grip, the latter having rectangular spacing instead of the smaller dot-like spacing.[136]

The 205th Arsenal in Taiwan produces a copy of the Glock 19, named the T97 pistol. The Taiwan-made Glocks were made to replace the Smith & Wesson Model 5906 used by the Taiwan police, but it ultimately did not enter service.

In 2017, it was reported that Norinco was able to make a clone of the Glock 17[137] known as the NP-7 (or NP7).[138] The pistol was subcontracted to Hunan Ordnance Industry Group through the Hunan Ordnance and Light Weapons Research Institute.[139] [140] Its features appear to be influenced by the fourth gen Glock 17. The NP7 is being marketed for export sales.[141]

Unlicensed Glock clones are made in Pakistan's Khyber region,[142] which were first reported in 2018.[143] [144]

Users

CountryOrganizationModel
Agrupacion de Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales[145] 17, 19X
Brigada Especial Operativa Halcón[146] 17, 18
Coast guard, GEOF, Buenos Aires province police17
National Police of Armenia[147] 17, 18
AustraliaRoyal Australian Air Force[148] 19, 26
Australian Federal Police,[149] Australian Border Force, New South Wales Police Force,[150] Queensland Police Service,[151] Western Australia Police Force,[152] Northern Territory Police Force,[153] Tasmania Police[154] 17, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27
AustriaAustrian Armed Forces (incl. Militärpolizei)[155] [156] 17 (Pistole 80), 18C, 26, 21
Bundespolizei,[157] EKO Cobra also G18 (Min. of Interior); Justizwache (Min. of Justice)[158] 17, 18, 19
AzerbaijanFor use with Special Military Services, 160 Glock pistols purchased in 2013.[159] 19
BangladeshOrdered by Bangladesh Army[160] 26
Used by SWAT of Bangladesh Police[161] 17
BrazilPolícia Federal - Federal Police[162] 17, 19, 26
Polícia Rodoviária Federal – Federal Highway Police[163] 17, 17 MOS, 26
Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo - Military Police of São Paulo State[164] 22
Polícia Civil do Estado de São Paulo - Civil Police of São Paulo State[165] 22
Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State[166] 23
Polícia Militar do Estado do Espírito Santo - Military Police of Espírito Santo State[167] 17, 22
Polícia Militar do Estado da Bahia - Military Police of Bahia State[168] 22
1º Batalhão de Forças Especiais[169] 17, 21
CanadaOntario Provincial Police (OPP); Quebec Provincial Police – Sûreté du Québec (SQ); Winnipeg Police Service Tactical Support Team[170] 17, 17M, 19, 26, 35
ChinaSpecial Police Units17, 19, 26
Czech Republic601st Special Forces Group
[171] nonstandard sidearm issued on international deployments[172]
17
Police of the Czech Republic, mainly special units[173] 17
DenmarkSirius Dog Sled Patrol, Greenland[174] 20
EcuadorNational Police, Various special police units such as the GOE and GIR17
EstoniaPolice and Border Guard Board[175] 19
Estonian Special Operations Force[176] 19
FinlandFinnish Defence Forces[177] 17 (as 9.00 PIST 2008)
Finnish Police, primary service firearm;[178] Border Guard (Ministry of Interior)17, 19, 26
Criminal Sanctions Agency, Dept. of Corrections (Vankeinhoitolaitos) (Ministry of Justice)—
FranceFrench Armed Forces[179] [180] [181] [182] 17, 17 MOS, 19, 26, 34
