The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) leads the programme Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), which helps identify ways to mitigate threats faced by these systems and their people and enhance the benefits derived from these dynamic systems.[1]
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems recognize remarkable land use systems and landscapes full of life and biodiversity, resilient ecosystems, and valuable cultural heritages managed by farmers, herders, fisherfolk, and forest people. Communities that have preserved and developed complex, diverse, and locally adapted agricultural systems that nowadays provide sustainably many goods and services, food, and livelihood security for millions of people around the world.[2]
As of November 2023, the GIAHS Programme has awarded the designation to 86 sites in 26 countries, with 10 additional proposals in queue.
| Country | System | Image | Year Designated | Possibly related articles; other notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andorra | The subalpine pastures of Andorra | 2023 | |||
| [3] | 2011 | El Oued, Grand Erg Oriental, oasis, agriculture in Algeria, ghout is a plural form of a noun meaning "cavity, hollow, depression"[4] (Arabic: الغوط) | |||
| Austria | Traditional Hay milk Farming in the Austrian Alpine Arc | 2023 | |||
| Floating fields of Bangladesh | 2015 | Gopalganj, Barisal, Pirojpuro, agriculture in Bangladesh, Local/regional names: baira, geto, dhap[5] | |||
| Traditional agricultural system in the southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais | 2020 | Espinhaço Mountains,, agriculture in Brazil | |||
| Chiloé agriculture | 2011 | History of Chiloé, History of agriculture in Chile, agriculture in Chile | |||
| China | Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Eco-Planting System in Hebei Province | 2023 | |||
| China | Tongling White Ginger Plantation System in Anhui Province | 2023 | |||
| China | Xianju Ancient Chinese Waxberry Composite System in Zhejiang Province | 2023 | |||
| Rice terraces in southern mountainous and hilly areas of China | 2018 | History of rice cultivation, agriculture in China | |||
| Rice–fish culture in China | 2005 | History of rice cultivation, agriculture in China | |||
| Wannian traditional rice culture | 2010 | Wannian County, History of rice cultivation, agriculture in China | |||
| Honghe Hani rice terraces | 2010 | Yuanyang County, Yunnan, history of rice cultivation, agriculture in China | |||
| Dong's rice–fish–duck system | 2011 | Dong people, Congjiang County, agriculture in China | |||
| Pu'er traditional tea agrosystem | 2012 | Pu'er, Yunnan, Camellia sinensis, history of tea, History of tea in China, Chinese tea, Chinese tea culture | |||
| Aohan dryland farming system | 2012 | Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, Agriculture in China, Agriculture in Mongolia, Agriculture in Central Asia | |||
| Kuaijishan ancient Chinese Torreya system | 2013 | Torreya grandis, Kuaiji Mountains, Shaoxing, Zhejiang | |||
| Xuanhua urban vineyard system | 2013 | , Chunguang Township Chinese: link=no|春光乡, Guanhou village, Penyao village and Dabei village | |||
| Jiaxian jujube orchards | 2014 | Jujube, Jinshaan Canyon, Yellow River, Jia County, Shaanxi, "Chinese date" | |||
| Xinghua Duotian agrosystem | 2014 | ||||
| Jasmine and tea culture system, Fuzhou City | 2014 | Fuzhou, Camellia sinensis, history of tea, History of tea in China, Chinese tea, Chinese tea culture | |||
| Huzhou mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system | 2017 | Morus | |||
| Diebu Zhagana agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry composite system | 2017 | ||||
| Xiajin Yellow River Old Course ancient mulberry grove system | 2018 | Morus, Yellow River | |||
| Shexian dryland stone-terraced system | 2022 | She County, Anhui, List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Anhui | |||
| Anxi Tieguanyin tea culture system | 2022 | ||||
| Ar Horqin grassland nomadic system, Inner Mongolia | 2022 | Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, nomad | |||
| Qingyuan forest-mushroom co-culture system, Zhejiang Province | 2022 | Qingyuan County, Zhejiang, mushroom cultivation, agroforestry | |||
| Amazonian chakra, a traditional agroforestry system managed by Indigenous communities in Napo Province | 2023 | Spanish; Castilian: [[Chacra]], Napo Province, | |||
| Andean chakra ancestral agricultural system of Kichwas Cotacachi communities | 2023 | Spanish; Castilian: [[Chacra]], Amazonian Kichwas, Kichwa language, Cotacachi Canton, Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve,, Andean agriculture | |||
| Dates production system, Siwa Oasis | 2016 | Siwa, oasis, date palm, agriculture in Egypt | |||
| Saffron heritage of Kashmir | 2011 | Pampore Karewas, Pulwama district, Saffron, Crocus sativus,, agriculture in India | |||
| Koraput traditional agriculture | 2012 | , Odisha, Eastern Ghats, agriculture in India | |||
| Kuttanad below-sea-level farming system | 2013 | , Kerala, agriculture in India | |||
| Olive orchards between Assisi and Spoleto | 2018 | Olea europaea, Assisi, Spoleto, agriculture in Italy | |||
| 2018 | Soave (wine) of Soave, Veneto, Vitis, agriculture in Italy | ||||
