Glasshead grenadier explained

The glasshead grenadier (Hymenocephalus italicus) is a species of fish in the family Macrouridae.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Description

The glasshead grenadier has a measurement of up to . Its snout is obtuse and projects slightly beyond the mouth. Its barbel is small, and its scales are thin, deciduous, spiny and large.^[5]

Habitat

The glasshead grenadier lives in the Atlantic Ocean;^[6] it is benthopelagic, living at depths of .^[7]

Behaviour

The glasshead grenadier feeds on pelagic copepods, euphausiids and gammarid amphipods, shrimp, ostracods, cumaceans and other small crustaceans.^{[7] [8]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: ITIS - Report: Hymenocephalus italicus. www.itis.gov.
2. Web site: Fisheries Review. September 29, 1994. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Google Books.
3. Book: Orders Heteromi (Notacanthiformes), Berycomorphi (Beryciformes), Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes), Anacanthini (Gadiformes): Part 6. Daniel M.. Cohen. Alfred W.. Ebeling. Tomio. Iwamoto. Samuel B.. McDowell. N. B.. Marshall. Donn E.. Rosen. Pearl. Sonoda. Walter H. Weed. III. Loren P.. Woods. October 23, 2018. Yale University Press. 9781933789293. Google Books.
4. Book: Richards, William J.. Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic, Two Volume Set. August 8, 2005. CRC Press. 9780203500217. Google Books.
5. Web site: Oceanic Ichthyology: A Treatise on the Deep-sea and Pelagic Fishes of the World, Based Chiefly Upon the Collections Made by the Steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the Northwestern Atlantic, with an Atlas Containing 417 Figures. George Brown. Goode. September 29, 1895. Smithsonian institution. Google Books.
6. Web site: Hymenocephalus italicus | NBN Atlas. species.nbnatlas.org.
7. Web site: Hymenocephalus italicus, Glasshead grenadier. www.fishbase.de.
8. Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Hymenocephalus italicus and Nezumia aequalis. Temporal variations of (a) δ 15 N, (b) δ 13 C and (c) normalised δ 13 C values by month of H. mediterraneus (Hmed), H. italicus (Hita) and N. aequalis (Naeq) . ResearchGate.