GeorgiaMainly used by GSOF and some MIA units. Became standard issue for Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs forces in October 2021.[183] 17, 21, 26
GermanyKampfschwimmer of the Bundeswehr, G17 issued under designation P9.[184] [185] 17
Federal and State Police, tactical units (GSG 9, SEKs); Customs (ZUZ) - G17, G19, G26.17, 19, 26
State Police in Saxony-Anhalt - about 8,600 G46 TR, standard-issue firearm.46
GreeceΕιδική Κατασταλτική Αντιτρομοκρατική Μονάδα (EKAM) unit of the Hellenic Police[186] 21
Hong KongHong Kong Police Force (incl. special units SDU, CTRU, ASU, SBDIV), ICAC, C&E Dept.17, 19
IcelandIceland Crisis Response Unit (Ministry of Foreign Affairs)—
Icelandic National Police,[187] [188] [189] Víkingasveitin units (Ministry of Interiour)—
IndiaStandard Issue side arm for special forces Para (SF) (Army), MARCOS (Navy), National Security Guard (Min. of Home Aff.).17, 26
IndonesiaIndonesian National Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force)[190] [191] [192] [193] [194] 17, 19, 26, 42
Indonesian National Police[195] 17
IraqIraqi security forces - military and law enforcement forces (purchased 125,163 pistols)[196] 19
IsraelIsraeli Defense Forces, Israel Police17, 19
JapanSecurity Police of Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department[197]
Special Assault Team		17, 19
JordanRoyal Guard—
Kosovo Police, Kosovo Security Force[198] [199] 17
LatviaLatvian Military, standard-issue pistols with Land Forces.[200] [201] [202] 17, 19, 21, 26
LithuaniaLithuanian Armed Forces[203] 17
Lithuanian Police[204] 17, 19, 26
LuxembourgLuxembourg Army[205] 17
Unité Spéciale de la Police of the Grand Ducal Police[206] [207] 17, 26
MalaysiaMalaysian Armed Forces[208] 17, 19, 34
Malaysia Coast Guard (MMEA);[209] Royal Malaysia Police (Ministry of Home Affairs)17, 18, 19, 26, 34
Royal Malaysian Customs (Ministry of Finance)[210] 17, 19, 26, 43
MexicoArmada de México (Navy)17
MonacoCompagnie des Carabiniers du Prince[211] [212] 17
MontenegroArmed Forces of Montenegro, standard military sidearm.[213] 17
MyanmarUsed by Myanmar Army[214] and the Myanmar Police Special Task Force. Manufactured locally as MA-1 MK-II.[215] MA5 MK II
NetherlandsMilitary of the Netherlands
[216] [217] Royal Marechaussee (Min. of Defence) BSB sections Persoonsbeveiliging (PB), Observatie Team (OT) and Sky Marshals also use Glock 26.[218]
17, 18, 26
Dutch Police, standard-issue firearm of the Dienst Speciale Interventies.[219] [220] [221] 17
New ZealandNew Zealand Defence Force[222] 17
New Zealand Police[223] (an "unarmed service", but are trained to use firearms)17
NorwayNorwegian Armed Forces17 (P-80, P-80NM1, P-80NM2)
PakistanIn use with Special Service Group units[224] 17, 19
PhilippinesArmed Forces of the Philippines,[225] Philippine Army, Philippine Marine Corps MARSOG,[226] Presidential Security Group (joint service unit)17, 21
National Intelligence Coordinating Agency, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (Office of President)—
National Bureau of Investigation (Dept. of Justice); Philippine National Police[227] [228] (DILG)17
PeruPeruvian Air Force, Peruvian Army, Peruvian Navy, Dirección Nacional Antidrogas.17
PolandPolish Armed Forces17
Border Guard
[229] Polish Police[230] (Ministry of Interior and Admin.)
