Ginkgoopsida Explained

Ginkgoopsida is a proposed class of gymnosperms defined by Sergei V. Meyen in 1984 to encompass Ginkgoales (which contains the living Ginkgo) alongside a number of extinct seed plant groups, which he considered to be closely related based on similarities of morphology of pollen, seeds, cuticles, short shoots and leaves.[1] [2] [3] The validity of this group as a whole has been considered questionable by other authors, who consider that it is unlikely to be monophyletic.[4] Other authors have used the class as a monotypic grouping, including only Ginkgoales.[5] Some authors have used the clade Ginkgophyta to encompass both Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales/Leptostrobales, which are suggested to be closely related groups.[6]

Notes and References

  1. SV Meyen, Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as shown by the fossil record. Bot Rev 50, 1–111 (1984).
  2. Meyen . Sergei V. . January 1987 . Evolution of Ginkgoopsida: from Peltaspermales to Ginkgoales, Leptostrobales and Caytoniales . Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniques . en . 134 . 2 . 67–76 . 10.1080/01811789.1987.10826864 . 0181-1789.
  3. Herrera . Fabiany . Shi . Gongle . Ichinnorov . Niiden . Takahashi . Masamichi . Bugdaeva . Eugenia V. . Herendeen . Patrick S. . Crane . Peter R. . 2017-03-21 . The presumed ginkgophyte Umaltolepis has seed-bearing structures resembling those of Peltaspermales and Umkomasiales . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 114 . 12 . E2385–E2391 . 10.1073/pnas.1621409114 . 0027-8424 . 5373332 . 28265050. free .
  4. Beck . Charles B. . July 1985 . Gymnosperm Phylogeny — A commentary on the views of S. V. Meyen . The Botanical Review . en . 51 . 3 . 273–294 . 10.1007/BF02861076 . 7535841 . 0006-8101.
  5. Yang . Yong . Ferguson . David Kay . Liu . Bing . Mao . Kang-Shan . Gao . Lian-Ming . Zhang . Shou-Zhou . Wan . Tao . Rushforth . Keith . Zhang . Zhi-Xiang . July 2022 . Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification . Plant Diversity . en . 44 . 4 . 340–350 . 10.1016/j.pld.2022.05.003 . 9363647 . 35967253.
  6. Wang . Jing-Jing . Xin . Cun-Lin . Wang . Lu-Han . Zhang . Ya-Mei . Jiao . Zhi-Peng . Di . Guo-Yun . Liu . Song-Xin . 2022-10-03 . Numerical taxonomy of Ginkgophyta fossils in China . Historical Biology . en . 34 . 10 . 2037–2052 . 10.1080/08912963.2021.1999939 . 0891-2963.

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