Germantown order of battle explained

The Battle of Germantown on 4 October 1777 pitted a 9,000-man British army under General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe against an 11,000-strong American army commanded by General George Washington. After an initial advance, the American reserve allowed itself to be diverted by 120 English soldiers holding out in the Benjamin Chew House. A heavy morning fog disoriented the American assault columns and led to a friendly fire incident between elements of Major General John Sullivan's right column and Major General Nathanael Greene's left column. At about this time, the American attack lost impetus and both columns retreated. Meanwhile, two wide flanking columns numbering 3,000 American militia had little effect on the outcome. American losses was numbered at 673 soldiers killed and wounded plus 400 captured, while the British suffered 520 casualties.[1]

British Army order of battle

General Sir William Howe (9,000)[2]

Picket

Brigadier General Sir William Erskine

Right Wing

General Sir William Howe

Left Wing

Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen

British and Hessian officers

American Army order of battle

General and Commander-in-Chief George Washington (8,000 regulars, 3,000 militia, 200 cavalry)[13] [14]

Right Wing Militia

Brigadier General John Armstrong Sr. (1,500)[15]

Left Wing Militia

Brigadier General William Smallwood (1,500)

Right Wing Continentals

Major General John Sullivan

Left Wing Continentals

Major General Nathanael Greene

Reserve

Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling (1,200)

American officers

References

Notes and References

  1. Eggenberger, 166–167
  2. Johnson, 70
  3. McGuire (2007), 102
  4. McGuire (2007), 61. McGuire listed the light companies by regiment. Erskine took the 2nd Light Infantry on patrol very early, but found nothing.
  5. McGuire (2007), 58
  6. McGuire (2006), 397. This brigade, with a nominal strength of 1,000 men, was drawn by lottery from the three foot guard regiments.
  7. McGuire (2006), 379. The author gave the Guards Brigade company organization and strength for September 12, 1777.
  8. McGuire (2006), 6. The author named the company commander Osborn.
  9. McGuire (2007), 234. Captain Thomas Twistleton led the light company but missed most of the campaign.
  10. McGuire (2007), 57. Osborn led both flank companies at Germantown.
  11. McGuire (2007), 75, 120. Monckton was in command of the British grenadiers, while Cornwallis led them from their quarters in Philadelphia to the battle. They arrived late and joined the pursuit.
  12. McGuire (2007), 14. Donop led the Hessian grenadiers.
  13. Johnson, 70. Johnson listed the American brigades and cavalry units, but not the foot regiments.
  14. McGuire (2007), 50. McGuire estimated the strengths of the divisions and brigades.
  15. McGuire (2007), 49
  16. McGuire (2007), 69. McGuire gave the brigade commanders and the regiments of Sullivan's division.
  17. McGuire (2007), 111
  18. McGuire (2007), 71. McGuire gave the brigade commanders and the regiments of Wayne's division.
  19. McGuire (2007), 65. McGuire listed the regiments in Conway's brigade.
  20. McGuire (2007), 55. McGuire listed the regiments in McDougall's brigade.
  21. McGuire (2007), 116
  22. McGuire (2007), 56. McGuire listed the brigades and regiments in Greene's division.
  23. Wright, 283–292. The author listed the composition of all four Virginia brigades.
  24. Book: Sanchez-Saavedra, E.M.. A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations in the American Revolution. Virginia State Library. 1978. 0-88490-003-7. Richmond. 29–72.
  25. McGuire (2007), 94. McGuire noted that Woodford was absent and that the acting commander is not known.
  26. Wright, 112. Wright gave the composition of the 3rd Virginia Brigade. He also listed the numbers of the four Virginia brigades and their commanders.
  27. McGuire (2007), 93. This officer is named.
  28. Wright, 108. All nine North Carolina regiments reached Philadelphia in July 1777. However, their aggregate strength was only 131 officers and 963 enlisted men. Only two of the regiments numbered over 200 men.
  29. Wright, 255–257. All four regiments were assigned to the New Jersey Brigade on 22 May 1777.
  30. McGuire (2007), 89. This colonel is misnamed Aaron Ogden.
  31. McGuire (2007), 87

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