17, 19, 26
PortugalPortuguese Army
[231] Portuguese Marine Corps;[232] Maritime Police;[233] Military Judiciary Police;[234] (Ministry of National Defence)
17
Guarda Nacional Republicana
Polícia de Segurança Pública;[235] Foreigners and Borders Service;[236] Municipal Police;[237] (Ministry of Internal Administration)
19, 19X
Judiciary Police
[238] Prison Guard;[239] (Ministry of Justice)
19, 26
RomaniaRomanian Armed Forces17, 17L, 19
Special Operations Forces[240] 17, 26
Federal Security Service (FSB);[241] Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), special forces[242] [243] 17, 19
SerbiaPolice of Serbia[244] [245] 17, 19, 21, 35
SingaporeSingapore Police Force
[246] Prison Service (Ministry of Home Affairs)[247]
19
Slovakia5th Special Operations Regiment (Slovakia)[248] 17
Slovak Police Force[249]
SpainUnidad Especial de Intervención (UEI) group of Spanish Civil Guard,[250] Special Naval Warfare Force,[251] Army's Special Operations Command[252] 17, 19, 43
SwedenSwedish Armed Forces[253] [254] 17 (Pistol 88, 88C, 88C2), 19 (Pistol 88B, 88D)
Swedish Police Authority[255] 45
SwitzerlandSwiss Armed Forces: Military Police, Swiss Grenadiers, ARD 10, FSK-17[256] 17, 26
Police (Gendarmerie) Cantonal of Geneva[257] 19
Various criminal investigation bureaus outside major cities[258] 19
ThailandRoyal Thai Police at least 2,238 G19, G17 used by Arintharat 26, Naresuan 261 units. G17 and G19 used by Royal Thai Army[259] 17, 19
National Police of East Timor[260] 19
TunisiaUnité Spéciale – Garde Nationale[261] 17, 34
Used by Special Forces Command.[262] 17, 19
UkraineUkrainian Armed Forces[263] 17
United KingdomBritish Armed Forces[264] 17 (L131A1),[265] [266] 17T (L132A1), 19 (L137A1)
Specialist Firearms Command of the Metropolitan Police[267] 17, 17M, 19, 19M, 26[268]
Police Scotland[269] 17
Police Service of Northern Ireland[270] 17, 19[271]
United StatesUSSOCOM
United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command;[272] United States Navy SEALs[273]
19, 19M, 26
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
[274] [275] United States Coast Guard[276] (Dept. of Homeland Security)
19, 26, 47; 19
Federal Bureau of Investigation
[277] Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives;[278] Drug Enforcement Administration[279] (Dept. of Justice)
17M, 19, 19M, 22, 23, 27
Alaska State Troopers[280] 22
Baltimore City Police Department[281] 17, 22
Colorado State University Police Department[282] 17, 19
Kansas Highway Patrol[283] 17
Kentucky State Police SRT[284] Trigg County Sheriff's Office27, 35
New York City Police Department
[285] New York State Police;[286] New York State University Police[287]
17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27
New Jersey State Police
[288] Port Authority Police Department[289]
19
South Carolina Highway Patrol[290] 17M
Dallas Police Department[291] 17, 19, 45
Douglas County Sheriff's Department, Douglas County Oregon[292] 18
Houston Police Department17
UruguayUruguayan National Army[293] 17
Swiss Guard[294] 19
Gendarmerie of Vatican City17
Venezuelan Armed Forces17
Mobile Police19[295]
YemenMilitary of Yemen[296] 19

Criminal use

A 2014 report by the Chicago Police Department revealed that Glock pistols are the third most traced handgun, coming after Smith & Wesson and Sturm, Ruger & Co.[297]

Glock pistols have been used in mass shootings in the United States including the 1991 Luby's shooting, the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting, the 2011 Tucson shooting, the 2012 Aurora shooting, the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the 2015 Charleston church shooting, the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, and the 2022 New York City Subway attack. Experts on gun control, mass shootings, and defense training have cited factors such as reliability, ease of use, and commonness. The criminal use of handguns including Glocks has led to calls for increased gun control in the United States.[298] [299] [300] This common usage, however, has been described by Paul M. Barrett to be a result of Glock's overall popularity and market presence in the US and that "this level of violence isn't necessarily tied to a particular[,] to a brand". In the late 80s, gun control advocates had similarly focused on Glock pistols because of their magazine capacity (compared to six shot revolvers), but also their "futuristic, distinct appearance". They were singled out for restriction by some jurisdictions and were branded the "hijacker's special" based on the false assumption that they could bypass airport metal detectors because of their polymer frame. This was refuted in Congressional hearings by the ATF, FAA, and other organizations responsible for airline security, which proved embarrassing for the bans' advocates and provided significant publicity for Glock.[301] In April 2022, Ilene Steur, a survivor of the 2022 NYC subway attack, sued Glock and its Austrian parent company for compensation for her physical injuries and emotional pain.[302] Glock pistols have also been used in mass shootings elsewhere in the world, including the 2002 Erfurt massacre, the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre, the 2011 Norway attacks, the 2016 Munich shooting, the 2023 Prague shooting, and the killings committed by Viktor Kalivoda in 2005.