| Iran | Traditional Walnut Agricultural System in Tuyserkan, Hamedan Province | 2023 | |||
| Qanat-irrigated agricultural heritage systems, Kashan | 2014 | Kashan, Isfahan Province, qanat, agriculture in Iran | |||
| Qanat-based saffron farming system in Gonabad | 2018 | Qanats of Ghasabeh, Qanat, Saffron, Crocus sativus, Gonabad | |||
| Grape production system in Jowzan Valley | 2018 | Fruit production in Iran, agriculture in Iran, Jowzan, Jowzan Rural District, Malayer County | |||
| Estahban Rainfed Fig Orchards Heritage System, Fars Province | 2023 | Estahban, Fars Province, agriculture in Iran | |||
| Noto's satoyama and satoumi | 2011 | Noto Peninsula, satoyama, satoumi, agriculture in Japan | |||
| Sado's satoyama in harmony with Japanese crested ibis | 2011 | Sado Island, satoyama, Nipponia nippon, agriculture in Japan | |||
| 2013 | Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu, agriculture in Japan, Chagusaba | ||||
| Managing Aso grasslands for sustainable agriculture | 2013 | Mount Aso,, history of Kumamoto Prefecture, agriculture in Japan | |||
| Kunisaki Peninsula Usa integrated forestry, agriculture and fisheries system[6] [7] | 2013 | Quercus acutissima,, Usa, Ōita Kunisaki Peninsula, agriculture in Japan | |||
| Ayu of the Nagara River system | 2015 | Ayu sweetfish, Nagara River, Agriculture in Japan | |||
| 2015 | Umeboshi, Prunus mume,, Minabe, (local river), Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, Kii peninsula, Agriculture in Japan | ||||
| Takachihogo-Shiibayama mountainous agriculture and forestry system | 2015 | Agriculture in Japan | |||
| Osaki Kôdo's traditional water management system for sustainable paddy agriculture | 2017 | Agriculture in Japan, rice production in Japan, paddy field | |||
| Nishi-Awa steep slope agriculture system | 2018 | Agriculture in Japan | |||
| Traditional wasabi cultivation, Shizuoka | 2018 | Eutrema japonicum, agriculture in Japan | |||
| Biwa lake-to-land integrated system | 2022 | Agriculture in Japan | |||
| Fruit cultivation system in Kyoutou Region, Yamanashi | 2022 | Agriculture in Japan | |||
| Oldonyonokie/Olkeri Maasai pastoralist heritage | 2011 | Agriculture in Kenya, Maasai, pastoralism | |||
| Chinampa system | 2018 | Agriculture in Mexico | |||
| 2022 | Milpa, Yucatán Peninsula, agriculture in Mesoamerica, agriculture in Mexico, ancient Maya cuisine | ||||
| Ksour and social irrigation management of Figuig | 2022 | Figuig, oasis, date palm, agriculture in Morocco | |||
| Argan-based agro-silvopasture, and Mansour | 2018 | , Agriculture in Morocco | |||
| Oases system, Atlas Mountains | 2011 | Oasis, Atlas Mountains, agriculture in Morocco | |||
| Ifugao rice terraces | 2011 | Emergence of agriculture in the Philippines, rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, agriculture in the Philippines | |||
| Andean agriculture | 2011 | Agricultural history of Peru, Incan agriculture | |||
| Barroso agrosilvopastoral system | 2018 | Barroso (region), Barrosã cattle, Presunto de Barroso, silvopasture | |||
| Republic of Korea | Jeju Haenyeo Fisheries System | 2023 | |||
| Republic of Korea | Sonteul (hand net) Fishery System for gathering Marsh Clam in Seomjingang River | 2023 | |||
| Republic of Korea | [8] | 2020 | Damyang County, South Jeolla, Bambusoideae | ||
| Republic of Korea | Geumsan traditional ginseng agricultural system | 2018 | Panax ginseng, Agriculture in South Korea, Geumsan County | ||
| Republic of Korea | 2014 | Jeju Province, Jeju Island, Agriculture in South Korea | |||
| Republic of Korea | Traditional Gudeuljang irrigated rice terraces, Cheongsando | 2014 | Rice production in South Korea, agriculture in South Korea | ||
| Republic of Korea | Traditional Hadong tea agrosystem, Hwagae-myeon | 2017 | Agriculture in South Korea | ||
| Ancient olive trees, Territorio Sénia | 2018 | Taula del Sénia, Cenia (river), Ilercavonia, Olea europaea | |||
| 2017 | Province of Málaga, History of Málaga, Málaga and Sierras de Málaga, Malaga (wine) | ||||
| Salt-production system of Añana | 2017 | Añana, Alava, Basque Country | |||
| Historical irrigation system at l'Horta de València | 2019 | Horta of Valencia, Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia,,,,,,,,,,,,,, agriculture in Spain | |||
| 2022 | Province of León, Picos de Europa, silvopasture | ||||
| Cascaded tank–village system in the dry zone of Sri Lanka | 2017 | Irrigation tank, agriculture in Sri Lanka | |||
| Engaresero Maasai pastoralist heritage area | 2011 | Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Engaresero village, Enguserosambu, Lake Natron, Ngorongoro District, Maasai, pastoralism | |||
| Shimbwe Juu Kihamba agroforestry heritage site | 2011 | Chaga people, Moshi Rural District, Kilimanjaro Region, agroforestry, Kihamba | |||
| Thale Noi Wetland pastoral buffalo agro-ecosystem | 2022 | Thale Noi Non-Hunting Area, Siamese buffalo, agriculture in Thailand, pastoralism | |||
| Gafsa oases | 2011 | Gafsa,, oasis, date palms | |||
| Hanging gardens of Djebba El Olia | 2020 | Djebba El Olia, Mount el Gorrâa or Jbel el Gorrâa Mount | |||
| Ramli agricultural system in the lagoons of Ghar El Melh | 2020 | Ghar El Melh | |||
| Al Ain Oasis and Liwa Oasis historical date palm cultivation | 2015 | Oasis, agroforestry, date palm, falaj |