Gilbert River (Queensland) Explained

Gilbert
Name Etymology:In honour of John Gilbert
Pushpin Map:Australia Queensland
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of Gilbert River mouth in Queensland
Subdivision Type1:Country
Subdivision Name1:Australia
Subdivision Type2:State
Subdivision Name2:Queensland
Subdivision Type3:Region
Subdivision Name3:Far North Queensland
Length:887km (551miles)
Discharge1 Avg:280m3/s(extremely seasonal)
Source1:Gregory and Newcastle Ranges, Atherton Tableland
Source1 Location:below Conical Hill
Source1 Elevation:634m (2,080feet)
Mouth:Gulf of Carpentaria
Mouth Location:north of
Mouth Coordinates:-16.5397°N 141.2728°W
Mouth Elevation:0m (00feet)
Basin Size:46810km2
Tributaries Left:Langdon River, Little River (Queensland), Einasleigh River
Tributaries Right:Styx River, Percy River, Robertson River
Custom Label:National park
Custom Data:Blackbraes National Park
Extra:[1]

The Gilbert River is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. When combined with the Einasleigh River, the river system is the largest river system in northern Australia.

Features and location

The Gilbert River rises below Conical Hill in the Einasleigh Uplands, draining the eastern slopes of the Gregory Range and the western slopes of the Newcastle Range, north of . The river flows generally northwest, joined by forty tributaries that drain the Blackbraes National Park including, from source to mouth, the Styx, Percy, Robertson, Langdon, Little, and Einasleigh rivers and numerous creeks. North of the Gilbert discharges into the Gulf of Carpentaria. However, northwest of an anabranch of the river forms confluence with the Smithburne River, also emptying into the Gulf.[1] The Gilbert River has a catchment area of of which, or a third of the total catchment,[2] is a vast estuarine delta approximately wide[3] that largely consists of tidal flats and mangrove swamps across the Gulf Country. The river descends over its 887km (551miles) course.[1]

The Gilbert River is a seasonal stream and discharge can vary greatly depending on the intensity of the monsoon. When combined with the Einasleigh River, the Gilbert River has the sixth-highest discharge of any river in Australia, slightly less than that of the Potomac in North America. In an intense wet season, however, the discharge can be as large as that of the Fraser River in Canada, and in a mild wet season like that of 1951-52, the discharge can be as little as one tenth of the long term mean. It is estimated that runoff from the combined Gilbert-Einasleigh River system totals about 2.2 percent of the total runoff from Australia.[4] The record major flood of the Gilbert River was in January 1974 and the floods of February 1991 and in January and February 2009, caused widespread road closures and inundation of properties throughout the catchment.[3]

Environment

The climate of the basin is tropical, with annual rainfall generally around . Almost all the annual rainfall occurs between December and March: the months from May to September are rainless in over 60 percent of years (over 80 percent for August). Rainfall is highly variable due to monsoon variability and occasional severe cyclones: in a wet season like 1973–74 or 1999–2000 it can exceed, but in the almost nonexistent wet season of 1951-952 it was as low as over much of the basin.

The river is too erratic for hydroelectricity to be viable and the soils are exceedingly infertile – generally ironstone gravels or kaolinitic clays – the combined Gilbert-Einasleigh River system is one of the relatively few completely free-flowing river systems of its size or greater in the world. Most of the basin is natural grassland used for grazing cattle at the extremely low densities permissible with the very low nutritive qualities of the feed available: the population is no more than one thousand or one person for over . In the upper reaches soils are more fertile red cracking clays but erode too easily under the erratic rainfall for cropping to be a likely prospect even with groundwater available. The mouth of the river lies in the Gulf Plains Important Bird Area.[5]

The traditional owners of the upper catchment area are the Kunjen people.[6]

Etymology

The river was named in July 1845 by Ludwig Leichhardt in honour of the naturalist John Gilbert who was killed two weeks earlier in an engagement with an Aboriginal group near the Gulf of Carpentaria coast.[7]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Map of Gilbert River, QLD. 26 November 2015. Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia.
  2. Web site: Gilbert River drainage sub-basin — facts and maps . WetlandInfo . . 27 November 2015 .
  3. Web site: Flood warning system for the Gilbert River . . Australian Government . 27 November 2015 .
  4. Book: Brown, John Alexander Henstridge . Australia's Surface Water Resources . . Canberra . 1983 .
  5. Web site: BirdLife International . 2011 . Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gulf Plains . 1 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070710124603/http://www.birdlife.org/ . 10 July 2007 . dmy .
  6. Web site: Kutjal. AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database. 8 June 2015. Ausanthrop.
  7. 26 November 2015.