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Şafak . Yeni . PKK'ya ait silahlar ele geçirildi . 24 June 2023 . Yeni Şafak . tr-TR.
  2. Web site: Ukraine Situation Report: A Peek Into Prigozhin's Bizarre Pad. July 5, 2023. Howard Altman. https://web.archive.org/web/20230708031739/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-a-peak-into-prigozhins-bizarre-pad. July 8, 2023. According to Fontanka, two Saiga carbines, an Austrian Stey carbine, an Arka semi-automatic rifle, and several other rifles and pistols were among the items returned to Prighozin. The most revered of all those weapons, however, was a Glock pistol Prigozhin was awarded by Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, according to Fontanka..
  3. Web site: Ukrainian Kraken Regiment show their small arms and revolver grenade launchers. March 5, 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. https://web.archive.org/web/20230308015911/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ukrainian-kraken-regiment-show-small-105355761.html. March 8, 2023. Kraken's arsenal includes Austrian Glock pistols, Swiss B&T submachine guns, American M4A1 assault rifles, DD MK18, Belgian Scar rifles, and lightweight multi-shot RBG6 hand grenade launchers made in Croatia..
  4. war_noir.
  5. Web site: New GLOCK Watch Chrono: it's time to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the GLOCK pistol . Piergiorgio . Molinari . 14 September 2021 . All4shooters . en.
  6. Book: Dockery, Kevin . Kevin Dockery (author) . Future Weapons . 188 . New York . Penguin . 2007 . 978-0-425-21750-4 . 1 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160122133731/https://books.google.com/books?id=8RxJxY7wQn0C&pg=PA188 . 22 January 2016 . dead.
  7. Web site: Glock 18 . 2004 . Tuffsteel Manufacturing . 27 November 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101127154842/http://www.tuffsteel.com/Glock_Pages/glock18.htm . 27 November 2010.
  8. Web site: Glock 17 . EnemyForces.net . 26 December 2010 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20101216195743/http://enemyforces.net/firearms/glock17.htm . 16 December 2010.
  9. Web site: ETS 40 round (9mm) mag, fits Glock 17, 18, 19, 26, 34 . Elite Tactical Systems Group.
  10. Web site: BETA MAG Magazine 9MM Glock Clear . The Beta Company.
  11. Book: Sweeney, Patrick . The Gun Digest Book of the Glock . Krause Publications . 2008 . 978-0-89689-642-0 . 2nd . Iola, WI.
  12. Book: Barrett, Paul . Glock : The Rise of America's Gun . 2012 . 978-0-307-71995-9 . 1st paperback . New York . 793579035.
  13. News: Pistol-Packing By the Millions . Horan . Daniel . 17 January 2012 . . 3 August 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170709195217/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204257504577149913689465528 . 9 July 2017.
  14. Web site: Metal Treatments: Ferritic Nitrocarburizing/Melonite/Tenifer . 7 August 2010 . Firearms History, Technology & Development . 25 December 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092110/http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/08/metal-treatments-ferritic.html . 6 October 2014.
  15. Web site: Defence Standard 05–101 Part 1: Proof of Ordnance, Munitions, Armour and Explosives . 20 May 2005 . 13 . Ministry of Defence . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080406092513/http://www.dstan.mod.uk/data/05/101/01000100.pdf . 6 April 2008.
  16. Book: Josef . Mötz . Joschi . Schuy . amp . Die Weiterentwicklung der Selbstladepistole I . The further development of the self-loading pistol I . de . 531 . . Mötz & Schuy . 2013 . 978-3-9502342-2-0.
