| Gitnadoix River | |
| Pushpin Map: | British Columbia |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Mouth of Gitnadoix River |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Canada |
| Subdivision Type3: | Province |
| Subdivision Name3: | British Columbia |
| Length: | 38km (24miles) |
| Source1: | Kitimat Ranges |
| Source1 Location: | Coast Mountains |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 54.0431°N -129.2222°W[1] |
| Source1 Elevation: | 840m (2,760feet) |
| Mouth: | Skeena River |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 54.3369°N -129.22°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 15m (49feet)[2] |
| Basin Size: | 546km2 |
The Gitnadoix River is a tributary of the Skeena River in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It originates in the Kitimat Ranges, and flows about 38km (24miles) north to the Skeena River, about 45km (28miles) west of Terrace.[3] [4]
The name "Gitnadoix" comes from a Tsimshian word meaning "people of the swift water".[5] The Gitnadoix River watershed was home to the Tsimshian Gitnadoix First Nation, whose main village was located at the confluence of the Gitnadoix and Skeena Rivers. Today there are eight Tsimshian Lax-kw'alaams First Nation Indian reserves in the Gitnadoix River watershed, which represent some of the important fishery and homeplace locations.
Its drainage basin covers 546km2 of mountainous, glaciated landscape, with peaks reaching heights of over 2000m (7,000feet).[6] The entire watershed is contained within Gitnadoiks River Provincial Park and Gitnadoiks River Protected Area.[7] The Gitnadoix River's watershed has never been subjected to any kind of industrial development. Its protected status prohibits forestry, mineral, and hydroelectric development. There are no residences in the watershed. A natural gas pipeline corridor passes through the watershed about 400m (1,300feet) above the river's confluence with the Skeena. The main recreational activity is sport fishing, mainly for salmon, steelhead, Dolly Varden trout, and cutthroat trout.[6]
The Gitnadoix River originates at an unnamed lake near Kadeen Mountain, south of Alastair Lake, in the Kitimat Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The river flows north, through Alastair Lake, east of Alastair Peak. Exiting the lake the Gitnadoix River continues north to the Skeena River. The Gitnadoix River collects many tributary streams flowing from the high, glaciated mountains of the region. The largest tributaries are Kadeen Creek, Magar Creek, Dogtag Creek, and Clay Creek, which contribute a significant portion of the Gitnadoix's flow.[4] [6]
The Gitnadoix River flows by the Indian reserves of Alastair 82,[8] Alastair 81,[9] Alastair 80,[10] Tsemknawalqan 79,[11] Iakwulgyiyaps 78,[12] Psacelay 77,[13] and at its mouth, Gitandoiks 76,[14] and Gitandoiks 75,[15] of the Tsimshian Lax-kw'alaams First Nation.[16]
The Gitnadoix Valley was a fjord that, since the end of the Pleistocene, has uplifted isostatically and filled with sediment. The floodplain that fills most of the valley bottom is about 1km (01miles) wide, through which the Gitnadoix meanders, often through multiple braided channels. The valley is U-shaped with steep sides, and avalanches annually sweep the slopes, often reaching the valley floor.[6]
The forests of the Gitnadoix watershed's valleys and slopes up to about 600m (2,000feet) are dominated by western hemlock and Sitka spruce, with some stands of western red cedar. At higher altitudes the forest shifts to mountain hemlock and alpine vegetation. North of Alastair Lake the Gitnadoix Valley is swampy, with dispersed cottonwood and patchy conifer stands.[6]
The Gitnadoix River is an important salmon spawning stream. It supports many species of fish, including sockeye salmon, coho salmon, chum salmon, Chinook salmon, pink salmon, steelhead trout, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, Dolly Varden trout, mountain whitefish, bull trout, largescale sucker, peamouth chub, three-spined stickleback, and prickly sculpin.[6]
Other wildlife living in the Gitnadoix's watershed include moose, beaver, otter, mink, wolf, mountain goat, a variety of waterfowl, shorebirds, eagles, hawks, hummingbirds, swallows, thrushes, crows, woodpeckers, warblers, and sparrows. Trumpeter swans nest in the watershed, which is one of just three confirmed nesting sites in British Columbia.[7]