| Birth Date: | 1883 2, df=yes |
| Death Place: | Jilava Prison, Kingdom of Romania |
| Nationality: | Romanian |
| Occupation: | Soldier, politician |
| Awards: | Order of the Star of Romania, 1st Class |
| Term Start: | 30 March 1938 |
| Term End: | 13 October 1938 |
| Term Start2: | 21 September 1939 |
| Term End2: | 28 September 1939 |
| Serviceyears: | 1903 – 1940[1] |
| Rank: | General de divizie |
| Unit: | 3rd Regiment Roșiori, 2nd Regiment Călărași, 2nd Infantry Division, 4th Infantry Division, 2nd Cavalry Division |
| Commands: | 2nd Regiment Călărași, Guards Division |
| Battles: | Second Balkan War Romanian campaign (World War I) Hungarian–Romanian War |
Gheorghe Argeșanu (28 February 1883 - 26/27 November 1940) was a Romanian cavalry general and politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about a week in September 1939.[2]
Born in Caracal, he was promoted to a leadership position in the Romanian Army during World War I, and served as the first Romanian military attaché to Japan (1921–1922)[1] and as Minister of Defense in the second Miron Cristea cabinet (March–October 1938).
Argeșanu was appointed as premier by King Carol II after the assassination of his predecessor Armand Călinescu by the nationalist Iron Guard, and promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. His first noted measures included the public display of the bodies of Călinescu's assassins (who had been killed by orders from Horia Sima) and the arbitrary arrest and execution without trial of at least three Iron Guard members in each county. He was replaced as premier by Constantin Argetoianu. In June 1940, he was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, 1st Class.[3]
Immediately after the establishment of the Iron Guard's National Legionary State in September 1940, Argeșanu himself was imprisoned without trial in the Jilava Prison, and ultimately killed there during the Jilava massacre by members of the Iron Guard on the same night together with 63 other political prisoners, in retaliation for the violence he had endorsed.
Argeșanu was married to the pianist Manya Botez.