  17. Book: Sweeney, Patrick . The Gun Digest Book of the Glock . Iola, Wisconsin . Krause Publications . 2003 . 978-0-873495585 .
  18. Plastic Perfection: SOF Expert Gives Glock-17 Great Grades . Kokalis . Peter G. . October 1984 . . 5 February 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150206011419/http://www.remtek.com/arms/glock/model/9/17/index.htm . 6 February 2015.
  19. Book: Kinard, Jeff . Pistol . Santa Barbara, CA . ABC-CLIO . 2003 . 978-1-85109-475-2.
  20. Web site: 2023-01-13 . La società austriaca produttrice delle pistole Glock compie 40 anni . 2023-03-17 . TPI . it-IT.
  21. Web site: Vapen: Pistol 88 . . sv.
  22. Web site: Swedish Military Pistols and Revolvers 1863-1988 . O. . Janson . 5 August 2012 . Göta Association for Weapon History.
  23. Web site: British armed forces get first new pistol since World War II . 11 January 2013 . . 19 January 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117080615/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/11/browning_9mm_finally_replaced/ . 17 January 2013.
  24. Web site: Letter FOI 2018/15464 . Ministry of Defence . 10 November 2018.
  25. Web site: Letter FOI 2018/15730 . Ministry of Defence . 12 December 2018.
  26. Web site: France awards pistol and sniper rifle contracts . Kotlarski . Amael . 7 January 2019 . IHS Jane's.
  27. Web site: PSA : GLOCK 17 Gen 5, un bon choix pour remplacer MAC 50 et PAMAS? . PSA: GLOCK 17 Gen 5, a good choice to replace MAC 50 and PAMAS? . fr-FR . 9 January 2020 . TRE - Tactical Response To Efficience . 10 January 2020 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200114050629/http://tre-blog.fr/actualites/psa-glock-17-gen-5-choix-remplacer-mac-50-pamas/ . 14 January 2020.
  28. Book: The Complete Glock Reference Guide . . Ptooma Productions . 2006 . 3rd . 240.
  29. Book: Sadowski, Robert . Book of Glock, A Comprehensive Guide to Americas Most Popular Handgun . Skyhorse Publishing . 2018 . 164.
  30. Web site: Assorted Glocks (Page 1 of 3) . Lunde . Ken . 26 January 2010 . Lunde Studio . 25 August 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141014115656/http://lundestudio.com/glocks.html . 14 October 2014.
  31. Web site: Ken Lunde's 2009 SHOT Show Photos & Report . Lunde . Ken . 30 November 2009 . Lunde Studio . 25 August 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130223044536/http://lundestudio.com/2009SHOTShow/ . 23 February 2013.
  32. Glock G22 RTF2 Duty Pistol . Jacobellis . Nick . 18 September 2009 . Police . 25 August 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141110074714/http://www.policemag.com/channel/weapons/articles/2009/09/glock-g22-rtf2-duty-pistol.aspx . 10 November 2014.
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  252. Web site: Glock G43, la nueva pistola del Ejército de Tierra español . Glock G43, the new pistol of the Spanish Army . Octavio . Díez Cámara . 5 November 2020 . Noticias Defensa España . es.
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  256. Web site: Swiss Army Selects GLOCK As New Service Pistol . 3 May 2011 . Team Glock . 8 September 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111006172914/http://www.teamglock.com/news/release/swiss-army-selects-glock-as-new-service-pistol . 6 October 2011.
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  259. Web site: อาวุธประจำกาย และอาวุธธประจำกายทหารราบ . Personal weapons of the Infantry . Thai Army . th . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190324045542/https://sites.google.com/site/faminacgm/yuththopkrn-thi-praca-kar-nipa/xawuth-pra-cak/xawuth-praca-kay-hlak . 24 March 2019.
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  261. Web site: International Glocks: Fighting Terror in Tunisia . 18 March 2016 . Tactical Life.
  262. Web site: Bordo Bereliler: The difficult we do immediately, the impossible takes a little longer . 6 October 2012 . Special Ops . en-US . 10 June 2021.
  263. Web site: Canadian military support to Ukraine . 6 May 2022 .
  264. Web site: Glock 17 9mm pistols replace Browning for UK forces . 11 January 2013 . . 11 January 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20130111084435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20978842 . 11 January 2013.
  265. Web site: Royal Air Force Aircraft and Weapons: Glock - L131A1 . 84 . Royal Air Force . 1 September 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170710150246/https://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/E28BE76F_5056_A318_A833EB4C9A735AD8.pdf . 10 July 2017.
  266. Web site: Tactical Hearing Protection System (THPS) User Information . . 14 October 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233713/http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Tactical_hearing.pdf . 14 October 2017.
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  271. News: Cops get pistol power! . 23 March 2003 . . 7 August 2024.
  272. Web site: Marines Allow Operators to Choose Glocks over MARSOC .45s . 19 February 2015 . Military.com . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150222201224/http://kitup.military.com/2015/02/marines-operators-choose-glocks.html . 22 February 2015.
  273. Web site: U.S. Navy SEALS Switch to Glock 19! . 6 January 2016 . Bluesheepdog . 13 April 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160403062604/http://www.bluesheepdog.com/2016/01/06/glocks-n-seals/ . 3 April 2016.
  274. CBP Awards Contract for Duty Handguns . 9 April 2019 . U.S. Customs and Border Protection . Washington, DC . 1 June 2019 . .
  275. Web site: Shhh... Glock just released a new Glock without really saying anything (G47) . D'Costa . Ian . 12 April 2019 . MilitaryTimes.com . Sightline Media Group . 1 June 2019 . Officially designated the Glock 47 (or G47), the gun is a functional blend of a few of Glock's other products which the company hopes will give CBP agents a distinct advantage when in the field[.].
  276. Web site: Coast Guard fields new Glock pistols . 2020-09-30 . UPI . en.
  277. The Glock 22: America's best-selling police pistol . Ayoob . Massad . Massad Ayoob . 1 July 2008 . Guns Magazine . 14–17.
  278. ATF Gives Agents Choice of .40-Caliber Glocks . 8 September 2010 . Police . 24 January 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112629/http://www.policemag.com/channel/weapons/news/2010/09/08/atf-gives-agents-choice-of-40-caliber-glocks.aspx . 28 January 2015.
  279. 9mm Dead? . Ayoob . Massad . December 2004 . . 24 July 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090701140712/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BTT/is_172_28/ai_n6204145/ . 1 July 2009.
  280. Alaska Troopers Get Gen4 Glock Pistols . May 9, 2013 . Police . 17 February 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180217083504/http://www.policemag.com/channel/weapons/news/2013/05/09/alaska-troopers-get-gen4-glock-pistols.aspx . 17 February 2018.
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  282. Web site: Colorado State University Police Department Policy Manual, Policy 305 . police.colostate.edu.
  283. Web site: 2018 Annual Report . Kansas Highway Patrol . 24 July 2019 . 24 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190724194919/https://kansashighwaypatrol.org/DocumentCenter/View/946/2018-annual-report-PDF- . dead .
  284. Web site: Kentucky State Police SRT GLOCKs . 3 July 2014 . Personal Defense World . 12 February 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150212084753/http://www.personaldefenseworld.com/2014/07/kentucky-state-police-srt-glocks/#kentucky-police-glocks-1 . 12 February 2015.
  285. Web site: NYPD Set to Retire Last of its Revolvers . 30 November 2017 . The Firearm Blog . 6 January 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719024523/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/11/30/nypd-set-retire-last-revolvers/ . 19 July 2018 . The internal memo states that by 31 August 2018 all of the department's officers must be equipped with one of three duty pistols: the Glock 17 (gen 4), Glock 19 (gen 4) or the SIG Sauer P226 – all with the infamous 12lb triggers. The transition is slated to begin in January next year with three day transitional courses on semi-automatics scheduled for officers more familiar with revolvers..
  286. Web site: Annual Report 2018 . 6 . New York State Police . In 2018, the Academy Firearms Training Unit was responsible for the seamless transition to a new weapons system for the Division of State Police. Sworn members were trained on a new Glock 45 caliber duty sidearm, ammunition, holster and TLR weapons light system..
  287. Web site: General Order 1 Law Enforcement Role and Authority . New York State University Police at Albany . 26 March 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190326024726/http://police.albany.edu/PolicyManualMarch2018.pdf . 26 March 2019 . The Department Issued Duty Weapon is a Glock .40 S & W. Uniformed patrol staff are issued model 22 pistols, Plain Clothes staff are issued model 23 or 27 pistols depending on personal preference, and subject to qualification and Lead Firearms Instructor approval. Modification to the model or weapon issued to an individual member outside of this criteria is subject to the approval of the Chief of Police, or their designee, and the Lead Firearms Instructor..
  288. Web site: State Police sue gun maker over faulty pistols . Alexander . Dan . 19 May 2017 . New Jersey 101.5 . 6 January 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107072507/http://nj1015.com/state-police-sue-gun-maker-over-faulty-pistols/ . 7 January 2019 . NJSP instead selected the Generation 4 Glock 19 as its new weapon, and also had to order new holsters..
  289. Web site: Reliable Nine: Examining the Popularity of the Glock 19 . 24 February 2017 . Personal Defense World . 7 January 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107124519/https://www.personaldefenseworld.com/2017/02/glock-19/ . 7 January 2019 . The Port Authority Police chose the Glock 19 as standard issue, and the Housing Authority and Transit Authority police were issued Glock 19s when they were absorbed into the NYPD several years ago..
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  293. Web site: Uruguay to produce Glock pistols . Patricia . Samfelt . 28 April 2013 . IHS Jane's Defence Weekly . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109145822/http://www.janes.com/article/12201/uruguay-to-produce-glock-pistols . 9 November 2013.
  294. Web site: The Pope Has A Small But Deadly Army Of Elite Warriors Protecting Him . Rogoway . Tyler . 28 September 2015 . . 26 February 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190226173259/https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-pope-has-a-small-but-deadly-army-of-elite-warriors-1733268646 . 26 February 2019.
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  296. Book: McNab, Chris . Glock: The World's Handgun . Amber Books Ltd . 2015 . 978-1-782743026 . The Glock in Military Use.
  297. Web site: Smith . Lee . 2016-01-07 . Graphic: The Most Popular Crime Guns in Chicago, Ranked . 2023-12-28 . The Trace . en-us.
  298. News: Glock semiautomatic pistol links recent mass shootings . Horwitz . Sari . 20 July 2012 . . 17 February 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021454/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/glock-semiautomatic-pistol-links-recent-mass-shootings/2012/07/20/gJQAINYwyW_story.html . 18 February 2019.
  299. Web site: Glock pistols are the overlooked weapon in American mass shootings . Alvatado . Francisco . 21 June 2016 . . 17 February 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021451/https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/gy9nj4/glock-pistol-omar-mateen-orlando-mass-shooting . 18 February 2019.
  300. News: A year after the Parkland shooting, a new push to close the 'Charleston loophole' . Byrd . Caitlin . 14 February 2019 . The Post and Courier . 17 February 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021317/https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/a-year-after-the-parkland-shooting-a-new-push-to/article_0bf6b132-305e-11e9-a495-6b03f67fbcdb.html . 18 February 2019.
  301. Web site: Happiness Is A Warm Glock: Paul Barrett on America's Gun . Randol . Shaun . September 21, 2012 . Los Angeles Review of Books . 5 June 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200804205754/https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/happiness-is-a-warm-glock-paul-barrett-on-americas-gun/ . 4 August 2020.
  302. Web site: New York subway shooting survivor sues gun manufacturer Glock . 2022-06-01 . en . Reuters. 2022-06-02 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220607212649/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-subway-shooting-survivor-sues-gun-manufacturer-glock-2022-06-01/ . 7 June 2022.

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